Urban fiscal management
Introduction
Multipurpose Cadastre or multipurpose cadastre is an institution through which the State registers and organizes the ownership of real estate and public land in an alphanumeric manner; Its collection is made up of descriptive and statistical censuses, in order to guarantee the right of possession, delimit private property and exercise taxation over it.
The Multipurpose Cadastre is a common institutional model in Latin America, developed after the Second World War and consolidated from Agenda 21, during the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, and the Resolution of the Second United Nations Conference on Human Settlements-HABITAT II.[1].
History
Cadastres are records of territorial units per capita, with a long tradition. The name they bear is derived from capitum registrum or Capitastrum, a form of organization developed in Rome since the century BC. C. whose function was to guarantee the right of property and establish a tax relationship. From this name and institution all forms of Latin and Germanic cadastre emerge.
Although the forms of land registration and the imposition of land charges are constant and inherent to all governments, the pre-Columbian records in America cannot be considered to be a direct antecedent of the current cadastral system because this is not the product of a unique evolutionary process of Hispanic or native institutions, but of the property right emanating from the American National States of the 20th century.
The Latin American national cadastres are historiographically associated with the census measures undertaken in 1749 by Ferdinand VI in all the territories of the Hispanic monarchy, known as the Ensenada Cadastre. However, this model of information retrieval through surveys is very different from the data collection undertaken by some of the National States during the first half of the century, so that the modern formation of the cadastre can be divided into two periods, the first, the consolidation of liberal governments and the organization of the private property system (1809-1863); and, the second, the creation of fiscal cadastres for exclusively tax and regional purposes, which were formed during the last three decades of the century until the end of the Second World War.
The first attempts to control the national territory were born from the need of the States to exercise tax collection, establish citizenship and the right to property. Argentina was the first Latin American country to organize an information system on real estate through the Topographic Commission of the Province of Buenos Aires (1824), which two years later was a pioneer in the preparation of cadastral records of civil information in the world, which gathered graphic material and survey reports; which was organized for the first time under an alphanumeric system that was designed especially for this purpose.[2] The model of Commissions, Registries and Topographic Departments was structured as an incipient organization responsible for generating and managing information on the territory and land use, which soon spread to the rest of the Latin American countries, including Brazil, which in 1890 had already established its own Department of Land Registration and Transmission.