Urban planning as risk management
Introduction
Safe city is an urban design concept that refers to the physical safety of citizens and their right to move freely through the city and enjoy public spaces. In a safe city, urban violence, crime, robberies, theft, vandalism, crimes and terrorist threats would be reduced. From a gender perspective, this concept has been applied to the safety of women in cities and has become one of the key issues of urban planning. This notion is directly linked to the idea of an inclusive city also for women and issues of planning and human management.[1].
The concept of a safe city refers to the right of women to circulate, free of violence in public spaces.[2] A city is safe when women's rights are guaranteed and they can circulate freely and without fear in public spaces.[3].
Concept
The origin of the concept is found in Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design or CPTED for its acronym in English (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design), created by criminologist Clarence Ray Jeffery in 1971.[4] Jane Jacobs and Oscar Newman turned it into an urban design concept.[5].
The phenomena of urban violence change according to sex, age and social position. The use and enjoyment of cities depends on whether you are male or female, young or old.[6] Gender violence and sexist violence (or violence against women) appear in both the private and public spheres. Public space is one of the fundamental rights of citizens. A safe city has good public spaces to multiply the possibilities of social contact between people.[7] Various studies have shown that safety is a determining dimension of the use and appropriation of public space by women.[8].
Safe city gender perspective
In several cities around the world, the idea of safe city was taken into account with women in mind.[9].
The concept of a safe city refers to the right of women to circulate, free of violence, in public spaces.[2] The influence of gender in the use of urban spaces is very important.[6] The concept of a safe city comes from thinking about public policies that include a gender perspective in the public sphere of shared spaces and reformulating the issue in terms of citizenship. The relationship between security in public space and security in private space is essential to understand women's feeling of insecurity.[7].