There has been criticism that McDonough and Braungart previously kept C2C consulting and certification in their inner circle. Critics argued that this lack of competition prevented the model from reaching its potential. Many critics advocated for a public-private partnership that would oversee the C2C concept, thus allowing competition and growth of practical applications and services.[21]​.

McDonough and Braungart responded to this criticism by handing control of the certification protocol to an independent, nonprofit institute called the Cradle to Cradle Products Innovation Institute. McDonough said the new institute will "enable our protocol to become a public certification program and a global standard."[5]​ The new Institute announced the creation of a Certification Standards Board in June 2012. The new board, under the auspices of the Institute, will oversee certification going forward.[22]​.

The C2C concept provides for its own certification of its analysis and is therefore in contradiction with international editorial standards (ISO 14040 and ISO 14044) for life cycle assessment, while an independent external review is needed to obtain comparative and resilient results. [23][24][25][26]​.

Contenido

En el modelo de la cuna a la cuna, todos los materiales utilizados en procesos industriales o comerciales (como metales, fibras y tintes ) se clasifican en una de dos categorías: nutrientes "técnicos" o "biológicos".

Structure

Initially defined by McDonough and Braungart, the five certification criteria of the Cradle to Cradle Products Innovation Institute are:[7]​.

Health

Today, many humans come into contact with or consume, directly or indirectly, many harmful materials and chemicals on a daily basis. In addition, many other forms of plant and animal life are also exposed. C2C seeks to eliminate hazardous technical nutrients (synthetic materials such as mutagenic materials, heavy metals and other hazardous chemicals) from current life cycles. If the materials we come into contact with and are exposed to on a daily basis are non-toxic and have no long-term health effects, then overall system health can be better maintained. For example, a fabric factory can eliminate all harmful technical nutrients by carefully reconsidering what chemicals they use in their dyes to achieve the colors they need and trying to do so with fewer base chemicals.[4]​.

economic sciences

The C2C model shows great potential to reduce the financial cost of industrial systems. For example, in the redesign of the Ford River Rouge complex, planting Sedum (stonecrop) vegetation on the roofs of assembly plants retains and cleans rainwater. It also moderates the internal temperature of the building to save energy. The roof is part of an $18 million stormwater treatment system designed to clean 76 million cubic meters of rainwater annually. This saved Ford $30 million that would otherwise have been spent on mechanical treatment facilities.[8]​ By following C2C design principles, product manufacturing can be designed to cost less for the producer and the consumer.

Existing synthetic materials

C2C design addresses the question of how to address the countless existing technical nutrients (synthetic materials) that cannot be recycled or reintroduced into the natural environment. Materials that can be reused and retain their quality can be used within technical nutrient cycles, while other materials are much more difficult to treat, such as plastics in the Pacific Ocean.

There has been criticism that McDonough and Braungart previously kept C2C consulting and certification in their inner circle. Critics argued that this lack of competition prevented the model from reaching its potential. Many critics advocated for a public-private partnership that would oversee the C2C concept, thus allowing competition and growth of practical applications and services.[21]​.

McDonough and Braungart responded to this criticism by handing control of the certification protocol to an independent, nonprofit institute called the Cradle to Cradle Products Innovation Institute. McDonough said the new institute will "enable our protocol to become a public certification program and a global standard."[5]​ The new Institute announced the creation of a Certification Standards Board in June 2012. The new board, under the auspices of the Institute, will oversee certification going forward.[22]​.

The C2C concept provides for its own certification of its analysis and is therefore in contradiction with international editorial standards (ISO 14040 and ISO 14044) for life cycle assessment, while an independent external review is needed to obtain comparative and resilient results. [23][24][25][26]​.