Starting in the 19th century, windmills became popular in Europe; It is estimated that the total number of units was around 200,000 at its peak in 1850, which is modest compared to the 500,000 water wheels.[14] Windmills were applied in regions where there was very little water, where rivers froze in winter, and on flat lands where the river flow was too slow to provide the required power.[14] With the arrival of the industrial revolution, the importance of [15]

Of the 10,000 windmills in use in the Netherlands around 1850,[16] about 1,000 still stand. Most of these are being run by volunteers, although some grist mills still operate commercially. Many of the drainage mills have been designated as backups to modern pumping stations. The Zaan district is said to have been the first industrialized region in the world with around 600 wind industries in operation by the end of the century.[16] Economic fluctuations and the industrial revolution had a much greater impact on these industries than on grain and drainage mills, so very few remain.

Mill building spread to the Cape Colony in the 19th century. The early tower mills did not survive the gales of the Cape Peninsula, so in 1717 the Heeren XVII" sent carpenters, masons and materials to build a durable mill. The mill, completed in 1718, became known as the Oude Molen and was located between Pinelands Station and Black River. Demolished long ago, its name lives on as that of a technical school in Pinelands"). In 1863, Cape Town had 11 mills stretching from Paarden Eiland to Mowbray").[17]

Windmills and their blades have been the object of rhetorical figures in several works. Among them, the literary work of Miguel de Cervantes stands out, Don Quixote of la Mancha (1605), where the protagonist fights against windmills believing that they are giants. From there comes the expression "fighting against windmills" with the meaning of "fighting against imaginary enemies" or "against an invincible enemy."[18] According to the author Edgar Marroquín, in this work the windmills are an allegory of Christian hell, while the hydraulic mill mentioned in the chapter The Enchanted Ship represents redemption.[19]​.

In the fairy tale The Windmill (1865) by Hans Christian Andersen, the windmill is used as a symbol of human pride, aging, death and subsequent resurrection of the soul.[20]​.

The authors Aben Al Labbana") and Luis Salvador of Austria dedicated part of their work to poetically describing the windmills of the Iberian Peninsula. While the plastic artists Rembrandt and Ruisdael portrayed them in their works. Among the paintings, Rembrandt's Les moulins series and the oil paintings from the Kann collection, which show Dutch, Belgian and German windmills, stand out.[21]

In Spain, the windmill is usually a stone structure with a cylindrical or truncated conical shape, with a circular base, on which an independent upper part rests, which supports the blades that transform the energy of the wind into mechanical energy (movement) and which also serves as a cover. This upper part is a wooden framework that can rotate on the stone drum to orient the blades according to the direction of the wind, using a long piece of wood (government; to the right of the mills in the image) fixed to the roof and outside the building, which can be tied to milestones anchored to the ground.

At the top of the building, under the roof, there are small windows (also seen in the image) that were used so that the miller knew the changes in wind direction and consequently could change, with the government, the orientation of the blades as best suited.

In other countries, sometimes the structure was made of wood, much lighter and moved completely to orient the blades. Logically, the floor remained still with respect to the ground.

The blades move a gear (lantern), which meshes with a horizontal wheel (catalina), and transmit the movement of the axis of the blades to a vertical axis, which moves the flywheel.

Canvases were placed on the blades to receive the wind,[1]​ which were removed when movement was not necessary, thus avoiding the use of the mechanisms, which were generally made of wood and therefore very prone to wear. In other mills, such as those in Cartagena "Cartagena (Spain)"), there are no blades per se, but only canvas, in the shape of a triangular sail, which were rolled up on the blade pole, when they were not necessary.

The windmill, still existing, dated as the oldest in Castilla y León is the Cubo mill "El Cubo (Cuéllar)"), located in the Segovian town of Cuéllar, dated in the century.[22]​ Madoz[23]​ mentioned, in the middle of the century, those of Villalón de Campos, Cabreros del Monte and Villafrechós.[24]​.

The usefulness of windmill mechanisms to generate mechanical energy has been used for other uses, such as drawing water, an example of which are those used in the polders of Holland or the classic farm mills, with a metal structure. Currently, those used to produce electrical energy are spreading throughout all countries.

Due to their shape, all of these artifacts have maintained the name of mill, which can sometimes give the wrong impression that the word mill designates any of these or specifically windmills. Specifically, the correct name for those that produce electrical energy is wind turbines or wind turbines, and the pumps could be called wind water pumps.

Among wind water pumps, the most economical ones (which are called farm mills, although they do not grind) were developed in the United States at the end of the century and became less popular with the new, more efficient electrical pumping systems once the supply of that current became widespread. The millers of Marchigüe did not invent something, but rather they learned to make them with rustic tools. The structures are generally made of local wood stretched with coiled wires, the blades and vanes are made of cut zinc sheets, the axle supports are made of forged mild steel and the axles are tempered after a forging process. An entire lubrication system replaced the original grease fittings and pans with horse tallow oil, used to lubricate wagon axles.

Starting in the 19th century, windmills became popular in Europe; It is estimated that the total number of units was around 200,000 at its peak in 1850, which is modest compared to the 500,000 water wheels.[14] Windmills were applied in regions where there was very little water, where rivers froze in winter, and on flat lands where the river flow was too slow to provide the required power.[14] With the arrival of the industrial revolution, the importance of [15]

Of the 10,000 windmills in use in the Netherlands around 1850,[16] about 1,000 still stand. Most of these are being run by volunteers, although some grist mills still operate commercially. Many of the drainage mills have been designated as backups to modern pumping stations. The Zaan district is said to have been the first industrialized region in the world with around 600 wind industries in operation by the end of the century.[16] Economic fluctuations and the industrial revolution had a much greater impact on these industries than on grain and drainage mills, so very few remain.

Mill building spread to the Cape Colony in the 19th century. The early tower mills did not survive the gales of the Cape Peninsula, so in 1717 the Heeren XVII" sent carpenters, masons and materials to build a durable mill. The mill, completed in 1718, became known as the Oude Molen and was located between Pinelands Station and Black River. Demolished long ago, its name lives on as that of a technical school in Pinelands"). In 1863, Cape Town had 11 mills stretching from Paarden Eiland to Mowbray").[17]

Windmills and their blades have been the object of rhetorical figures in several works. Among them, the literary work of Miguel de Cervantes stands out, Don Quixote of la Mancha (1605), where the protagonist fights against windmills believing that they are giants. From there comes the expression "fighting against windmills" with the meaning of "fighting against imaginary enemies" or "against an invincible enemy."[18] According to the author Edgar Marroquín, in this work the windmills are an allegory of Christian hell, while the hydraulic mill mentioned in the chapter The Enchanted Ship represents redemption.[19]​.

In the fairy tale The Windmill (1865) by Hans Christian Andersen, the windmill is used as a symbol of human pride, aging, death and subsequent resurrection of the soul.[20]​.

The authors Aben Al Labbana") and Luis Salvador of Austria dedicated part of their work to poetically describing the windmills of the Iberian Peninsula. While the plastic artists Rembrandt and Ruisdael portrayed them in their works. Among the paintings, Rembrandt's Les moulins series and the oil paintings from the Kann collection, which show Dutch, Belgian and German windmills, stand out.[21]

In Spain, the windmill is usually a stone structure with a cylindrical or truncated conical shape, with a circular base, on which an independent upper part rests, which supports the blades that transform the energy of the wind into mechanical energy (movement) and which also serves as a cover. This upper part is a wooden framework that can rotate on the stone drum to orient the blades according to the direction of the wind, using a long piece of wood (government; to the right of the mills in the image) fixed to the roof and outside the building, which can be tied to milestones anchored to the ground.

At the top of the building, under the roof, there are small windows (also seen in the image) that were used so that the miller knew the changes in wind direction and consequently could change, with the government, the orientation of the blades as best suited.

In other countries, sometimes the structure was made of wood, much lighter and moved completely to orient the blades. Logically, the floor remained still with respect to the ground.

The blades move a gear (lantern), which meshes with a horizontal wheel (catalina), and transmit the movement of the axis of the blades to a vertical axis, which moves the flywheel.

Canvases were placed on the blades to receive the wind,[1]​ which were removed when movement was not necessary, thus avoiding the use of the mechanisms, which were generally made of wood and therefore very prone to wear. In other mills, such as those in Cartagena "Cartagena (Spain)"), there are no blades per se, but only canvas, in the shape of a triangular sail, which were rolled up on the blade pole, when they were not necessary.

The windmill, still existing, dated as the oldest in Castilla y León is the Cubo mill "El Cubo (Cuéllar)"), located in the Segovian town of Cuéllar, dated in the century.[22]​ Madoz[23]​ mentioned, in the middle of the century, those of Villalón de Campos, Cabreros del Monte and Villafrechós.[24]​.

The usefulness of windmill mechanisms to generate mechanical energy has been used for other uses, such as drawing water, an example of which are those used in the polders of Holland or the classic farm mills, with a metal structure. Currently, those used to produce electrical energy are spreading throughout all countries.

Due to their shape, all of these artifacts have maintained the name of mill, which can sometimes give the wrong impression that the word mill designates any of these or specifically windmills. Specifically, the correct name for those that produce electrical energy is wind turbines or wind turbines, and the pumps could be called wind water pumps.

Among wind water pumps, the most economical ones (which are called farm mills, although they do not grind) were developed in the United States at the end of the century and became less popular with the new, more efficient electrical pumping systems once the supply of that current became widespread. The millers of Marchigüe did not invent something, but rather they learned to make them with rustic tools. The structures are generally made of local wood stretched with coiled wires, the blades and vanes are made of cut zinc sheets, the axle supports are made of forged mild steel and the axles are tempered after a forging process. An entire lubrication system replaced the original grease fittings and pans with horse tallow oil, used to lubricate wagon axles.