Urban planning for migrations
Introduction
In Colombia, internal migrations have caused a culture based around the cities and the urban landscape, however preserving some rural appropriations descended from the time of the Spanish viceroyalty (in particular the use of the famous Spanish tiles) with exceptions in some cities or particular sectors, peasant culture maintains a prominent role in Colombian society.
Today, the majority of Colombians live in cities, and the country is in the twenty-second place in the world in terms of urban population, in absolute value.[1] More than 70% of Colombians live in a metropolitan urban center and it is estimated that this proportion will increase to 85% in the year 2050.[2] These metropolitan agglomerations are recent and are structured in metropolitan areas. Their economic weight is considerable for the country.
In 2019, Colombia had 32 municipalities with more than 200,000 inhabitants - see Annex: Municipalities of Colombia by population - and had 23 metropolitan areas in operation, of which 15 exceed 500,000 inhabitants. Many of the large Colombian cities, like those in the rest of the countries, are experiencing difficulties linked to immigration (historically from the Mediterranean and recently, Venezuelan), to the social changes resulting from the armed conflict and to the globalization initiated by the government of economic openness.
Town planning
Layout
The most common layout of urban centers is the checkerboard plan. However, this plan may vary depending on the configuration of the place (e.g. Barranquilla, surrounded by river beds), the history of the city (Cartagena de Indias, built around military infrastructure), etc. The board plan is neither a novelty nor an exception in modern times: ancient cities (Alexandria, Pompeii) or medieval cities (the bastides "Bastida (urbanism)") already applied this organization and other cities on the American continent adopted it in the centuries and . The orthogonal plane responds to the demands of speed and rationalization of space.
Organization
Large Colombian cities, like many formed around population growth, have a similar structure and organization, which follows a concentric model: