The goal of any spatial reference system is to create a common reference frame in which locations can be precisely and consistently measured as coordinates, which can then be shared unambiguously, so that any recipient can identify the same location as originally designated.[3]​ To achieve this, any definition of a coordinate reference system must be composed of several specifications:.

• - A coordinate system, an abstract framework for measuring locations. Like any mathematical coordinate system, its definition consists of a measurable space (whether a plane, three-dimensional space, or the surface of an object such as the Earth), a point of origin, a set of vectors that determine the axes emanating from the origin, and a unit of measurement.

• - A horizontal datum that links the abstract coordinate system to real Earth space. This data can be defined as a precise reference frame to measure geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude). Examples include the World Geodetic System and the North American Datum (1927 and 1983). A datum generally consists of an estimate of the shape of the Earth (usually an ellipsoid) and one or more "anchor points" or "control points," established locations (often marked by physical landmarks) for which measurement is documented.

• - The definition of a projected coordinate reference system must also include a map projection option to convert the spherical coordinates specified by the datum into Cartesian coordinates on a planar surface.

Therefore, a coordinate reference system definition will typically consist of a "stack" of specifications on which it depends, as exemplified in the following table:.

Contenido

Ejemplos de sistemas de referencia en todo el mundo son:.

Asia

• - Global navigation grid code"), China.

• - Israeli Cassini Soldner"), Israel.

• - Israeli Transverse Mercator"), Israel.

• - Jordan Transverse Mercator"), Jordan.

Europe

• - British national grid reference system"), Great Britain.

• - Lambert-93 (fr), the official screening in metropolitan France.

• - Hellenic geodetic reference system 1987"), Greece.

• - Irish Grid Reference System"), Ireland.

• - Irish Transverse Mercator Reference System"), Ireland.

• - SWEREF 99 (sv), Sweden.

North America

• - United States National Grid"), USA.

World Cups

• - Universal transverse Mercator coordinate system.

• - Lambert conformal projection.

• - International map code system").

• - MGRS").

A Spatial Reference System Identifier (SRID) is a unique value used to unambiguously identify projected, non-projected, and local spatial coordinate system definitions. These coordinate systems form the core of all geographic information system applications.

Virtually all major space vendors have either created their own SRID implementation or reference those from an authority, such as the EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset.

SRIDs are the primary key of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) spatial_reference_system metadata table for simple features for the SQL specification, versions 1.1 and 1.2, which is defined as follows:.

In spatially enabled databases (such as DB2, Informix, Ingres&action=edit&redlink=1 "Ingres (database) (not yet redacted)", Microsoft SQL Server, MonetDB"), MySQL, Oracle Database, Teradata, PostGIS, Adaptive Server Anywhere, and Vertica"), SRIDs are used to uniquely identify the coordinate systems used to define columns of spatial data or individual spatial objects in a spatial column (based on their spatial encoding). SRIDs are typically associated with a known text (WKT) string definition of the coordinate system (SRTEXT, as noted above).

Below are two common coordinate systems with their SRID EPSG value followed by their WKT:.

UTM, Zone 17N, NAD27 — SRID 2029:.

World Geodetic System—SRID 4326.

SRID values ​​associated with spatial data can be used to restrict spatial operations. For example, you cannot perform spatial operations between spatial objects with different SRIDs in some systems, or trigger coordinate system transformations between spatial objects in others.

• - Engineering datum").

• - Geodesy.

• - Geodetic reference system.

• - Georeferencing.

• - Geographic coordinates.

• - Geographic information system (GIS).

• - Reference mesh.

• - Linear referencing").

• - Annex: National coordinate reference systems").

• - Guidance terms").

• - spatialreference.org A website with over 13,000 spatial reference systems, in a variety of formats.

• - OpenGIS specifications (standards) Archived December 13, 2004 at the Wayback Machine.

• - OpenGIS Simple Feature Specification for CORBA (99-054).

• - OpenGIS Simple Feature Specification for OLE/COM (99-050).

• - OpenGIS Simple Feature Specification for SQL (99-054, 05-134, 06-104r3).

• - OGR Archived April 22, 2006 at the Wayback Machine: library that implements relevant OGC standards.

• - EPSG.org: official website of the EPSG geodetic parameters data set. Search engine for reference systems defined by EPSG.

• - EPSG.io/ - Full text search indexing more than 6000 coordinate systems.

• - CRS Registry of Galdos Systems INdicio.

The goal of any spatial reference system is to create a common reference frame in which locations can be precisely and consistently measured as coordinates, which can then be shared unambiguously, so that any recipient can identify the same location as originally designated.[3]​ To achieve this, any definition of a coordinate reference system must be composed of several specifications:.

• - A coordinate system, an abstract framework for measuring locations. Like any mathematical coordinate system, its definition consists of a measurable space (whether a plane, three-dimensional space, or the surface of an object such as the Earth), a point of origin, a set of vectors that determine the axes emanating from the origin, and a unit of measurement.

• - A horizontal datum that links the abstract coordinate system to real Earth space. This data can be defined as a precise reference frame to measure geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude). Examples include the World Geodetic System and the North American Datum (1927 and 1983). A datum generally consists of an estimate of the shape of the Earth (usually an ellipsoid) and one or more "anchor points" or "control points," established locations (often marked by physical landmarks) for which measurement is documented.

• - The definition of a projected coordinate reference system must also include a map projection option to convert the spherical coordinates specified by the datum into Cartesian coordinates on a planar surface.

Therefore, a coordinate reference system definition will typically consist of a "stack" of specifications on which it depends, as exemplified in the following table:.

Contenido

Ejemplos de sistemas de referencia en todo el mundo son:.

Asia

• - Global navigation grid code"), China.

• - Israeli Cassini Soldner"), Israel.

• - Israeli Transverse Mercator"), Israel.

• - Jordan Transverse Mercator"), Jordan.

Europe

• - British national grid reference system"), Great Britain.

• - Lambert-93 (fr), the official screening in metropolitan France.

• - Hellenic geodetic reference system 1987"), Greece.

• - Irish Grid Reference System"), Ireland.

• - Irish Transverse Mercator Reference System"), Ireland.

• - SWEREF 99 (sv), Sweden.

North America

• - United States National Grid"), USA.

World Cups

• - Universal transverse Mercator coordinate system.

• - Lambert conformal projection.

• - International map code system").

• - MGRS").

A Spatial Reference System Identifier (SRID) is a unique value used to unambiguously identify projected, non-projected, and local spatial coordinate system definitions. These coordinate systems form the core of all geographic information system applications.

Virtually all major space vendors have either created their own SRID implementation or reference those from an authority, such as the EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset.

SRIDs are the primary key of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) spatial_reference_system metadata table for simple features for the SQL specification, versions 1.1 and 1.2, which is defined as follows:.

In spatially enabled databases (such as DB2, Informix, Ingres&action=edit&redlink=1 "Ingres (database) (not yet redacted)", Microsoft SQL Server, MonetDB"), MySQL, Oracle Database, Teradata, PostGIS, Adaptive Server Anywhere, and Vertica"), SRIDs are used to uniquely identify the coordinate systems used to define columns of spatial data or individual spatial objects in a spatial column (based on their spatial encoding). SRIDs are typically associated with a known text (WKT) string definition of the coordinate system (SRTEXT, as noted above).

Below are two common coordinate systems with their SRID EPSG value followed by their WKT:.

UTM, Zone 17N, NAD27 — SRID 2029:.

World Geodetic System—SRID 4326.

SRID values ​​associated with spatial data can be used to restrict spatial operations. For example, you cannot perform spatial operations between spatial objects with different SRIDs in some systems, or trigger coordinate system transformations between spatial objects in others.

• - Engineering datum").

• - Geodesy.

• - Geodetic reference system.

• - Georeferencing.

• - Geographic coordinates.

• - Geographic information system (GIS).

• - Reference mesh.

• - Linear referencing").

• - Annex: National coordinate reference systems").

• - Guidance terms").

• - spatialreference.org A website with over 13,000 spatial reference systems, in a variety of formats.

• - OpenGIS specifications (standards) Archived December 13, 2004 at the Wayback Machine.

• - OpenGIS Simple Feature Specification for CORBA (99-054).

• - OpenGIS Simple Feature Specification for OLE/COM (99-050).

• - OpenGIS Simple Feature Specification for SQL (99-054, 05-134, 06-104r3).

• - OGR Archived April 22, 2006 at the Wayback Machine: library that implements relevant OGC standards.

• - EPSG.org: official website of the EPSG geodetic parameters data set. Search engine for reference systems defined by EPSG.

• - EPSG.io/ - Full text search indexing more than 6000 coordinate systems.

• - CRS Registry of Galdos Systems INdicio.