Transport Documents
Introduction
The CMR Convention (the initials correspond to Convention relative au contrat de transport international de Marchandise par Route) is the legal framework for the international transport of goods by road and its formalization in the so-called «CMR consignment note».
The International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (Unidroit) drafted the CMR Convention,[1] which was approved by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, UNECE). This CMR Convention was signed in Geneva (Switzerland) on May 19, 1956 and entered into force on July 2, 1961.[2] Most European countries have ratified it.[3] Spain acceded to the CMR Convention on September 12, 1973.[4].
The CMR Convention had an update, the "Protocol corresponding to the Convention relating to the contract for the international carriage of goods by road (CMR)", made in Geneva on July 5, 1978, which established the limits of the carrier's liability based on the SDR.[5][6].
Years later, an additional protocol was signed, known as "Additional Protocol to the Convention on the International Carriage of Goods by Road (CMR), relating to the Electronic Waybill", made in Geneva on February 20, 2008, and entered into force on June 5, 2011, to adapt the CMR Convention to new technologies.[7] Spain ratified this protocol on May 11, 2011.[8].
Scope of application
This agreement applies to all road freight transport contracts whose loading and unloading points are located in two different countries as long as at least one of them is a signatory to the agreement. This agreement applies even when part of the journey is by ship, rail or plane. Are excluded:.
The acronym "CMR" must appear in an international road transport contract to qualify for this agreement.[10] The CMR Convention has been signed so far (June 2018) by 55 countries.[2].
Text of the agreement
The CMR Convention is made up of eight chapters: