bucolic idealization

The valuation of life in towns versus life in cities, from an elitist and purely intellectual point of view, without practical effects, is a literary topic (simple life) that can be traced back to classical Latin literature (Anacreonticas, Beatus Ille, Bucolicas) and that is recovered in the Renaissance (Arcadia "Arcadia (Sannazaro)") by Sannazaro, who begins the pastoral novel, Contempt of Court and Praise of Aldea"),[14]​ by Antonio de Guevara, Ode to retired life")[15]​ by Fray Luis de León -already in the century, The villain in his corner by Lope de Vega, or the parodic references that Cervantes makes in Don Quixote-). Since the 19th century, Romanticism and costumbrismo[16]​ became more deeply interested in folklore, that is, in the part of popular culture that is presented in a purer or genuine form in towns, and the more so the more economically backward or disconnected from the urban environment. Leo Tolstoy tried to turn Yásnaya Polyana into a utopian community, where traditional Russian rural values ​​were combined with progressive pedagogy.

Gabriel García Márquez's magical realism takes place in an imaginary rural community (Macondo). Similar environments created William Faulkner (Yoknapatawpha) or Juan Benet (Region).

I despise the rustic

The opposite assessment also has distant examples, such as the contempt with which the peasants were considered (and the fear of their revolts) in an addition to the medieval ecclesiastical liturgy: A furia rusticorum libera nos, Domine.[17] The satires against the rustic were manifestations of the mixture of contempt and distrust with which clerics and nobles saw the serf, reduced to a deformed monster, ignorant and violent, capable of the greatest atrocities, especially when grouped together.[18]​ The same expression rústico, which means inhabitant of the countryside, or of a town, was equivalent to an uneducated and brutal person (like more modernly the expression rústico, which is used as an insult), or even to coarse and less valuable things (for example, the paperback edition of a book). The identification of the villain (inhabitant of a village) with a person without honor has the same meaning. In fact, it is not conceived in the feudal system that a non-privileged person can have honor, as discussed in two masterpieces of classical Spanish theater), set in two towns that rebel against injustice: El Alcalde de Zalamea (Calderón de la Barca) and Fuenteovejuna (Lope de Vega).

Complaint of rural backwardness

The denunciation of the regenerationists to the situation of the towns subject to caciquism and the backwardness of Spain at the end of the century and the beginning of the century, is seen in the common phrase: he who settles in a town becomes brutalized, debased and impoverished.[20] The same occurs with the oppressive and decadent climate of the towns at the beginning of the century that the authors of the generation of '98 described in novels such as The tree of the science by Pío Baroja or in poems such as The land of Álvar González by Antonio Machado (in Campos de Castilla). Luis Buñuel's film Las Hurdes, land without bread (1932) reflects one of the most clichéd regions of backwardness, ten years after the visit of Alfonso XIII with Dr. Gregorio Marañón and the Hispanist Maurice Legendre. The tremendousism of Camilo José Cela in the postwar period produced Viaje a la Alcarria[21]​ (1948) or La familia de Pascual Duarte (novel, 1942).

More recently, at the end of the Franco era, Joan Manuel Serrat used those same clichés of what has come to be called Deep Spain, already depopulated and aged by emigration,[22]​ in his song Pueblo Blanco").[23]​.

Social denunciation is present in the works of Miguel Delibes, many of them made into films (The rats "The rats (novel)"), The innocent saints "The innocent saints (novel)"), The disputed vote of Mr. Cayo); The latter deals with the issue of aging and rural depopulation.[24]​.

In the rural geography of Spain, due to the construction materials used in traditional rural architecture, and which usually coincide with the geological environment, entire regions are distinguished with "white villages" (whitewashed walls), "black villages" (slate), "red villages" (clay and ferruginous minerals) and "yellow villages" (for quartzite),[25]​ among other names, such as those due to the natural or agricultural environment ("villages"). "green")" surrounded by meadows, forests -"monte"-, pastures, "seas of olive trees", or orchards -"seas of emerald" for Vicente Blasco Ibáñez-), or fields, fallow lands and vineyards whose colors change with the season.[26]​.

• - Villacorta "Villacorta (Riaza)"), one of the so-called "red towns" in the southeast of the province of Segovia.

• - Martín Muñoz de Ayllón, one of the so-called "yellow towns" in the southeast of the province of Segovia.

• - Valverde de los Arroyos, one of the so-called "black towns" in the northwest of the province of Guadalajara.

• - Mijas, one of the so-called "white towns" of Andalusia; now with a strong tourist dedication.

• - Cudillero, an Asturian fishing town.

• - Ricote (Region of Murcia), a white town between the green of the orchard (Valle de Ricote) and the gray of the mountains (Sierra de Ricote and La Navela).

• - Portal:Rural. Content related to Rural.

• - Agricultural exploitation.

• - Rural geography.

• - Rural Community Councils (Rural Community Councils).

• - Preindustrial society.

• - Rural exodus - Urbanization process.

• - The towns with the best views in the world (National Geographic).

bucolic idealization

The valuation of life in towns versus life in cities, from an elitist and purely intellectual point of view, without practical effects, is a literary topic (simple life) that can be traced back to classical Latin literature (Anacreonticas, Beatus Ille, Bucolicas) and that is recovered in the Renaissance (Arcadia "Arcadia (Sannazaro)") by Sannazaro, who begins the pastoral novel, Contempt of Court and Praise of Aldea"),[14]​ by Antonio de Guevara, Ode to retired life")[15]​ by Fray Luis de León -already in the century, The villain in his corner by Lope de Vega, or the parodic references that Cervantes makes in Don Quixote-). Since the 19th century, Romanticism and costumbrismo[16]​ became more deeply interested in folklore, that is, in the part of popular culture that is presented in a purer or genuine form in towns, and the more so the more economically backward or disconnected from the urban environment. Leo Tolstoy tried to turn Yásnaya Polyana into a utopian community, where traditional Russian rural values ​​were combined with progressive pedagogy.

Gabriel García Márquez's magical realism takes place in an imaginary rural community (Macondo). Similar environments created William Faulkner (Yoknapatawpha) or Juan Benet (Region).

I despise the rustic

The opposite assessment also has distant examples, such as the contempt with which the peasants were considered (and the fear of their revolts) in an addition to the medieval ecclesiastical liturgy: A furia rusticorum libera nos, Domine.[17] The satires against the rustic were manifestations of the mixture of contempt and distrust with which clerics and nobles saw the serf, reduced to a deformed monster, ignorant and violent, capable of the greatest atrocities, especially when grouped together.[18]​ The same expression rústico, which means inhabitant of the countryside, or of a town, was equivalent to an uneducated and brutal person (like more modernly the expression rústico, which is used as an insult), or even to coarse and less valuable things (for example, the paperback edition of a book). The identification of the villain (inhabitant of a village) with a person without honor has the same meaning. In fact, it is not conceived in the feudal system that a non-privileged person can have honor, as discussed in two masterpieces of classical Spanish theater), set in two towns that rebel against injustice: El Alcalde de Zalamea (Calderón de la Barca) and Fuenteovejuna (Lope de Vega).

Complaint of rural backwardness

The denunciation of the regenerationists to the situation of the towns subject to caciquism and the backwardness of Spain at the end of the century and the beginning of the century, is seen in the common phrase: he who settles in a town becomes brutalized, debased and impoverished.[20] The same occurs with the oppressive and decadent climate of the towns at the beginning of the century that the authors of the generation of '98 described in novels such as The tree of the science by Pío Baroja or in poems such as The land of Álvar González by Antonio Machado (in Campos de Castilla). Luis Buñuel's film Las Hurdes, land without bread (1932) reflects one of the most clichéd regions of backwardness, ten years after the visit of Alfonso XIII with Dr. Gregorio Marañón and the Hispanist Maurice Legendre. The tremendousism of Camilo José Cela in the postwar period produced Viaje a la Alcarria[21]​ (1948) or La familia de Pascual Duarte (novel, 1942).

More recently, at the end of the Franco era, Joan Manuel Serrat used those same clichés of what has come to be called Deep Spain, already depopulated and aged by emigration,[22]​ in his song Pueblo Blanco").[23]​.

Social denunciation is present in the works of Miguel Delibes, many of them made into films (The rats "The rats (novel)"), The innocent saints "The innocent saints (novel)"), The disputed vote of Mr. Cayo); The latter deals with the issue of aging and rural depopulation.[24]​.

In the rural geography of Spain, due to the construction materials used in traditional rural architecture, and which usually coincide with the geological environment, entire regions are distinguished with "white villages" (whitewashed walls), "black villages" (slate), "red villages" (clay and ferruginous minerals) and "yellow villages" (for quartzite),[25]​ among other names, such as those due to the natural or agricultural environment ("villages"). "green")" surrounded by meadows, forests -"monte"-, pastures, "seas of olive trees", or orchards -"seas of emerald" for Vicente Blasco Ibáñez-), or fields, fallow lands and vineyards whose colors change with the season.[26]​.

• - Villacorta "Villacorta (Riaza)"), one of the so-called "red towns" in the southeast of the province of Segovia.

• - Martín Muñoz de Ayllón, one of the so-called "yellow towns" in the southeast of the province of Segovia.

• - Valverde de los Arroyos, one of the so-called "black towns" in the northwest of the province of Guadalajara.

• - Mijas, one of the so-called "white towns" of Andalusia; now with a strong tourist dedication.

• - Cudillero, an Asturian fishing town.

• - Ricote (Region of Murcia), a white town between the green of the orchard (Valle de Ricote) and the gray of the mountains (Sierra de Ricote and La Navela).

• - Portal:Rural. Content related to Rural.

• - Agricultural exploitation.

• - Rural geography.

• - Rural Community Councils (Rural Community Councils).

• - Preindustrial society.

• - Rural exodus - Urbanization process.

• - The towns with the best views in the world (National Geographic).