Urban landscape heritage
Introduction
Landscape architecture or landscaping is the art of projecting, planning, designing, managing, conserving and rehabilitating open spaces, public space and land. The scope of the profession includes architectural drawing, environmental restoration, site or regional planning, town planning, urban design, residential development, park and recreational space planning, and historic preservation.
An expert in landscape architecture or landscaping is called a landscape architect or simply a landscape architect, depending on the country.
History
The history of landscape architecture is linked to that of gardening, but without being confused with it. The two disciplines deal with the composition of plantings and outdoor adaptations, but:
• - Gardening is rather interested in fenced or fenced public and private spaces, such as parks and gardens.
• - Landscape architecture is interested in open spaces enclosed with fences and also in open spaces without any fence or wall, such as squares, park networks, green belts and wild places.
The Romans planned landscaping on a large scale. Vitruvius wrote on various topics, such as city planning, that still interest landscape architects today. As with other arts, it was with the arrival of the Renaissance that garden design was revived with exceptional achievements. This is the case of the old Paseo del Prado in Madrid, which, however, was adapted to the tastes of Neoclassicism during the reign of Charles III and converted into the Salón del Prado, today declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site; and this is also the case of the Alameda de Hércules in Seville, designed in 1574 and considered the oldest public garden in Europe that has survived to this day.[1] Over the centuries, private gardens proliferated in the villas of Tuscany, as Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375) refers in his work The Decameron, a series of stories about a group of young refugees in a villa near Florence. where they gather to escape the scourge of the Black Death. Of those models of private villas, an extraordinary example stands out, which is Villa de Este, in Tivoli. The garden continued to develop throughout the Renaissance until the 20th century and, already in the 19th century, during the Baroque, it reached its peak with the work of André Le Nôtre in the palaces of Vaux-le-Vicomte and Versailles.[2].