Urbanism as a political practice
Introduction
Urban planning or urban planning is the set of technical and regulatory instruments that are drafted to order the use of land and regulate the conditions for its transformation or, where appropriate, conservation. It comprises a set of practices of an essentially projective nature with which an organization model is established for a spatial area, which generally refers to a municipality, an urban area or an area on a neighborhood scale.[1]
Urban planning is related to geography, architecture, transportation engineering and civil engineering to the extent that they organize spaces. It must ensure its correct integration with urban infrastructures and systems. It requires a good knowledge of the physical, social and economic environment that is obtained through analysis according to the methods of geography, sociology and demography, economics and other disciplines. Urban planning is, therefore, one of the specializations of the urban planning profession, although it is normally practiced by architects (mostly) and also by geographers, civil and transportation engineers and other professionals, in countries where it does not exist as an independent academic discipline.
However, urban planning is not only planning, but requires management which entails political-administrative organization.
Urban planning is specified in Urban Plans, technical instruments that generally include an informative report on the background and justification of the proposed action, mandatory standards, plans that reflect the determinations, economic studies on the viability of the action and environmental studies on the effects it will produce.[2].
Urban planning establishes decisions that affect property rights, so it is necessary to know the structure of the property and establish what the impact of the effects on private property may be on the viability of the plans.
Background
In order to plan we start from the concept of politics.
It has a social democratic origin, which conceives the plan as a globalizing element (The plan conceived as a perfect strategy of social democratic intervention techniques) capable of forming an effective regulatory framework for construction activity, regulating the relationships between the forces that represent competing interests.
Under this conceptual approach, the global takes precedence over the spontaneity of the initiative that is forced to promote actions beyond all logic, based on classification techniques and urban qualification.