Biological agents, including microorganisms and toxins produced by living organisms, can cause health problems in workers. Influenza is an example of a biological risk that affects a large population of workers.[13]​.

Those who work outdoors encounter numerous biological hazards, including bites and stings from insects, spiders, snakes, and scorpions,[14]​[15]​[16]​ Contact dermatitis from exposure to urushiol from poisonous Toxicodendron plants,[17]​ Lyme disease,[18]​ West Nile virus,[19]​ and coccidioidomycosis.[20]​ According to NIOSH, outdoor workers are at risk for these hazards:

Healthcare professionals are at risk of exposure to blood-borne diseases (such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C)[21]​ and,.

in particular, to emerging infectious diseases, especially when sufficient resources are not available to control the spread of the disease.[22]​ Veterinary health workers, including veterinarians, are at risk of exposure to zoonotic diseases.[23]​ Those who perform clinical work in the field or in a laboratory are at risk of exposure to West Nile virus if they perform necropsies on birds affected by the virus or if they are working with infected tissue.[19]​.

Other occupations at risk for exposure to biological hazards include poultry workers, who are exposed to bacteria;[24]​ and tattoo artists and piercers, who are at risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens.[25]​.

Psychosocial risks are occupational risks that affect a person's social life or psychological health. Psychosocial hazards in the workplace include occupational burnout and occupational stress, which can lead to burnout.[26]​.

Ergonomics tries to improve working conditions by adapting the work to the person, taking into account physical and psychological characteristics.[27]​.

Los peligros físicos son un subtipo de peligros ocupacionales que involucran peligros ambientales que pueden causar daño con o sin contacto. Los peligros físicos incluyen peligros ergonómicos"), radiación, estrés por calor y frío, peligros por vibraciones y peligros por ruido.[28]​.

Noise

The sources of noise are numerous, but we must mainly highlight work in foundries, carpentry shops, textile factories, the metal sector, etc. It can cause communication problems, decreased ability to concentrate, drowsiness, alterations in work performance, deafness, tachycardia, increased blood pressure, sleep disorders, etc. Occupational hearing loss" is the most common occupational disease in the manufacturing sector.[29]​ Workers in certain fields, such as musicians,[30]​ miners,[31]​ and even those involved in stock car racing,[32]​ are exposed to higher levels of noise and are therefore at greater risk of developing hearing loss.

While permanent noise-induced hearing loss can be prevented.[33] As a widespread problem, NIOSH is committed to preventing future hearing loss for workers by establishing recommended exposure limits (RELs) of 85 dB(A) for an 8-house time-weighted average (TWA).[34] The Buy Quiet program was developed by NIOSH to encourage employers to reduce noise levels in the workplace by purchasing tool models and quieter machinery.[35]​[36]​ Additionally, a partnership with the National Hearing Conservation Association (NHCA) has resulted in the creation of the Safe-in-Sound Award") to recognize excellence and innovation in the field of hearing loss prevention.[37]​[38]​.

Vibration

Machines, tools and vehicles that cause vibrations, which can cause low back pain, wrist and elbow injuries, cramps, tingling, decreased grip strength, etc.[39]​.

Non-ionizing radiation

It is radiation incapable of producing ionization phenomena. They are classified into:

ionizing radiation

It is radiation capable of acting on the human body causing alterations in cells and tissues. It can originate in nuclear reactors, medical and dental x-ray tubes, particle accelerators, radioactive isotope research, industrial scintigraphy. They can cause hand dermatitis, cataracts or some forms of cancer.

Temperature and humidity

Industrial operations can involve severe heat and humidity conditions.[39]​.

Biological agents, including microorganisms and toxins produced by living organisms, can cause health problems in workers. Influenza is an example of a biological risk that affects a large population of workers.[13]​.

Those who work outdoors encounter numerous biological hazards, including bites and stings from insects, spiders, snakes, and scorpions,[14]​[15]​[16]​ Contact dermatitis from exposure to urushiol from poisonous Toxicodendron plants,[17]​ Lyme disease,[18]​ West Nile virus,[19]​ and coccidioidomycosis.[20]​ According to NIOSH, outdoor workers are at risk for these hazards:

Healthcare professionals are at risk of exposure to blood-borne diseases (such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C)[21]​ and,.

in particular, to emerging infectious diseases, especially when sufficient resources are not available to control the spread of the disease.[22]​ Veterinary health workers, including veterinarians, are at risk of exposure to zoonotic diseases.[23]​ Those who perform clinical work in the field or in a laboratory are at risk of exposure to West Nile virus if they perform necropsies on birds affected by the virus or if they are working with infected tissue.[19]​.

Other occupations at risk for exposure to biological hazards include poultry workers, who are exposed to bacteria;[24]​ and tattoo artists and piercers, who are at risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens.[25]​.

Psychosocial risks are occupational risks that affect a person's social life or psychological health. Psychosocial hazards in the workplace include occupational burnout and occupational stress, which can lead to burnout.[26]​.

Ergonomics tries to improve working conditions by adapting the work to the person, taking into account physical and psychological characteristics.[27]​.

Los peligros físicos son un subtipo de peligros ocupacionales que involucran peligros ambientales que pueden causar daño con o sin contacto. Los peligros físicos incluyen peligros ergonómicos"), radiación, estrés por calor y frío, peligros por vibraciones y peligros por ruido.[28]​.

Noise

The sources of noise are numerous, but we must mainly highlight work in foundries, carpentry shops, textile factories, the metal sector, etc. It can cause communication problems, decreased ability to concentrate, drowsiness, alterations in work performance, deafness, tachycardia, increased blood pressure, sleep disorders, etc. Occupational hearing loss" is the most common occupational disease in the manufacturing sector.[29]​ Workers in certain fields, such as musicians,[30]​ miners,[31]​ and even those involved in stock car racing,[32]​ are exposed to higher levels of noise and are therefore at greater risk of developing hearing loss.

While permanent noise-induced hearing loss can be prevented.[33] As a widespread problem, NIOSH is committed to preventing future hearing loss for workers by establishing recommended exposure limits (RELs) of 85 dB(A) for an 8-house time-weighted average (TWA).[34] The Buy Quiet program was developed by NIOSH to encourage employers to reduce noise levels in the workplace by purchasing tool models and quieter machinery.[35]​[36]​ Additionally, a partnership with the National Hearing Conservation Association (NHCA) has resulted in the creation of the Safe-in-Sound Award") to recognize excellence and innovation in the field of hearing loss prevention.[37]​[38]​.

Vibration

Machines, tools and vehicles that cause vibrations, which can cause low back pain, wrist and elbow injuries, cramps, tingling, decreased grip strength, etc.[39]​.

Non-ionizing radiation

It is radiation incapable of producing ionization phenomena. They are classified into:

ionizing radiation

It is radiation capable of acting on the human body causing alterations in cells and tissues. It can originate in nuclear reactors, medical and dental x-ray tubes, particle accelerators, radioactive isotope research, industrial scintigraphy. They can cause hand dermatitis, cataracts or some forms of cancer.

Temperature and humidity

Industrial operations can involve severe heat and humidity conditions.[39]​.