Track replacement (Metro) | Construpedia

Track replacement (Metro)

Introduction

The Mexico City Metro is the metropolitan railway network "Metro (railway)") of the Mexican capital, Mexico City and its metropolitan area. Federal).[7].

In 2006, it ranked third in the world in user acquisition, transporting an average of 3.9 million passengers per day (sometimes surpassed by the subways of New York, Moscow and Tokyo). Also in that year it obtained fifth place worldwide for the extension of its network.[8][9][10].

Until August 12, 2013, its construction was managed by the so-called Metro Project of the Federal District, a decentralized body of the aforementioned secretariat.[11] It is known colloquially as Metro, due to the contraction of the term metropolitan train.

The Mexico City metro has 12 lines, each one with a distinctive number, letter and color. The vehicle park is made up of pneumatic running trains on lines 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and B, and railway running trains on lines A and 12.

The total length of the network is 226.49 km. with 195 stations. The voltage at which all trains operate (pneumatic and railway) is 750 VDC, with the exception of Line 12, whose trains require a voltage of 1,500 VDC. The system has approximately 3,333 cars with a standard capacity of 1,530 people per train; 15,239 direct employees; 1,684.94 annual trips per passenger; 859.59 million kWh in electrical energy consumption and 114.03 million kilometers per wagon per year.[12].

The metro has 115 stations built underground; 55 superficial stations, 24 elevated stations and 1 elevated station, making up a total of 184 stations that cross Mexico City and 11 part of the State of Mexico.[13].

History

Beginnings

Large cities are characterized by road conflicts due to the high demand "Demand (economy)") for transportation and intense economic activity.[14] The Federal District began the century with approximately 540,000 inhabitants and 800 vehicles to satisfy its transportation demand. By 1953 the population had increased to 3.5 million and in 1960 the figure exceeded 4.5 million. By 1964 there was a strong trend towards 5 million inhabitants in contrast to the 7,200 public transport units that circulated through the capital (almost 40% of total trips were made in the city center).[14][15][16].

Track replacement (Metro)

Introduction

The Mexico City Metro is the metropolitan railway network "Metro (railway)") of the Mexican capital, Mexico City and its metropolitan area. Federal).[7].

History

Beginnings

Metro Master Plan

It is an instrument used to determine mobility goals to be covered by the Collective Transportation System in different future horizons. These goals represent the optimal expansions of the service according to urban development policies and execution possibilities.[14] The layout of the Metro network, from its beginnings, is done through planning of the origin-destination points, where the degree to which it is required to build a new line or expand an existing one is measured, in addition to integrating it with points of interest, work and commercial areas. These Mexico City Metro projects are carried out through the Master Plan, previously defined, serving as the guiding principle for the construction of new lines and the expansion of existing ones; these plans have suffered changes, cancellations and omissions with respect to what was planned. The demand for the metro has increased over time, so it is necessary to analyze and carry out continuity for these plans, with a new medium and long-term vision of the metro.

Bernardo Quintana Arrioja founded and chaired, in 1977, the board of directors of Constructora Metro, S. A. de C. V.,[22] which, in collaboration with the Department of the Federal District, created the Metro Master Plan that same year. The project considered the construction of 5 new lines and the expansion of the 3 lines built until that year (lines 1, 2 and 3). In total, 15 lines would be built with a total track length of 315 km.[23].

In 1985, the General Secretariat of Works of the Department of the Federal District presented through the Commission of Roads and Urban Transportation (COVITUR) the Metro Master Program version 1985 horizon 2010. In this program a total system length of 306.29 km was established that included 15 main pneumatic rolling lines, 8 feeder lines with suburban train characteristics of railway rolling and one train line. light.[14] Line B is the last route built based on the 1985 plan; Its outline represents the unification of the outlines of lines 10 and B presented in that plan.

The Road and Urban Transportation Commission transferred the coordination of the Metro and Light Train Master Plan to the Ministry of Transportation and Highways of the Federal District on January 1, 1995. On September 1, 1995, this coordination was transferred to the Collective Transportation System.[24][25].

As part of the 1995-2000 Comprehensive Transportation and Road Program of the Federal District, in August 1996, the Master Plan for the Metro and Light Trains version 1996 was released. This version included three expansion horizons of the system for the years 2003, 2009 and 2020 and, in addition, proposed a 483 km network composed of 14 pneumatic rolling lines, 3 of railway rolling and 10 light rail lines.[23][24][25][26].

The 1996 version also proposes the growth of the Network with a horizon of 2020 with a total of 15 Metro lines.[27] In March 2015, the lines that were projected and were pending construction are:

• - Line 10: Eulalia Guzmán – Cuicuilco. Metrobús Line 1 was built on the projected route.

• - Line 11: Santa Mónica – Bellas Artes "Bellas Artes (Mexico City Metro station)"). It was granted a concession, but it did not come to fruition due to neighborhood opposition.

• - Line 13: San Lázaro "San Lázaro (station)") – Naucalli Park. It has low feasibility. Part of its layout is the route of the northern route of Metrobús Line 4.

• - Line C: Cuautitlán Izcalli – El Rosario "El Rosario (station)"). Its viability is partial. The Suburban Railway of the Metropolitan Zone of the Valley of Mexico was built on part of its route.

• - Line D: Coacalco/Ojo de Agua "Ojo de Agua (Tecámac)") – Santa Clara. It would be the first line of the Mexico City Metro that would run exclusively through the State of Mexico, and that would have 3 terminal stations and a partially bifurcated route (one branch would start from Coacalco and the other, from Ojo de Agua, both at a specific station, would join to form a trunk line that would end in Santa Clara). The projected route was viable and feasible, but Lines 1, 4 (which take the trunk line and the branch to Ojo de Agua) and 2 (which takes the branch to Coacalco), of the Mexibús, were built, in addition to there are projects that would partially replace part of the route of this line such as the northern extension of line 4.

The expansions planned for the Metro are:[27].

• - Line 4: Martín Carrera "Martín Carrera (station)") – Santa Clara.

• - Line 5: Polytechnic "Polytechnic (station)") – Tlalnepantla.

• - Line 6: Martín Carrera – Villa de Aragón "Villa de Aragón (station)").

• - Line 7: Barranca del Muerto "Barranca del Muerto (station)") – San Jerónimo.

• - Line 8: Garibaldi-Lagunilla "Garibaldi-Lagunilla (station)") – Indios Verdes "Indios Verdes (metro station)").

• - Line 9: Tacubaya "Tacubaya (station)") – Observatory "Observatory (Mexico City Metro station)").

• - Line A: La Paz "La Paz (Mexico City Metro station)") – Chalco.

• - Line B: Buenavista "Buenavista (station)") – Hippodrome.

The current version of the Metro Master Plan published in 2018 with a horizon to 2030 does not contemplate the construction of any metro line, but only contemplates completing the extension of line 12 from Mixcoac "Mixcoac (station)") to Observatory and other expansions to the network which are the following:[28].

• - Line 4: Martín Carrera – Tepexpan and Santa Anita "Santa Anita (station)") – Periférico#Oriente "Periférico Ring (Valley of Mexico)").

• - Line 5: Polytechnic – Tlalnepantla.

• - Line 6: Martín Carrera – Villa de Aragón.

• - Line 8: Garibaldi-Lagunilla – La Raza "La Raza (station)") and Constitución de 1917 "Constitución de 1917 (station)") – Santa Marta "Santa Marta (station)").

• - Line 9: Tacubaya – Observatory.

• - Line A: La Paz – Chalco.

• - Line B: Buenavista – Military College "Military College (station)").

• - Line 12: Mixcoac – Observatory "Observatory (Mexico City Metro station)").

Lines

Line 1

First line to be built and inaugurated. It is made up of 20 stations and its distinctive color is Mexican pink. It is located in the center of Mexico City with an east-west direction. It has a total track length of 18.8 km, of which 16.65 km are used for passenger service and the remaining for maneuvers.[32].

The first section of the 16 stations and 12.66 km in length, Zaragoza "Zaragoza (Mexico City Metro station)")-Chapultepec "Chapultepec (station)"), was inaugurated on September 4, 1969 by Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, President of Mexico from 1964 to 1970 and by Alfonso Corona del Rosal, Regent of the Federal District from 1966 to 1970. In 1970 two more sections of the system were inaugurated: on April 11, 1970 (with 1.05 km) the section Chapultepec "Chapultepec (station)")-Juanacatlán "Juanacatlán (station)") and on November 20 the section Juanacatlán "Juanacatlán (station)")-Tacubaya "Tacubaya (station)"). Two years later, in 1972, 1.7 km were added to the line with the section Tacubaya "Tacubaya (station)")-Observatorio "Observatorio (Mexico City Metro station)"). Finally, on August 22, 1984, the Zaragoza "Zaragoza (Mexico City Metro station)")-Pantitlán "Pantitlán (station)") section (of 2.28 km) was built.[32].

It corresponds to other lines of the system: lines 7 and 9 in Tacubaya "Tacubaya (station)"); line 3 in Balderas "Balderas (station)"); line 8 in Salto del Agua "Salto del Agua (station)"); line 2 in Pino Suárez "Pino Suárez (Mexico City Metro station)"); line 4 in Candelaria "Candelaria (Mexico City Metro station)"); line B in San Lázaro "San Lázaro (station)") and lines 5, 9 and A in Pantitlán "Pantitlán (station)").[32].

The type of construction is underground except for the Observatorio station "Observatorio (Mexico City Metro station)"), whose construction is trench type; That is, it is not completely superficial, nor completely underground, due to the area where it is located. It is built under the following avenues: Camino a Belén, Arq. C. Lazo, Av. Jalisco, Gral. Pedro Antonio de los Santos, Avenida Chapultepec, Arcos de Belén, José María Izazaga, San Pablo, Carretones, Esteban Martín, Juan Pablo II, Gral. Emiliano Zapata, Av. Ing. Eduardo Molina, Calz. Ignacio Zaragoza and Río Churubusco.

Stations: Observatorio "Observatorio (Mexico City Metro station)"), Tacubaya "Tacubaya (station)"), Juanacatlán "Juanacatlán (station)"), Chapultepec "Chapultepec (station)"), Sevilla "Sevilla (Mexico City Metro station)"), Insurgentes "Insurgentes (station)"), Cuauhtémoc "Cuauhtémoc (Mexico City Metro station) Mexico City)"), Balderas "Balderas (station)"), Salto del Agua "Salto del Agua (station)"), Isabel la Católica "Isabel la Católica (station)"), Pino Suárez "Pino Suárez (Mexico City Metro station)"), Merced "Merced (station)"), Candelaria "Candelaria (Mexico City Metro station)"), San Lázaro "San Lázaro (station)"), Moctezuma "Moctezuma (station)"), Balbuena "Balbuena (station)"), Blvd. Puerto Aéreo "Boulevard Puerto Aéreo (station)"), Gómez Farías "Gómez Farías (station)"), Zaragoza "Zaragoza (Mexico City Metro station)") and Pantitlán "Pantitlán (station)").[32].

Line 2

Second line of the system to be inaugurated. It is made up of 24 stations and its distinctive color is blue. It is built in the center of Mexico City with a south-north direction from Tasqueña "Tasqueña (Mexico City Metro station)") (terminal station in the south of the city) to Zócalo/Tenochtitlan "Zócalo/Tenochtitlan (station)") and east-west direction from Allende "Allende (station)") to Cuatro Caminos "Cuatro Caminos (Mexico City Metro station)") (terminal station north of the city). It has a total track length of 23.43 km, of which 20.71 are used for passenger service and the remaining for maneuvers or maintenance.[33].

The line in its section Zócalo/Tenochtitlan "Zócalo/Tenochtitlan (station)")-Tasqueña "Tasqueña (Mexico City Metro station)") was built on the right of way of the old tram, which ran from the Zócalo "Plaza de la Constitución (Mexico City)") of Mexico City to the Historic Center of Tlalpan, south of the city.

The first section of 11 stations and 11.32 km in length, Tasqueña "Tasqueña (Mexico City Metro station)")-Pino Suárez "Pino Suárez (Mexico City Metro station)"), was inaugurated on August 1, 1970 by Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, President of Mexico from 1964 to 1970 and by Alfonso Corona del Rosal, Regent of the Federal District of 1966 to 1970. A month later, on September 14, 1970, 11 more stations were inaugurated on the Pino Suárez "Pino Suárez (Mexico City Metro station)")-Tacuba "Tacuba (station)" section (8.1 km long). On August 22, 1984, the final section from Tacuba "Tacuba (station)") to Cuatro Caminos "Cuatro Caminos (Mexico City Metro station)") was inaugurated, with 2 stations and 4.01 km in length.[33].

It corresponds to other lines of the system: line 7 in Tacuba "Tacuba (station)"); line 3 in Hidalgo "Hidalgo (station)"); line 8 at Bellas Artes "Bellas Artes (Mexico City Metro station)"); line 1 in Pino Suárez "Pino Suárez (Mexico City Metro station)"); lines 8 and 9 in Chabacano "Chabacano (station)") and line 12 in Ermita "Ermita (station)").[33].

On October 20, 1975, a train crash occurred at the Viaducto station "Viaducto (station)"): a parked train was hit by another moving one. The strong impact caused 27 deaths and several injuries. Consequently, the Collective Transportation System implemented an autopilot system; central command posts; and traffic lights to control the speed and position of trains throughout the system. Additionally, a black box was included in each train to record any incidents.[15][34].

The construction of the line is superficial from Tasqueña "Tasqueña (Mexico City Metro station)") to San Antonio Abad "San Antonio Abad (station)") and underground from Pino Suárez "Pino Suárez (Mexico City Metro station)") to Cuatro Caminos "Cuatro Caminos (Mexico City Metro station)"). It is built on the avenues: Av. Ingenieros Militares, Calz. San Bartolo Naucalpan, Calzada México-Tacuba, Ribera de San Cosme, Av. México - Tenochtitlan, Av. Hidalgo, Tacuba, Republic of Guatemala, Seminario, Av. José María Pino Suárez, Calz. San Antonio Abad, Calz. from Tlalpan, Av. Puerto Rico and Av. Taxqueña.

Line 3

Third line of the system to be inaugurated. It has 21 stations and its distinctive color is olive green. It is located in the center of Mexico City with a north-south direction. Its total track length is 23.61 km, of which 21.29 km are used for passenger transportation and the remaining for maneuvers or maintenance.[35].

The first section of 5.44 km in length and 7 stations, Tlatelolco "Tlatelolco (station)")-Hospital General "Hospital General (station)"), was inaugurated on November 20, 1970 by Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, President of Mexico from 1964 to 1970 and by Alfonso Corona del Rosal, Regent of the Federal District from 1966 to 1970. Between 1978 and 1980, during the presidency of José López Portillo y Pacheco and the regency of Carlos Hank González, the line had 4 expansions: Tlatelolco "Tlatelolco (station)")-La Raza "La Raza (station)") (August 25, 1978) with 1.39 km and 1 station; La Raza "La Raza (station)")-Indios Verdes "Indios Verdes (station)") (December 1, 1979) with 4.9 km and 3 stations; General Hospital "Hospital General (station)")-Medical Center "Centro Médico (station)") (June 7, 1980) with 823 m and 1 station and Medical Center "Centro Médico (station)")-Zapata "Zapata (station)") (August 25, 1980) with 4.5 km and 4 stations. Finally, on August 30, 1983, Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado, President of Mexico from 1982 to 1988, inaugurated the Zapata "Zapata (station)")-Universidad "Universidad (Mexico City Metro station)") section of 6.55 km with 6 stations.[35].

It corresponds to the following lines: line 6 in Deportivo 18 de Marzo "Deportivo 18 de Marzo (station)"); line 5 in La Raza "La Raza (station)"); line B in Guerrero "Guerrero (station)"); line 2 in Hidalgo "Hidalgo (station)"); line 1 in Balderas "Balderas (station)"), line 9 in Centro Médico "Centro Médico (station)") and line 12 in Zapata "Zapata (station)").[35].

The type of construction of the line is superficial in the section Indios Verdes "Indios Verdes (station)")-Potrero "Potrero (station)") and the Universidad station "Universidad (Mexico City Metro station)"). The rest of the line is underground. It is built along the lines of the avenues: Avenida de los Insurgentes Norte, Calz. Vallejo, Zoltán Kodály, Zarco, Balderas, Niño Héroes, Dr. Pasteur, Av. Cuauhtémoc, Av. Universidad, Av. Copilco, Pedro Henríquez Ureña and Av. Antonio Delfín Madrigal.

Stations: Indios Verdes "Indios Verdes (station)"), Deportivo 18 de Marzo "Deportivo 18 de Marzo (station)"), Potrero "Potrero (station)"), La Raza "La Raza (station)"), Tlatelolco "Tlatelolco (station)"), Guerrero "Guerrero (station)"), Hidalgo "Hidalgo (station)"), Juárez "Juárez (station)"), Balderas "Balderas (station)"), Children Heroes "Children Heroes (station)"), General Hospital "Hospital General (station)"), Medical Center "Medical Center (station)"), Ethiopia-Plaza de la Transparency "Etiopia-Plaza de la transparency (station)"), Eugenia "Eugenia (station)"), Northern Division "Northern Division" (Mexico City Metro station)"), Zapata "Zapata (station)"), Coyoacán "Coyoacán (station)"), Viveros-Human Rights "Viveros-Human Rights (station)"), Miguel Ángel de Quevedo "Miguel Ángel de Quevedo (station)"), Copilco "Copilco (station)") and Universidad "Universidad (Mexico City Metro station)").[35]

Line 4

Fourth line of the system to be inaugurated. It is made up of 10 stations and its graphic identity uses the color aqua green. Its route runs through the center of Mexico City in a north-south direction. It has a total track length of 10.75 km, of which 9.36 km are used for passenger service, the remainder is used for maneuvers.[36].

It was inaugurated in two sections by José López Portillo y Pacheco, President of Mexico from 1976 to 1982: Martín Carrera "Martín Carrera (station)")-Candelaria "Candelaria (Mexico City Metro station)") on August 29, 1981 (7.5 km and 7 stations) and Candelaria "Candelaria (Mexico City Metro station)")-Santa Anita "Santa Anita (station)") on May 26, 1982 (3.25 km and 3 stations).[36].

It corresponds to the following lines: line 6 in Martín Carrera "Martín Carrera (station)"); line 5 in Consulate "Consulate (station)"); line B in Morelos "Morelos (station)"); line 1 in Candelaria "Candelaria (Mexico City Metro station)"); line 9 in Jamaica "Jamaica (station)") and line 8 in Santa Anita "Santa Anita (station)").[36].

According to statistics from the Collective Transportation System, it is considered a line with low passenger influx. For this reason, 6-car trains are used.[37].

It was the first line to use the elevated viaduct solution. Only the Martín Carrera "Martín Carrera (station)" and Candelaria "Candelaria (Mexico City Metro station)" stations are surface-type. It is built on the avenues: Ferrocarril Hidalgo and Av. Congreso de la Unión.

Stations: Martín Carrera "Martín Carrera (station)"), Talismán "Talismán (station)"), Bondojito "Bondojito (station)"), Consulate "Consulate (station)"), Canal del Norte "Canal del Norte (station)"), Morelos "Morelos (station)"), Candelaria-Palacio Legislativo "Candelaria (Mexico City Metro station)"), Fray Servando "Fray Servando (station)"), Jamaica "Jamaica (station)") and Santa Anita "Santa Anita (station)").[36].

Line 5

Fifth line to be inaugurated. It is made up of 13 stations and its distinctive color is yellow. Its route runs through the east and north-west of Mexico City. It has a total track length of 15.67 km, of which 14.43 km are used for passenger service and the remainder is used for maneuvers.[38].

The first section inaugurated was Pantitlán "Pantitlán (station)")-Consulate "Consulate (station)"), on December 19, 1981; It had a length of 9.15 km and 7 stations. It was inaugurated during the presidential six-year term (1976 to 1982) of José López Portillo y Pacheco. The expansion works continued towards the northwest of Mexico City and seven months later, on July 1, 1982, the section between the stations La Raza "La Raza (station)") and Consulado "Consulate (station)") was inaugurated, thus accumulating 12.24 km of track and 10 stations. Finally, on August 30, 1982, the section was inaugurated, with a length of 3.43 km, La Raza "La Raza (station)")-Politécnico "Politécnico (station)").[38].

It corresponds to other lines in: line 6 in the Petroleum Institute "Petroleum Institute (station)"); line 3 in La Raza "La Raza (station)"); line 4 in Consulate "Consulate (station)"); line B in Oceanía "Oceanía (station)") and with lines 1, 9 and A in Pantitlán "Pantitlán (station)").[32][38].

This line has the particularity of having the largest number of connecting tracks with almost all the lines with which it corresponds, serving as a route for the trains whose maintenance is carried out in the Ticomán "Indios Verdes (station)"), Zaragoza "Zaragoza (Mexico City Metro station)") and El Rosario "El Rosario (station)" workshops.

The type of construction is superficial between the stations Politécnico "Politécnico (station)") to La Raza "La Raza (station)"), Consulado "Consulate (station)") to Oceanía "Oceanía (station)") and the Pantitlán station "Pantitlán (station)"); It is underground from Misterios "Misterios (station)") to Valle Gómez "Valle Gómez (station)") and Air Terminal "Aerial Terminal (station)") to Hangares "Hangares (station)"). The line is built on the avenues: Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas, Av. 100 Metros, Paganini, Av. Río Consulado, Blvd. Puerto Aéreo, Mexican Air Force, Miguel Lebrija and Talleres Graphicos.

Stations: Politécnico "Politécnico (station)"), Petroleum Institute "Petroleum Institute (station)"), Autobuses del Norte "Autobuses del Norte (station)"), La Raza "La Raza (station)"), Misterios "Misterios (station)"), Valle Gómez "Valle Gómez (station)"), Consulate "Consulate (station)"), Eduardo Molina "Eduardo Molina (station)"), Aragón "Aragón (station)"), Oceanía "Oceanía (station)"), Air Terminal "Aerial Terminal (station)"), Hangares "Hangares (station)") and Pantitlán "Pantitlán (station)").[38].

Line 6

Sixth line to be built. It is made up of 11 stations and its distinctive color is red. It is located north of Mexico City in an east-west direction. Its total track length is 13.95 km, of which 11.43 km are used for passenger service and the remainder is used for maneuvers.[39].

The El Rosario section "El Rosario (station)")-Instituto del Petróleo "Instituto del Petróleo (station)"), of 9.26 km and 7 stations, was inaugurated on December 21, 1983 by Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado, President of Mexico from 1982 to 1988. Finally, on July 8, 1986, 4.68 km and 4 stations were inaugurated further (from Instituto del Petróleo "Instituto del Petróleo (station)") to Martín Carrera "Martín Carrera (station)")) towards the east of the city.[39].

It corresponds to other lines: line 7 in El Rosario "El Rosario (station)"); line 5 in Petroleum Institute "Petroleum Institute (station)"); line 3 in Deportivo 18 de Marzo "Deportivo 18 de Marzo (station)") and line 4 in Martín Carrera "Martín Carrera (station)").[39].

According to statistics from the Collective Transportation System, it is considered a line with low passenger influx. For this reason, 6-car trains are used.[37].

The type of construction is superficial for the El Rosario station "El Rosario (station)"); The rest of the line is underground. It is built on the avenues: Tierra Colorada, Av Aquiles Serdán, Av. Ahuehuetes, Avenida Esperanza, Refinería Azcapotzalco, Antigua Calz. from Guadalupe, Calz. Azcapotzalco La Villa, Poniente 134, Ricarte, Collector 13, Ricarte and Alberto Herrera.

Stations: El Rosario "El Rosario (station)"), Tezozómoc "Tezozómoc (station)"), UAM-Azcapotzalco "UAM-Azcapotzalco (station)"), Ferrería/Arena Ciudad de México "Ferrería/Arena Ciudad de México (station)"), Norte 45 "Norte 45 (station)"), Vallejo "Vallejo (station)"), Instituto del Petróleo "Instituto del Petróleo (station)"), Lindavista "Lindavista (station)"), Deportivo 18 de Marzo "Deportivo 18 de Marzo (station)"), La Villa-Basilica "La Villa-Basilica (station)") and Martín Carrera "Martín Carrera (station)").[39].

Line 7

It was the seventh line of the system to be inaugurated. It is made up of 14 stations and its distinctive color is orange "Orange (color)"). Its route is located to the west of Mexico City in a north-south direction. It has a total track length of 18.78 km, of which 17.01 km are used for passenger service and the remainder is used for maneuvers.[40].

The line was inaugurated in 4 sections during the presidential term (1982-1988) of Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado: Tacuba "Tacuba (station)")-Auditorio "Auditorio (Mexico City Metro station)"), on December 20, 1984, with 5.42 km and 4 stations; Auditorium "Auditorio (Mexico City Metro station)")-Tacubaya "Tacubaya (station)"), on August 22, 1985, with 2.73 km and 2 stations; Tacubaya "Tacubaya (station)")-Barranca del Muerto "Barranca del Muerto (station)"), on December 19, 1985, with 5.04 km and 4 stations; Tacuba "Tacuba (station)")-El Rosario "El Rosario (station)"), on November 29, 1988, with 5.59 km and 4 stations.[40].

It corresponds to other lines: line 6 in El Rosario "El Rosario (station)"), line 2 in Tacuba "Tacuba (station)"); lines 1, 9 in Tacubaya "Tacubaya (station)") and line 12 in Mixcoac "Mixcoac (station)").[40].

The outline of the line was projected at the foot of the foothills of the Sierra de las Cruces, an area that is at a higher altitude than Mexico City. To compensate for the variation in altitudes, it was decided to build the line 35 m below the surface using two techniques: Austrian method and shield excavator. The technique requires the use of prefabricated concrete segments to stabilize the tunnel (the lower segments support the rails and the "Tension (electricity)" tension feeder bar). Due to the use of these techniques, the use of ballast was dispensed with.[41][42][43].

The El Rosario terminal station "El Rosario (station)") is the only surface-type station on the entire line. The line is built under the avenues: Tierra Colorada, Av. Aquiles Serdán, Av. Ferrocarriles Nacionales, Golfo de Aden, Lago Chiem, Lago Helmar, Av. Río San Joaquín, Lago Onega, Arquímedes, Calz. Chivatito, Calz. Molino del Rey, Av. Parque Lira, Puente de la Morena and Av. Revolución.

Stations: El Rosario "El Rosario (station)"), Aquiles Serdán "Aquiles Serdán (station)"), Camarones "Camarones (station)"), Refinería "Refinería (station)"), Tacuba "Tacuba (station)"), San Joaquín "San Joaquín (Mexico City Metro station)"), Polanco "Polanco (station)"), Auditorium "Auditorio (Mexico City Metro station)"), Constituciónntes "Constituciónntes (station)"), Tacubaya "Tacubaya (station)"), San Pedro de los Pinos "San Pedro de los Pinos (station)"), San Antonio "San Antonio (Mexico City Metro station)"), Mixcoac "Mixcoac (station)") and Barranca del Muerto "Barranca del Muerto (station)").[40]

Line 8

It was the tenth route of the network to be inaugurated. It is made up of 19 stations and its distinctive color is green. Its route is located in the center and southeast of Mexico City. It has an east-west direction between the stations Constitución de 1917 "Constitución de 1917 (station)") and Atlalilco "Atlalilco (station)"), and a north-south direction between Escuadrón 201 "Escuadrón 201 (station)") and Garibaldi-Lagunilla "Garibaldi-Lagunilla (station)"). It has a total track length of 20.08 km, of which 17.68 km are used for passenger service and the remainder is used for maneuvers.[44].

The Collective Transportation System calls the Fifth Stage of the Metro the interval between the years 1988 and 1994. During this stage, the route from the Indios Verdes station "Indios Verdes (station)") to the Constitucionalista Army neighborhood was planned, passing through the Historic Center of Mexico City.[14][45] Under the argument of the possible damage that viceregal and pre-Hispanic buildings would suffer, present in the first square of the city, the layout and start date of the work were modified, being inaugurated in 1994, 3 years after Line A.[46].

On July 20, 1994, it was inaugurated by Carlos Salinas de Gortari, president of Mexico from 1988 to 1994, and Manuel Aguilera Gómez, Regent of the Federal District from 1993 to 1994.[44].

It corresponds to other lines in: line 12 in Atlalilco "Atlalilco (station)"); line 4 in Santa Anita "Santa Anita (station)"); lines 2 and 9 in Chabacano "Chabacano (station)"); line 1 in Salto del Agua "Salto del Agua (station)"); line 2 in Bellas Artes "Bellas Artes (Mexico City Metro station)") and line B in Garibaldi-Lagunilla "Garibaldi-Lagunilla (station)").[44]

The type of construction is superficial in the section Aculco "Aculco (station)")-Coyuya "Coyuya (station)") and the Constitución de 1917 "Constitución de 1917 (station)" station); The rest of the line is underground. The line is built on the following avenues: Av. Paseo de la Reforma (only Garibaldi-Lagunilla station "Garibaldi-Lagunilla (station)"), Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas, Juan A. Mateos, Prol. José Tomás Cuellar, Calz. de la Viga, Viaducto, Coyuya "Coyuya (station)"), Hidalgo, Centeno, Violeta, Francisco del Paso and Troncoso, Avenida 5 and Av. Ermita Iztapalapa.

Stations: Garibaldi-Lagunilla "Garibaldi-Lagunilla (station)"), Bellas Artes "Bellas Artes (Mexico City Metro station)"), San Juan de Letrán "San Juan de Letrán (station)"), Salto del Agua "Salto del Agua (station)"), Doctores "Doctores (station)"), Obrera "Obrera (station)"), Chabacano "Chabacano (station)"), La Viga "La Viga (station)"), Santa Anita "Santa Anita (station)"), Coyuya "Coyuya (station)"), Iztacalco "Iztacalco (station)"), Apatlaco "Apatlaco (station)"), Aculco "Aculco (station)"), Escuadrón 201 "Escuadrón 201 (station)"), Atlalilco "Atlalilco (station)"), Iztapalapa "Iztapalapa (station)"), Cerro de la Estrella "Cerro de la Estrella (station)"), UAM-I "UAM-I (station)") and Constitución de 1917 "Constitución de 1917 (station)").[44].

Line 9

It was the eighth line to be built and inaugurated. It is made up of 12 stations and its distinctive color is brown. Its route is located in the center of Mexico City with an east-west direction. It has a track length of 15.37 km, of which 13.03 km are used for passenger service and the remainder is used for maneuvers.[47].

The first section inaugurated, Pantitlán "Pantitlán (station)")-Medical Center "Medical Center (station)"), on August 26, 1987 had a length of 11.67 km and 9 stations; It was inaugurated during the presidential term (1982-1988) of Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado. The second section was inaugurated on August 29, 1988, from the Medical Center "Centro Médico (station)") to Tacubaya "Tacubaya (station)"), with a length of 3.71 km and 3 stations.[47].

It corresponds to other lines: lines 1 and 7 in Tacubaya "Tacubaya (station)"); line 3 in Medical Center "Medical Center (station)"); lines 2 and 8 in Chabacano "Chabacano (station)"); line 4 in Jamaica "Jamaica (station)") and lines 1, 5 and A in Pantitlán "Pantitlán (station)").[47].

The type of construction is underground in the Tacubaya "Tacubaya (station)")-Mixiuhca "Mixiuhca (station)" section. From Velodromo "Velódromo (station)") to Pantitlán "Pantitlán (station)") is an elevated viaduct. The line is built on the avenues: José Martí, Gral. Francisco Murguía, Benjamin Franklin, Av. Baja California, Av. Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto, José Peón Contreras, Calzada Chabacano "Chabacano (station)"), Av. Morelos, Viaducto and Río Churubusco.

Stations: Tacubaya "Tacubaya (station)"), Patriotismo "Patriotismo (station)"), Chilpancingo "Chilpancingo (station)"), Centro Médico "Centro Médico (station)"), Lázaro Cárdenas "Lázaro Cárdenas (Mexico City Metro station)"), Chabacano "Chabacano (station)"), Jamaica "Jamaica (station)"), Mixiuhca "Mixiuhca (station)"), Velodrome "Velódrome (station)"), Ciudad Deportiva "Ciudad Deportiva (station)"), Puebla "Puebla (station)") and Pantitlán "Pantitlán (station)").

Line 12

Twelfth line to be built and inaugurated. It is made up of 20 stations and its distinctive color is gold "Gold (color)"). It is located south of Mexico City with an east-west direction. It has a total track length of 24.5 km, of which 20.28 km are used for passenger service and the remaining for maneuvers, which makes it the longest metro line, followed by lines 3 and B. It is also the second line in the network (along with Line A) to use railway running trains fed by catenary; However, it is the only line in the entire system that does not have a service track or link to other lines, because it operates with a potential difference greater than 750 VDC"); thus, the trains that circulate on it are not received in the workshops of El Rosario "El Rosario (station)"), but directly in the workshops of the Tláhuac station "Tláhuac (station)"), in which the trains of said line are exclusively served.

It was inaugurated on October 30, 2012 by Marcelo Ebrard Casaubón, Head of Government of the Federal District from 2006 to 2012 and Felipe Calderón Hinojosa, President of Mexico from 2006 to 2012.[48].

The line was completely out of service since May 2021, with the Mixcoac-Atlalilco section reopened on January 15, 2023, due to a collapse, in which a girder that held the track box collapsed and fell along with a train that was circulating on it, between the Tezonco "Tezonco (station)" and Olivos "Olivos (station)" stations.

It corresponds to other lines of the system: line 7 in Mixcoac "Mixcoac (station)"); line 3 in Zapata "Zapata (station)"); line 2 in Ermita "Ermita (station)") and line 8 in Atlalilco "Atlalilco (station)").

The type of construction is underground in the form of a deep tunnel from the Mixcoac station "Mixcoac (station)") to the Mexicaltzingo station "Mexicaltzingo (Mexico City Metro station)"); underground caisson in Atlalilco "Atlalilco (station)"); of elevated viaduct between the stations Culhuacán "Culhuacán (station)") and Zapotitlán "Zapotitlán (station)") and surface viaduct between Tlaltenco "Tlaltenco (station)") and Tláhuac "Tláhuac (station)"), being the only line in the entire network to use all four possible types of construction. The line is built on: Av. Benvenuto Cellini, Av. Extremadura, Av. Félix Cuevas, Av. Municipio Libre, Av. División del Norte, Av. Popocatépetl, Calzada Ermita-Iztapalapa, Av. Tláhuac and the Terromotitla ejido.[49].

On July 8, 2015, the Government of the Federal District announced that the consortium made up of Promotora y Desarrollodora Mexicana, Proacon and Desarrollo de Terracería won the tender to build the extension of line 12 from the Mixcoac station to the Observatorio station on line 1. The section will have a length of 3.5 km and three stations will be built: Valentín Campa, Álvaro Obregón and Observatorio. Work began in February 2017 and it is believed that the first stage of construction of this expansion will be completed in September 2017.[50][51][52].

Line A

Ninth line of the system to be inaugurated. It is made up of 10 stations and its distinctive color is purple. Its route is located southeast of Mexico City with a predominant east-west direction. It has a track length of 17.19 km, of which 14.89 km are used for passenger service and the remainder is used for maneuvers. It was the first line in the system to use catenary-fed railway running trains, which originally consisted of 6 cars. For this reason it is also known as Metro Férreo or Metro Ligero.[53][54][55].

It was inaugurated by Carlos Salinas de Gortari, President of Mexico from 1988 to 1994, Ignacio Pichardo Pagaza, Governor of the State of Mexico from 1989 to 1993 and Manuel Camacho Solís, Regent of the Federal District from 1988 to 1993, on August 12, 1991.[53][55].

It corresponds to lines 1, 5 and 9 at the Pantitlán station "Pantitlán (station)").

Until December 12, 2013, if you wanted to transfer to lines 1, 5 or 9 from line A, or vice versa, you had to buy one more ticket or cover the equivalent cost with the reloadable card of the Collective Transportation System.[53] As of December 13, 2013, the payment of this extra ticket was eliminated.

In 1985, the defunct Road and Urban Transportation Commission (COVITUR), dependent on the General Secretariat of Works of the Federal District, announced the Horizon 2010 Metro Master Program. In this version it was determined to build 8 feeder lines whose particular characteristic would be a transition between the conventional Metro "Metro (railway)") and a suburban railway.[55] The transition would consist of: designing railway running trains of six wagons (with the possibility of increasing up to nine); of dimensions similar to those with pneumatic treads used in the system since 1969; would take by means of a pantograph "Pantograph (railway)") the voltage "Voltage (electricity)") supplied by a catenary "Catenary (railway)"); Given its function as a feeder line, as it extends to suburban areas in the State of Mexico, one more ticket should be purchased to board the main lines (Metro lines with a predominant route in the center of Mexico City) and to distinguish them from the main ones, nomenclature by letters would be used.[14][54][55].

Of the feeder lines project, only line A was built (with a modification in its eastern section). In subsequent revisions of the Metro Master Plan, it was considered to replace the feeder lines with light rail lines or by expansions of the existing pneumatic rolling lines.

This line has the particularity of having a link road to the Zaragoza major maintenance workshops "Zaragoza (Mexico City Metro station)"), which runs superficially (at street level) and without a reserved platform through the Calz. Ignacio Zaragoza crossing the Río de la Piedad Viaduct"); however, the maintenance of its trains is carried out exclusively in the La Paz workshops "La Paz (Mexico City Metro station)").

Line B

Eleventh line to open. It is made up of 21 stations and is the only one in the system to use two colors in its graphic identity: green and gray. Its route is located in the center and northeast of Mexico City with an east-west direction from Buenavista "Buenavista (station)") to San Lázaro "San Lázaro (station)") and a south-north direction from Ricardo Flores Magón "Ricardo Flores Magón (station)") to Ciudad Azteca "Ciudad Azteca (station)"). It has a total track length of 23.72 km, of which 20.28 km are used for passenger service and the remainder is used for maneuvers.[56].

The line was inaugurated in 2 sections: the first section inaugurated by Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León, President of Mexico from 1994 to 2000, and Rosario Robles Berlanga, Head of Government of the Federal District from 1999-2000 was Buenavista "Buenavista (station)")-Villa de Aragón "Villa de Aragón (station)"), on December 15, 1999 (from 12.14 km and 13 stations). The second section, Villa de Aragón "Villa de Aragón (station)")-Ciudad Azteca "Ciudad Azteca (station)"), inaugurated on November 30, 2000, added 11.58 km and 8 stations to the line.[56].

It corresponds to other lines in: line 3 in Guerrero "Guerrero (station)"), line 8 in Garibaldi-Lagunilla "Garibaldi-Lagunilla (station)"), line 4 in Morelos "Morelos (station)"), line 1 in San Lázaro "San Lázaro (station)") and line 5 in Oceanía "Oceanía (station)").

In 1985, the Horizon 2010 Metro Master Program proposed the route of line 10 from the Irrigación neighborhood, in the Miguel Hidalgo district "Miguel Hidalgo (Federal District)"), to the Villa de Aragón neighborhood on the limits of the Gustavo A. Madero district "Gustavo A. Madero (Federal District)") and the municipality of Nezahualcóyotl "Nezahualcóyotl (Mexico)") (State of Mexico). To feed this line it would be necessary to build a feeder line similar to line A that would start from the Villa de Aragón neighborhood towards the Ciudad Azteca neighborhood (in the State of Mexico).[14][57] Line B represents the unification of both lines, with modifications in its western route.[58].

From the Buenavista terminal "Buenavista (station)") to the Morelos station "Morelos (station)") the line is underground. The line travels via elevated viaduct from San Lázaro "San Lázaro (station)") to Oceanía "Oceanía (station)"). From Deportivo Oceanía "Deportivo Oceanía (station)") to the Ciudad Azteca terminal "Ciudad Azteca (station)") the line is superficial. The line is built on the avenues: Mosqueta, Ignacio López Rayón, Héroe de Granaditas, Av. del Trabajo, Albañiles, Av. Ing. Eduardo Molina, Artilleros, Oceanía, Av. 608 and Av. Central.

Stations: Buenavista "Buenavista (station)"), Guerrero "Guerrero (station)"), Garibaldi-Lagunilla "Garibaldi-Lagunilla (station)"), Lagunilla "Lagunilla (station)"), Tepito "Tepito (station)"), Morelos "Morelos (station)"), San Lázaro "San Lázaro (station)"), Ricardo Flores Magón "Ricardo Flores Magón (station)"), Romero Rubio "Romero Rubio (station)"), Oceanía "Oceanía (station)"), Deportivo Oceanía "Deportivo Oceanía (station)"), Bosque de Aragón "Bosque de Aragón (station)"), Villa de Aragón "Villa de Aragón (station)"), Nezahualcóyotl "Nezahualcóyotl (station)"), Impulsora "Impulsora (station)"), Río de los Remedios "Río de los Remedios (station)"), Múzquiz "Múzquiz (station)"), Ecatepec "Ecatepec (station)"), Olímpica "Olímpica (station)"), Plaza Aragón "Plaza Aragón (station)") and Ciudad Azteca "Ciudad Azteca (station)").[56].

Corporate identity

The corporate identity of the Collective Transportation System was created by American graphic designer Lance Wyman. For Wyman, creating wayfinding involves making reference to the history, culture and essence of the place; In addition, it provides users with information and guidance in a clear way with the aim of making them find their way.[64] Wyman's first contribution is the organization's logo and typography: the letter m in orange with round edges on a black background with the upper right corner rounded. The logo is inspired[65] by the first three lines of the system in its vertical bars and a train circulating in the upper curved bar. According to Wyman:

Subsequently, the team made up of Wyman, Arturo Quiñónez") and Francisco Gallardo&action=edit&redlink=1 "Francisco Gallardo (artist) (not yet written)") designed the iconography of lines 1, 2 and 3. Finally, that same team designed the iconography for system services (entrance, exit, no smoking signs, platforms, etc.), a commemorative coin and a postal stamp. These activities were carried out between the years 1968 and 1971.[66] Wyman was also in charge of the iconography of the Mexico 68 Olympics.

Each line is assigned a distinctive color and the station icons do not represent random figures; In each one the concept of wayfinding applied by Wyman is clearly observed:[67].

• - Reference sites where the stations are located (for example, Salto del Agua "Salto del Agua (station)"));

• - Toponymy (for example, Coyoacán "Coyoacán (station)")) and.

• - The history of the course (for example, General Anaya "General Anaya (station)")).

"Much of the information needed to understand and design the station icons came directly from those people who lived in the areas where the stations were located," Wyman noted.[68]

This idea has been extended to other existing public passenger transportation systems in Mexico City: Mexico City Light Rail, Metrobús "Metrobús (Mexico City)") and Suburban Railway of the Metropolitan Zone of the Valley of Mexico.

Rates and payment systems

Contenido

Desde el 13 de diciembre de 2013 el costo de un viaje tiene valor de $ 5.00 (€; 0.25 o USD; 0.27 aproximadamente, en la actualidad).[69][70].

Para cubrir el costo de un viaje es necesario comprar un boleto de papel (con un costo de $ 5.00) o bien, comprar una tarjeta recargable. La tarjeta recargable tiene un valor de $ 15.00 (€; 0.74 o USD; 0.80 aproximadamente, en la actualidad), pero no incluye ningún viaje, por lo que el usuario tendrá que cargarla por un mínimo de $ 5.00 o un máximo de $ 120.00 (€; 5.90 o USD; 6.40 aproximadamente, en la actualidad).[70][71] El 25 de mayo de 2017, el Gobierno de Ciudad de México firmó un acuerdo con MasterCard, con la firma de este acuerdo se podrá hacer uso de tarjetas de débito o crédito de tarjetas emitidas por la compañía financiera. [1].

El servicio es gratuito para niños menores de 5 años, adultos mayores de 60 años, discapacitados, jóvenes pertenecientes al Instituto Mexicano de la Juventud (IMJUVE) y policías.[70].

Un viaje es válido para trasladarse por toda la red como requiera el usuario en un viaje continuo, esto es, no se cobran adicionalmente los transbordos.[72].

smart card

With the aim of speeding up access to stations and gradually eliminating the use of paper tickets, the use of smart cards was introduced as a payment method.

During June 2006, 12,000 cards were sold to the general public, costing $300.00 (€; 14.90 or USD; approximately 16.08, currently and equivalent to 150 trips). Three months later, in September 2006, 5,500 cards were sold, costing $200.00 (€; 9.93 or USD; approximately 10.72 today and equivalent to 100 trips). During 2006 and 2007, only two turnstiles per station were enabled for access with this charging system. The card was only recharged at the stations: Zaragoza, Chapultepec, Zócalo, Hidalgo and Universidad. In 2007, the modernization of the turnstiles and ticket offices at all stations in the system began. This modernization consisted of placing reading/writing devices for the use of RFID-Mifare technology, used in smart cards. On February 27, 2008, they began to be sold regularly at ticket offices with a value of $10.00, not including any travel, so the user will have to charge it at ticket offices.[70][71].

On March 6, 2008, the Head of Government of the Federal District, Marcelo Ebrard Casaubón, formally announced the collection of fares with this system. Through the use of the smart card, the gradual disappearance of the use of paper tickets is planned. An approximate savings of $67,000,000 is estimated by reducing the circulation of paper tickets with magnetic emulsion and maintenance of turnstiles.[73].

On October 17, 2012, the so-called Federal District Card came into operation, which can be used to access the Metro, the Metrobús "Metrobús (Mexico City)") and the Light Rail. The objective of this multimodal card is to have a single device that allows payment for different types of public transportation in Mexico City.[74].

In November 2017, the Government of Mexico City, together with the banking company Broxel Fintech") and the credit institution Master Card, implemented the Metro Card, a card with dual functionality, since it can be used both to access public transportation and to pay in any business that accepts a card. For this, a special plastic was designed with two Mifare RFID type chips"), exclusive for the subscription and payment of public transportation (in this case, the Metro, with a fixed limit of $ 120.00, similar to common cards, but in the future it is expected to be compatible with the Metrobús and other systems that use a smart card), a traditional EMV" chip and a magnetic stripe for banking transactions. The balances for both transportation and banking use are independent, and the user must register the card on the Broxel company website or in the app available for Android smartphones, in order to obtain a debit account and, later, also receive approvals for lines of credit. The cost of the plastic is $ 15.00 ($10.00, for the bank account balance, and $5.00, for the Metro balance). Initially, it was available on a limited basis in the stations of line 7; however, it is planned to gradually sell this new payment method in all stations of the network.[75].

On October 16, 2019, the Ministry of Mobility of Mexico City announces the Integrated Mobility Card as part of the Integrated Mobility network plan of Mexico City. This card consists of charging for the trip of the transportation systems belonging to the Integrated Mobility system, which include the Metrobús, the Electric Transportation Service, the Passenger Transportation Network, the Cablebús "Cablebús (Mexico City)"), and to Ecobici "Ecobici (Mexico City)"). In the first stage, it was implemented in transportation that already accepted the CDMX card, and the cards that were not recharged at authorized points in November 2019 were canceled. Subsequently, the CDMX card stopped working on January 31, 2020, for its subsequent implementation in the rest of the transportation systems in Mexico City.[76].

vehicle park

El parque vehicular está formado por trenes de rodadura férrea y neumática. En total, cuenta con 390 trenes: 321 trenes de rodadura neumática de caucho (321 de nueve carros y 29 de seis) y 27 trenes de rodadura férrea de 6 carros, 12 trenes de rodadura férrea de 9 carros y 30 trenes de rodadura férrea de 7 carros (en Línea 12). En su construcción destacan las empresas Alstom S.A.; Bombardier, Inc.; Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF); y Constructora Nacional de Carros de Ferrocarril S.A. de C.V..[83] Los primeros trenes denominados MP-68 fueron diseñados por Roger Tallon, diseñador industrial francés, por encargo de la empresa CIMT.[84].

La distribución de los trenes por líneas es de la siguiente manera:[85].

• - Línea 1: 49 trenes.

• - Línea 2: 40 trenes.

• - Línea 3: 50 trenes.

• - Línea 4: 12 trenes.

• - Línea 5: 25 trenes.

• - Línea 6: 17 trenes.

• - Línea 7: 33 trenes.

• - Línea 8: 30 trenes.

• - Línea 9: 29 trenes.

• - Línea 12: 30 trenes.

• - Línea A: 39 trenes.

• - Línea B: 36 trenes.

El sistema utiliza un ancho de vía de 1435 mm (estándar). Los trenes de rodadura neumática además de emplear este ancho de vía necesitan una superficie de rodamiento para los neumáticos. Esta superficie de rodamiento tiene un ancho de vía de 1993 mm. La tensión "Tensión (electricidad)") a la cual operan todos los trenes (férreos y neumáticos, excepto Línea 12, cuyo voltaje es de 1.5 kV) es de CC a 750 V "Tensión (electricidad)"). Los trenes de rodadura neumática obtienen la tensión necesaria por medio de barras guía colocadas a los costados de la superficie de rodamiento. Los trenes de rodadura férrea poseen un pantógrafo en la parte superior para recibir la tensión suministrada por medio de una catenaria "Catenaria (ferrocarril)").[86][87].

Existen cuatro tipos de carros en un tren del metro: carro motriz con cabina de conducción (M), carro motriz sin cabina (N), carro remolque (R) y carro remolque con el equipo de pilotaje automático (PR). La configuración para trenes de 9 y 6 carros –de rodadura neumática o férrea– es: M-R-N-N-PR-N-N-R-M y M-R-N-N-PR-M.[88].

Algunas características significativas de los trenes se muestran en la siguiente tabla:[89][90][91].

Los trenes de rodadura neumática, del modelo MP-68 al modelo NE-92, se caracterizan por su peculiar color naranja "Naranja (color)") intenso. Este esquema de pintura sufrió cambios a partir del año 2002 debido al programa de modernización del parque vehicular (elaborado por técnicos del Sistema de Transporte Colectivo). A los trenes rehabilitados les fueron pintadas, en color gris, discretas franjas a los costados así como la parte frontal de la cabina.[92] El modelo NM-02, construido por el consorcio Bombardier Transportation México-CAF, también presenta cambios en la cromática: la mitad superior en color naranja "Naranja (color)") y la mitad inferior en color blanco.[87].

Los trenes de rodadura férrea modelo FM-86 son de color blanco con discretas franjas color naranja en los costados. En 1995, el consorcio Bombardier-CAF comenzó la construcción del modelo FM-95. Por primera vez en la historia del Metro de la Ciudad de México el gobierno del Distrito Federal convocó a la población, por medio de un concurso, para decidir los colores del modelo FM-95. El diseño ganador dotó al nuevo modelo un color azul intenso con motivos en color naranja.[86].

La tabla siguiente muestra el modelo, constructora y patente de los diversos trenes que circulan por el sistema. El número que forma parte de la nomenclatura del modelo indica el año de la firma del convenio para su construcción:[83][93].

Algunos de los modelos han entrado en un programa de rehabilitación para prolongar su vida útil de servicio. La tabla siguiente muestra los modelos y la compañía a cargo de la rehabilitación:[83][94].

Maintenance workshops

The Collective Transportation System has ten maintenance workshops, eight are systematic maintenance and two are major maintenance. The trains undergo systematic maintenance every 10,000 kilometers, at least once a month. For major maintenance, the trains enter every 500,000 km. approximately every 5 years.

The systematic workshops are distributed by lines as follows: Zaragoza (line 1 and 5), Tasqueña (line 2), Rosario (line 4, 6 and 7), Ticomán (line 3 and 5), Ciudad Azteca (line B), La Paz (line A), Tláhuac (line 12), Constitución de 1917 (line 8), these workshops serve daily trains. There is the Ticomán Major Maintenance Workshop, which serves the NM79 and NM83 models, the other models (except railway) are served by the Zaragoza Major Maintenance Workshop.

System expansion proposals

2007-2012

During the government of Marcelo Ebrard Casaubón, various proposals were submitted to feasibility studies to continue with the expansion of the Metro network. The proposals, which were known from 2007, considered:[100][101][102][103].

• - Extend line B to the Colegio Militar station "Colegio Militar (station)") on line 2.

• - Expand line 4 of Santa Anita "Santa Anita (station)") towards the Central de Abastos of Mexico City, along Apatlaco Avenue.

• - Take line 8 to La Raza station "La Raza (station)"), from lines 3 and 5.

• - Extend line 7 to the south of Barranca del Muerto "Barranca del Muerto (station)") towards Av. San Jerónimo.

• - Extend line 1 to the Lomas de Santa Fe neighborhood "Santa Fe (Federal District)").

• - Expand line 12 by 1.5 km towards the west. This expansion would reach Alta Tensión Avenue.

2013-2018

During the administration of Miguel Ángel Mancera the proposals were the following:

• - Expand line 12 from the Mixcoac station towards the upper area of the Álvaro Obregón district or towards the Observatorio station on line 1.[104].

• - Expand line A by 13.2 km towards the municipality of Chalco "Chalco (municipality)"), in the state of Mexico.[105].

• - Expand line 9 from Tacubaya station to Observatorio station on line 1.[106].

• - Expand line 4 towards Ecatepec, a municipality in the State of Mexico.[107].

2018

The current Head of Government Claudia Sheinbaum has proposed mass passenger transportation between the Constitución de 1917 station (line 8) and the municipality of Ixtapaluca in the State of Mexico. One of the options to implement this transportation corridor considers the extension of metro line 8 to connect it with line A at the Santa Marta station.[108][109].

2020-2040

On October 1, 2020, the General Development Plan of Mexico City was released, in its 2020 version with a horizon to 2040. In this plan, the growth proposal is made for the transportation of Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area, including the Metro network, revealing 8 expansion proposals for existing lines and 4 new corridors for new lines of this system.[110][111].

The expansion proposals presented in this plan are the following:

• - Expansion of line 4: This corridor intends to start from the current Santa Anita terminal to the vicinity of the Xochimilco sports complex, this on parts of Eje 2 Oriente, Avenida Prolongación División del Norte and Avenida Francisco Goitia.

• - Extension of line 5: Starting from the current Politécnico terminal until connecting with the Tlalnepantla suburban train, where the new terminal of this line would be located.

• - Extension of line 6: Corridor that would start from the current terminal Martín Carrera to Villa de Aragón, communicating with its counterpart station on line B.

• - Line 7 extensions: Two extensions contemplated for this line, the first for the northern section from El Rosario to Tlalnepantla as well as the proposal for line 5; On the other side, the southern proposal aims to start from the Barranca del Muerto station to San Jerónimo.

• - Extension of line 8: For the northern area of the city, starting from the current Garibaldi-Lagunilla terminal, to end up connecting to the Martín Carrera station along with lines 4 and 6 of the same system.

• - Extension of line 9: This will begin its journey at the current Tacubaya terminal and will head towards the Observatorio station to communicate with lines 1 and 12 due to the emerging need for connection to this area due to the increase in traffic that will be generated by the Mexico-Toluca Interurban Train.

• - Extension of line 12: In the same way, it will go to Observatorio, starting from its current Mixcoac terminal, which is under construction. It is considered among the projects in this plan because the expansion is still in the construction process and has not been inaugurated to users.

• - Expansion of line B: This being the last expansion proposal, starting from the current Buenavista terminal, until communicating with the Hipódromo de las Américas, in the west of the city.

Moving on to the proposals for new corridors presented in this plan are as follows:

• - Proposal Line 10: This proposal aims to circulate along the entire avenue of the insurgents, starting from Indios Verdes until reaching the archaeological zone of Cuicuilco, running partially and parallel to Line 1 of the Metrobús.

• - Proposed line 11: The proposed route for this line would start from the Benito Juárez International Airport, connecting with metro line 5, to the Las Américas racecourse in Lomas de Sotelo. This line aims to cross areas such as San Lázaro, the Zócalo of the City, the Angel of Independence, Chapultepec and Polanco.

• - Proposed line 13: Line whose origin would be established from the Valentín Campa station of Metro line 12, and its destination would be at the intersection of Bordo de Xochiaca, Lázaro Cárdenas and Carmelo Pérez avenues, this in the municipality of Nezahualcóyotl in the State of Mexico. The line would run on Axis 6 South, this until the junction of Axis 5 and 6 South along República Federal del Sur Avenue, right at this last avenue the route would deviate to head along it, remaining straight until reaching the end point of this line. It should be noted that the terminal of this route would connect with the "Las Torres" station of the Mexibús line 3.

• - Proposed line 14: Starting in the same way on Bordo de Buses from the South, Ciudad Universitaria and to finish at the aforementioned Stadium.

• - Proposed line C: Being the last proposal of this plan, it would start from the Hipódromo de las Américas, to circulate on the Periférico ring, Manuel Ávila Camacho, having a slight deviation to communicate with the Cuatro Caminos Metro, to again continue running on Periférico, this until reaching the intersection of this avenue until the meeting with the Convento de Tepotzotlán and Convento de Santa Mónica roads, where this line would end.

Culture and science

La cultura ha estado presente desde el inicio de la construcción del sistema. Basamentos piramidales (como el adoratorio al dios mexica Ehécatl), una escultura de la diosa Coatlicue y restos de mamut, son algunos ejemplos de los rescates efectuados por el Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia de México durante las obras civiles.[112][113] El adoratorio a Ehécatl en la estación Pino Suárez "Pino Suárez (estación del Metro de Ciudad de México)"), entre las líneas 1 y 2, es llamada la zona arqueológica más pequeña de México por el INAH. Es indirectamente transitada por hasta 54 millones de personas al año.[114].

Archaeological finds

The construction work of the system lines has resulted in more than 20 thousand finds of archaeological pieces and structures corresponding to practically the entire human presence in the Basin of Mexico.[115] From remains of fauna from the Pleistocene and hominids, to human remains, objects and structures from pre-Hispanic, viceregal, nineteenth-century and early 20th centuries. The Metro has been an opportunity to obtain human evidence from different periods in the history of its inhabitants in densely urbanized areas due to the excavations necessary for the passage of the roads.[116] In addition to being a means of public transport that has caused a large number of archaeological finds and rescues like no other in the world, it has allowed us to have greater clarity about the settlement pattern of the Mexican capital and analyze its subsoil in different stages,[116] as well as confirm hypotheses or learn new ones. data.[116].

• - Line 1.

The archaeological findings integrate several discoveries; on Izazaga between Niño Perdido streets (currently Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas) and 20 de Noviembre and fragments of ceramics, coins, wood, metal, glass, human and animal bone remains were found.

Among the most important discoveries is an omichicahuaztli made from a femur that was probably used as a musical instrument, found on the corner of Izazaga and Bolívar streets on the way to Isabel la Católica at a depth of 2.30 m corresponding to the late pre-Hispanic period. In front of the Montserrat convent, located in Isabel la Católica and Izazaga, colonial burials were discovered located in the main part of the church and under the floor of the entrance as well as all its walls and foundations belonging to the colonial era. Within Izazaga and Bolívar and Niño Perdido streets, at depths of 1.40 to 2 m, 150 vessels in complete condition[117] and also a sculpture of the goddess Coatlicue corresponding to the Postclassic period were found.[118].

• - Line 2.

Among the most important finds is a ceremonial center located at the Pino Suárez station "Pino Suárez (Mexico City Metro station)") of which six pieces of a shrine are preserved on site, displayed in a sunken patio dedicated in the beginning to Ehécatl-Quetzalcóatl and later to Tláloc along with numerous offerings to this last deity, as well as a jaguar head in sculpture and pre-Hispanic drawings that represent a warrior with a baton in one hand and a shield in the other. Other finds within the construction of this line were more colonial burials, floors and a wall of presumed pre-Hispanic origin located in the church of San Gabriel de Árcangel, as well as remains of ceramics belonging to the Preclassic and late Postclassic in the extension of the line towards the west. All these findings were directed by the archaeologist Jordi Gussinyer in the period from 1968 to 1970.[117].

• - Line 3.

During its projection to the south, a settlement with Teotihuacan tradition was found in San Lorenzo Xochimanca, as well as burials corresponding to the Late Classical Post in Miguel Ángel de Quevedo and Av. Universidad. On the other hand, in the northern extension of the line that ends at the Ticomán Workshops, where the skeleton of a Pleistocene mammoth was found, which in the Preclassic period was a burial site, as well as vestiges of the only registered salt-producing village from the late Postclassic period, discovered in 1982 by the direction of archaeologists Sánchez Nava and Sánchez Vázquez. [117].

• - Line 4.

During its construction, different vestiges belonging to different periods were found, or among the most notable are the bone remains of a mammoth in the Talismán station "Talismán (station)"), as well as channels that connected with the Viga canal belonging to the pre-Hispanic period of the Late Postclassic in the Santa Anita area. In La Candelaria, a residential area and a pier were found, as well as basins and ossuaries belonging to the Colonial Hospital of San Lázaro in 1982. [117].

Architecture

To design and build the first line stations, we had the advice of distinguished architects Enrique del Moral, Félix Candela, Salvador Ortega and Luis Barragán. Some examples of his legacy to the system are the stations San Lázaro "San Lázaro (station)"), Candelaria "Candelaria (Mexico City Metro station)") and Merced "Merced (station)") on line 1, the work of Félix Candela.[112][119].

plastic arts

The plastic arts have a privileged place in the Metro facilities. The murals and sculptures that make up the Metro's cultural heritage are the work of a long list of artists:

• - Alberto Castro Leñero.

• - Ariosto Otero Reyes.

• - Arturo Estrada").

• - Arturo García Bustos.

• - Daniel Kent").

• - David Lach").

• - Gerard Economus").

• - Graziella Scotese.

• - Guillermo Ceniceros.

• - Janitzio Escalera").

• - Jean Paul Chambas.

• - José de Guimarães.

• - José Luis Elías Jáuregui").

• - Luis López Loza.

• - Luis Y. Aragón.

• - Martha Tanguma.

• - Patricia Torres").

• - Rafael Cauduro.

• - Rina Lazo.

• - Rodolfo Morales[120][121].

On November 30, 1988, the Science Tunnel was inaugurated at the La Raza station "La Raza (station)"), in the corridor that leads from line 3 to line 5. The long transfer offers the user a view of electronic and photographic panels with settings of various themes, and a representation of the celestial vault in the central part of the tunnel. At the entrance on line 5 there are hologram rooms, efficient lighting, consultation and multiple uses, in addition, showcases for temporary exhibitions.[122].

Since 1994, the Collective Transportation System, in coordination with other institutions, has held a series of scientific dissemination activities every October called October, Science and Technology Month at various stations in the system. Activities include exhibitions, workshops and conferences on various topics.[123].

works of art

The Mexico City metro is a corner for the arts. Within the corridors of its 12 lines, different artistic expressions are housed, ranging from: sculptures, murals, pieces of Mexican archeology, photographic exhibitions and others.

In 1997, the Metro began a program known as “The metro, a space for culture”, which was carried out thanks to an agreement with the National Council for Culture and the Arts. This managed to contribute to the dissemination of culture with the participation of Mexican artists within this space in a massive way, which helped young people to exhibit their works. Proof of this was the exhibition “Images of the end of the century” that was held after the signing of the agreement to be part of the "Festival of the Historic Center of Mexico City." After this action, a ceremony was held to hand over eleven spaces for Culture and the Arts.

As part of the tributes to Mexican painters, poets and visual artists such as José Luis Cuevas, Carlos Pellicer and Raúl Anguiano, among others, the metro participated by making a series of posters that were part of the project “Poets travel in the Metro”. This in collaboration with the Government of the Department of the Federal District.

In that same year (1997), the Metro Cultural Unit, in collaboration with the ISSSTE, as well as with the Poniente Regional Delegation, created a new venue, the well-known "University Theater Forum", which is located in the lobby of the Copilco station on Line 3.[124].

The murals inside the stations[125] that make up the cultural heritage of the Metro are:

Read about Ticket on the Metro

Reading Ticket in the Metro is a reading promotion program promoted by the government of Mexico City. It was launched for the first time in 2004 on Metro line 3 that goes from Indios Verdes to Universidad. In 2015, the second stage of the program began on the same line.[126] Users of line 3 can take a book from the 52 shelves installed in the 21 stations when entering the Metro and return it when leaving.[127] The books are anthologies of stories, poems and stories by renowned writers such as Ángeles Mastretta, Elena Poniatowska, José Emilio Pacheco, among others. Nearly 250 thousand copies are placed and the return rate for the second stage of the program was .[128].

On May 18, 2005, the Metro Ticket Science program began. With the collaboration of the General Directorate of Science Dissemination of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, a series of fascicles (all approximately 25 pages) on various science topics were distributed on the Metro network in different seasons. The program consisted of making, at different points of the Metro network, the fascicles available to people so that they could read them and return them to one of the other points. The first series included:[129].

• - Look into the subject "Matter (physics)"): What is a semiconductor?.

• - What is an atom like?.

• - The scorpion and his picket.

• - The subway, food and biotechnology.

• - The world of the cell.

• - Mexico and global climate change.

• - Earthquakes.

• - Plate tectonics.

Other titles were:[130].

• - Biodiversity.

• - Sexual behavior.

• - Collapses: a light at the end of the tunnel.

• - The electric car: a pressing solution.

• - Are insects eaten?[131].

• - New materials.

• - What is bioremediation?.

• - Visit to the Observatory in 1928.

References in culture

The Metro is referred to in the following songs:

• - Road to Nowhere from The Strangers") (1997).

• - Cement candy and Call for the destruction of Belafonte Sensacional (2017).

• - The subway of Café Tacvba (1994).

• - Balderas Metro Station "Balderas Metro Station (song)") by Rockdrigo González "Rodrigo González (Mexican musician)") (1984).

• - Heavy meter by Botellita de Jerez (1984).

• - The story of a minute") by David Garnica (1985). Although it is not a song expressly about the Metro, its author popularized it by performing it as a traveling musician in that transportation system, being also known as The Metro Song.[132][133][134].

• - The first street of solitude by Jaime López (1985).

• - Metro I'm looking for love from Los lagartos") (1996).

• - Metro Insurgentes of Amandititita.

• - A sad half day by Real de Catorce "Real de Catorce (band)") (1988).

• - I'm riding the subway from Chava Flores.

The Metro is referred to in the following essays, articles, novels and poems:

• - The vampire of Colonia Roma"), novel by Luis Zapata (1979).

• - Cuauhtémoc Station, poem by José Javier Villarreal.

• - The city is the sky of the Metro by Juan Villoro and Metro Insurgentes by José Joaquín Blanco. Both essays included in México D.F., readings for walkers by Rubén Gallo.

• - La fiesta brava, story by José Emilio Pacheco (1971).

• - The hour of Robinson Crusoe, in The rituals of chaos, essay by Carlos Monsiváis.

• - Don't fall asleep on the subway, short story by Mario Méndez Acosta") (1994).

• - Countries without winter, novel by Enrique Montiel (2019).

The meter is referred to in the following works:

• - The Hero, short film by Carlos Carrera (1993).

• - STCM 2004") (2021).

• - Total Recall by Paul Verhoeven (1990).

Informal trade

According to the announcement issued (published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on January 6, 1993) by the Assembly of Representatives of the Federal District, the facilities of the Collective Transportation System must be used exclusively for the safe and efficient transportation of passengers, and informal commerce is prohibited in the facilities. causing, in this way, an uncomfortable trip for users. It is worth mentioning that no informal commerce of any kind has been witnessed on line 12 since the day it was put into operation, October 30, 2012.

However, after the 66% increase in the cost of a trip, from $3.00 to $5.00 in 2013 (see Rates and payment systems), and as a proposal by the director of the Collective Transportation System, Joel Ortega Cuevas, more than half a thousand members of the Banking and Industrial Police "were incorporated into the facilities of the 195 stations to gradually end informal commerce throughout the Metro system of the Mexico City, giving priority to lines 1, 2 and 3, which are the busiest in the entire network.[136].

Vandalism

The Mexico City Metro has suffered from constant vandalism. The most common damages range from scratching the glass with stones to painting the interior of the carriages with aerosols.[137].

Metreo, harassment, prostitution and assaults on users

"Meteo" refers to the activities of obtaining a partner or gay sexual relations within the trains or subway facilities.[138] To try to contain these attitudes of some users, it has been implemented to close access to the cars at the beginning and end of the convoy at night, although another cause is cited as a reason.[139][140][141][142] Prostitution is also carried out throughout the system at various times of the day, The problem has not been eliminated by the high volume of users and the cost of surveillance.[143] Sexual harassment is also a constant for both sexes, which generally occurs during the so-called peak hours, although in particular the most affected sector is the female.[144][145] Assaults[146][147] on users are common in the system[148] which has increased and is also a social problem in the capital that is difficult to control, for which video surveillance cameras have been placed to try to contain this and the previously mentioned problems.

Suicides

The Attorney General's Office of the Federal District reported 26 suicides within the facilities of the Mexico City Metro throughout 2007. In 2008 it signed an agreement with the Collective Transportation System to offer psychological support to the families of the bereaved and system personnel who witnessed the event.[149][150][151].

Technical problems

Problems in the system in its infrastructure, travel times and safety have been a constant demand from users for years, however, these have been denied,[152] the failures range from station lighting, damaged turnstiles,[153] card recharging machines, flat tires,[154] overheating of engines with smoke emission or braking failures,[155] to electrical failures on the roads. food,[156] circulation of trains with open doors and derailments.[157][158][159] As for the union and its staff, apart from the problem of the so-called "wagoneros",[160] among its authorities and technicians there are various complaints of all kinds regarding issues of spare parts and maintenance,[161] corruption,[162] conditioning of job positions and diversion of resources,[163] threats of strikes by the union, etc., derived from corruption within the organization, which is said to be able to generate major accidents,[164] which have been denied by authorities.[165][166][167] as well as the presumption of the end of the useful life of many stations built since the 1960s.[168].

Accidents

A lo largo de la historia del Sistema de Transporte Colectivo, se han presentado un total de 6 percances en sus instalaciones.

El primero de ellos ocurrió a las 09:40 horas del lunes 20 de octubre de 1975, cuando el tren número 8 embistió al tren número 10 en la estación Viaducto "Viaducto (estación)") de la Línea 2, con una cifra de 31 muertos y 70 heridos. Por las proporciones de víctimas, es el accidente más mortífero en la historia de la historia del Sistema de Transporte Colectivo.

El segundo accidente ocurrió a las 18:07 horas del lunes 4 de mayo de 2015, en la estación Oceanía "Oceanía (estación)") de la Línea 5. Por las condiciones climáticas de aquel día, el tren 05 tuvo un desplazamiento por la pendiente entre las estaciones Terminal Aérea "Terminal Aérea (estación)") y Oceanía, donde se encontraba estacionado el tren 04. El percance dejó un total de 12 personas heridas y 1 muerto por las labores de maniobra de los trenes afectados.

El tercer accidente fue el ocurrido aproximadamente a las 23:37 horas del martes, 10 de marzo de 2020, en la estación Tacubaya de la Línea 1, con un total estimado de 1 muerto y 41 heridos.[169].

El cuarto accidente del Sistema de Transporte Colectivo fue el ocurrido aproximadamente a las 05:48 horas del sábado 9 de enero de 2021, en las oficinas del Metro de la Ciudad de México, en la calle de Delicias 67. Un cortocircuito provocó un incendio en el sitio. Tuvo como consecuencia la muerte de 1 persona y 31 lesionados, así como la suspensión del servicio en las líneas 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 y 6 del Metro de la Ciudad de México, un hecho inédito en la historia del Sistema de Transporte Colectivo.[170].

El quinto accidente ocurrió el lunes 3 de mayo de 2021 aproximadamente a las 22:22 horas cerca de la estación Olivos "Olivos (estación)") de la Línea 12 del Metro de la Ciudad de México, donde se desplomó una parte del puente del tramo elevado de esta línea y que hasta el momento ha dejado 25 muertos y por lo menos 79 heridos, de acuerdo con la Jefa de Gobierno, Claudia Sheinbaum, convirtiéndose así en el segundo accidente más mortífero en la historia del Sistema de Transporte Colectivo.

El sexto y más reciente accidente ocurrió el 7 de enero de 2023 a las 09:16 horas (UTC-06:00) cuando se produjo la colisión de dos trenes entre las estaciones Potrero "Potrero (estación)") y La Raza "La Raza (estación)") de la Línea 3 dejando un total de un muerto y 57 lesionados, cuatro de ellos prensados.[171][172].

2021 Metro PCCI Fire

On January 9, 2021, a fire in the main control center of the Mexico City Metro, in the Historic Center, left one dead and at least 30 workers intoxicated, in addition to six lines without service, reported the Head of Government of the capital, Claudia Sheinbaum.

In addition, he said that the death was that of a policewoman "who seems to have slipped and fell" although other versions indicated that the woman, between 35 and 40 years old, jumped into the void from a fifth level.

He indicated that the incident began at 05:48, local time, inside the STC Metro electrical substation, ground floor and 6 levels.

“(The fire) is practically 100% controlled,” Sheinbaum said almost four hours after the fire and added that the poisoned people were transferred to different hospitals in the city “and at the moment they are suspended from lines 1 to 6 of the Mexico City Metro.”

“We still do not have the information on when the service will be able to be restored,” said Sheinbuam and recalled that “in the same building is the control center for these (six) Metro lines,” he noted.

He said that the service “was suspended for safety reasons and a technical assessment will be made to know when service can be restored on these Metro lines.”

The mayor pointed out that in addition to the support of the Federal Electricity Commission (CFE), which cut off the energy of the direct transmission line that feeds transportation.

Due to the effects, the Collective Transportation System (STC) confirmed in a statement "the suspension of service on lines 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 until further notice" and in support of users it will provide service using buses from the Passenger Transportation Network.

Due to the suspension, thousands of users who were starting their work day saw their transportation to their workplaces affected, which is why the police, through patrols, helped with mobility.

The STC specified that on the ground floor there were 4 main transformers that feed lines 2 and 4 that collapsed due to the fire, derived from the oil spill.

While on the fifth level there were workers trapped and fire personnel intervened to rescue them.

• - Annex: Mexico City Metro Lines.

• - Annex: Metro systems.

• - Annex: Metro systems in Latin America.

• - Rolling stock of the Mexico City Metro.

• - Transportation in Mexico City.

• - Mexico City Light Rail.

• - Wikimedia Commons hosts a multimedia category on Mexico City Metro.

• - Collective Transportation System website.

• - Federal District Metro Project website.

• - Lance Wyman Ltd.

• - Website of the Mexico City Metro ticket collectors, a group founded on April 14, 2011 to preserve and catalog tickets Archived September 3, 2014 at the Wayback Machine.

• - Video with interviews with STC Metro drivers and officials (Consulted Thursday, January 25, 2024.).