unfinished architecture
Introduction
Non finito is an Italian expression, literally translatable as "unfinished", which is applied in artistic contexts to works to which aesthetic value is attributed precisely because of their imperfection or lack of finish (whether a stylistic feature voluntarily chosen by the author or the result of chance, due to the moment in which he was forced to leave his work),[1] which is also called "aesthetics of the unfinished" (in French esthétique de l'inachevé).[2] In the words of Rembrandt, "a work is finished when the artist decides that it is finished";[3] while in Whistler's, referring to painters of "bourgeois taste" (preciosismo "Preciosismo (painting)") or kitsch), "their works may be finished, but what is certain is that they are not begun." Considered in this way, the non finito is not the unfinished, but rather what is not "outlined", it suggests more than it represents, it uses simple, "sketched" strokes to reach the essential, without getting lost in details.[4] Since Romanticism and Realism, the opposition between academic art, extension of the "finished" and cold aesthetics of Neoclassicism, and the increasingly ambitious search for transgression by successive avant-garde, for which the use of non finito is a common resource (Impressionism, Expressionism).
The main example of the aesthetics of the unfinished is the sculptural work of Michelangelo, to whom a psychological inability to consider his works is attributed; they posed, while others continued retouching them indefinitely (case of La Gioconda). Titian, especially in his mature works, used a loose and gestural brushstroke "Gesture (painting)") (the so-called "Venetian brushstroke", but which is also often called, anachronistically, "impressionist"), sometimes bringing the pictorial material to the canvas with his own hands. Velázquez presented at the same time an "impressionist" brushstroke (bravura, alla prima) and an obsession with retouching in countless glazes and pentimenti.[6] Obviously, in these cases, as well as in the pictorial work of Goya (especially that of his last creative phases),[7] of Turner, Delacroix, Courbet or Manet, or the sculptural work of Rodin, the use of this aesthetic It is conscious, a means of expression.[8].
Although the concept refers above all to sculpture and painting, it is also applied to architecture (the padding of Florentine palaces - the name of the Palazzo Nonfinito"), currently the headquarters of the National Museum of Anthropology and Ethnology of Florence"),[9] refers simply to its condition of having been left half-built-, other visual resources of Mannerist architecture), to music (the different ) or to literature.[10].