Introduction to vision sensors

Vision sensors are electronic devices capable of capturing images and processing visual information to detect, measure or inspect objects in industrial and commercial environments. They work by combining a camera or array of sensors with digital processing algorithms that analyze the visual characteristics of an object or surface to emit a useful control or measurement signal.

These sensors are a fundamental part of artificial vision, allowing us to automate tasks that require visual recognition, which improves precision, speed and efficiency in production processes, quality control and robotics.

Basic components of a vision sensor

A vision sensor typically consists of three fundamental parts: the optical system, the image sensor, and the processor. The optical system includes lenses and filters that focus and condition the light reflected by the object so that it properly reaches the image sensor.

The image sensor, which can be a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) or CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor), converts light into electrical signals that represent the captured image. Finally, the digital processor analyzes these signals to extract relevant information depending on the application.

Additionally, some sensors incorporate built-in lighting to ensure optimal conditions regardless of the environment, which is critical for consistent results.

Types of vision sensors according to their technology

There are several types of vision sensors based on the technology and analysis method. 2D vision sensors are the most common, capturing flat images for contour inspection, presence or code reading.

3D vision sensors use techniques such as stereoscopy, structured light or time of flight to obtain three-dimensional information about an object, allowing volumetric measurements or detection of complex surface defects.