Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
Introduction
A sensor network (from English sensor network) is a network of very small computers ("nodes"), equipped with sensors, that collaborate on a common task or tasks.
Sensor networks are made up of a group of sensors with certain sensitive and wireless acting capabilities, which allow the formation of ad hoc networks, without pre-established physical infrastructure or central administration.
Wireless sensor networks (in English, wireless sensor networks, abbreviated WSN), also called wireless sensor and actuator networks, WSAN, are spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sounds, pressure, etc. and to cooperatively pass their data over the network to other locations. Most modern networks are bidirectional, allowing control of sensor activity.
A mobile wireless sensor network (MWSN) is a wireless sensor network (WSN) in which the sensor nodes are mobile. MWSNs are smaller than their predecessors. MWSNs are much more versatile than static sensor networks and can be deployed in any scenario and cope with rapid technological changes.
These wireless sensor and actuator networks are used in many industrial and consumer fields, such as industrial process monitoring and control, machine health monitoring, cyber-physical systems, home automation, environmental sensing, etc.
They are characterized by their ease of deployment and by being self-configurable, being able to become a transmitter or receiver at any time, offering routing services between nodes without direct vision, as well as recording data referring to the local sensors of each node. Another of their characteristics is their efficient energy management, which allows them to obtain a high rate of autonomy that makes them fully operational[1].
The increasing miniaturization of computers gave birth to the idea of developing extremely small and cheap computers that communicate wirelessly and organize autonomously. The idea of these networks is to randomly distribute these nodes over a large territory, which the nodes observe until their energy resources are exhausted. The attributes “small”, “cheap” and “autonomous” made the idea known as smart dust (smart dust)[[2]]( Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D6550437).