Water Conservation Technologies
Introduction
In Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, the term water treatment or water purification is the set of unitary operations of a physical, chemical, physical-chemical or biological type whose purpose is the elimination or reduction of pollution or undesirable characteristics of water, whether natural, supply, process or waste water - called, in the case of urban water, black water. The purpose of these operations is to obtain water with the appropriate characteristics for the use to which it is intended, so the combination and exact nature of the processes varies depending on both the properties of the starting water and its final destination.
Because the greatest demands regarding water quality focus on its application for human and animal consumption, these are frequently organized into purification treatments and wastewater purification treatments, although both share many operations.
Drinking water treatment
The set of structures in which water is treated so that it becomes suitable for human consumption is called a drinking water treatment station (ETAP2).[1] There are different technologies to make water drinkable, but all must comply with the same principles:
If there is no storage volume for potable water, the plant capacity must be greater than the maximum daily demand in the design period. Furthermore, a treatment plant must operate continuously, even with some of its components undergoing maintenance; That is why at least two units are necessary for each plant process.
wastewater treatment
Contenido
Las aguas residuales pueden provenir de actividades industriales o agrícolas y del uso doméstico. Los tratamientos de aguas industriales son muy variados, según el tipo de contaminación, y pueden incluir precipitación, neutralización, oxidación química y biológica, reducción, filtración, ósmosis, etc. En el caso de agua urbana, los tratamientos suelen incluir la siguiente secuencia:.
Las depuradoras de aguas domésticas o urbanas se denominan EDAR (Estaciones Depuradoras de Aguas Residuales), y su núcleo es el tratamiento biológico o secundario, ya que el agua residual urbana es fundamentalmente de carácter orgánico —en la hipótesis que se han los vertidos industriales se tratan aparte—.