Electric fields and magnetic fields are created by a charged particle in matter such as electrons. A stationary charge creates an electrostatic field in the space around it. A stable charge of electric current, direct current, creates a magnetic field around it. The above fields contain energy but cannot carry electrical energy because they are static. However, time-varying fields can carry energy[15]​ by accelerating electrical charges, such as found in an alternating current of electrons in a wire, creating time-varying electric and magnetic fields in the space around them. These fields can exert oscillating forces on the electrons and the receiving "antenna", causing them to move back and forth. These still represent an alternating current that can be used to generate a charge.

The oscillating electric and magnetic fields surround moving electric charges in the "antenna device" which can be divided into two regions, depending on the distance D from the antenna.

Contenido

Los componentes de campos cercanos de campos eléctricos y magnéticos desaparecen rápidamente más allá de una distancia de alrededor de un diámetro de la antena (D). Fuera de rangos muy cercanos, la fuerza del campo y acoplamiento es aproximadamente proporcional a (D/D)[27]​[16]​ Puesto que la energía es proporcional al cuadrado de la intensidad del campo, la energía transferida disminuye con la sexta parte de la distancia de la energía (D/D).[6]​[18]​[28]​[29]​ o 60 dB por década. En otras palabras, duplicar la distancia entre el emisor y receptor, causa que la energía recibida disminuya por el factor de 2 = 64.

Inductive coupling

This wireless transmission technique is based on the use of a magnetic field generated by an electric current to induce a current in a second conductor. This effect occurs in the near electromagnetic field, with the secondary field in close proximity to the primary field. As the distance from the primary increases, more and more of the primary's magnetic field bypasses the secondary even at a relatively short range the inductive coupling is very inefficient, losing much of the transmitted energy.

The "electrodynamic induction" technique of wireless transmission is based on the use of a magnetic field generated by an electric current to induce a current in a second conductor. This effect occurs in the near field of electromagnetic energy, with the secondary, close to the primary. As the distance from the primary was increased, more and more of the primary's electromagnetic field bypassed the secondary. Even at a relatively short range, inductive coupling is seriously inefficient, wasting much of the energy. transmitted.[30]​.

This action of an electrical transformer is the simplest form of wireless energy transmission. The primary coil and secondary coil of a transformer are not directly connected; each coil is part of a separate circuit. The transfer of energy takes place through a process known as mutual induction. The main functions are to pass the primary voltage either up or down and electrical insulation. Electric toothbrush chargers and mobile phones are examples of how this principle is used. Induction cooking uses this method. The main drawback of this basic method of energy transmission is the short range. The receiver must be directly adjacent to the transmitter or induction unit in order to couple efficiently with it.

Common uses of resonance-enhanced electrodynamic induction[31]​ are charging the battery of portable devices such as cell phones and computers, biomedical implants, and electric vehicles.[32]​[33][34]​ A localized charging technique[35]​ by selecting the appropriate transmitting coil in a multilayer array structure.[36]​ Resonance is used in both wireless charging pads (the transmitter circuit) and the receiver module (embedded in the charge) to maximize energy transfer. Battery-powered devices equipped with a special receiver module can be charged simply by placing them on a wireless charging pad. This has been adopted as part of the Qi (induction electricity standard) "Qi (induction electricity standard)".

This technology is also used for electrical devices with low power requirements, such as RFID patches and contactless smart cards. Instead of relying on each of the many thousands or millions of RFID patches or smart cards to contain a constantly working battery, electrodynamic induction can provide power only when the devices are activated.

Bosch has unveiled a wireless charger for electric vehicles, primarily for nighttime use.[37]​.

Electric fields and magnetic fields are created by a charged particle in matter such as electrons. A stationary charge creates an electrostatic field in the space around it. A stable charge of electric current, direct current, creates a magnetic field around it. The above fields contain energy but cannot carry electrical energy because they are static. However, time-varying fields can carry energy[15]​ by accelerating electrical charges, such as found in an alternating current of electrons in a wire, creating time-varying electric and magnetic fields in the space around them. These fields can exert oscillating forces on the electrons and the receiving "antenna", causing them to move back and forth. These still represent an alternating current that can be used to generate a charge.

The oscillating electric and magnetic fields surround moving electric charges in the "antenna device" which can be divided into two regions, depending on the distance D from the antenna.

Contenido

Los componentes de campos cercanos de campos eléctricos y magnéticos desaparecen rápidamente más allá de una distancia de alrededor de un diámetro de la antena (D). Fuera de rangos muy cercanos, la fuerza del campo y acoplamiento es aproximadamente proporcional a (D/D)[27]​[16]​ Puesto que la energía es proporcional al cuadrado de la intensidad del campo, la energía transferida disminuye con la sexta parte de la distancia de la energía (D/D).[6]​[18]​[28]​[29]​ o 60 dB por década. En otras palabras, duplicar la distancia entre el emisor y receptor, causa que la energía recibida disminuya por el factor de 2 = 64.

Inductive coupling

This wireless transmission technique is based on the use of a magnetic field generated by an electric current to induce a current in a second conductor. This effect occurs in the near electromagnetic field, with the secondary field in close proximity to the primary field. As the distance from the primary increases, more and more of the primary's magnetic field bypasses the secondary even at a relatively short range the inductive coupling is very inefficient, losing much of the transmitted energy.

The "electrodynamic induction" technique of wireless transmission is based on the use of a magnetic field generated by an electric current to induce a current in a second conductor. This effect occurs in the near field of electromagnetic energy, with the secondary, close to the primary. As the distance from the primary was increased, more and more of the primary's electromagnetic field bypassed the secondary. Even at a relatively short range, inductive coupling is seriously inefficient, wasting much of the energy. transmitted.[30]​.

This action of an electrical transformer is the simplest form of wireless energy transmission. The primary coil and secondary coil of a transformer are not directly connected; each coil is part of a separate circuit. The transfer of energy takes place through a process known as mutual induction. The main functions are to pass the primary voltage either up or down and electrical insulation. Electric toothbrush chargers and mobile phones are examples of how this principle is used. Induction cooking uses this method. The main drawback of this basic method of energy transmission is the short range. The receiver must be directly adjacent to the transmitter or induction unit in order to couple efficiently with it.

Common uses of resonance-enhanced electrodynamic induction[31]​ are charging the battery of portable devices such as cell phones and computers, biomedical implants, and electric vehicles.[32]​[33][34]​ A localized charging technique[35]​ by selecting the appropriate transmitting coil in a multilayer array structure.[36]​ Resonance is used in both wireless charging pads (the transmitter circuit) and the receiver module (embedded in the charge) to maximize energy transfer. Battery-powered devices equipped with a special receiver module can be charged simply by placing them on a wireless charging pad. This has been adopted as part of the Qi (induction electricity standard) "Qi (induction electricity standard)".

This technology is also used for electrical devices with low power requirements, such as RFID patches and contactless smart cards. Instead of relying on each of the many thousands or millions of RFID patches or smart cards to contain a constantly working battery, electrodynamic induction can provide power only when the devices are activated.

Bosch has unveiled a wireless charger for electric vehicles, primarily for nighttime use.[37]​.