Thermally modified wood
Introduction
Wood is the material that makes up the majority of the trunk "Trunk (botany)") of a tree. It is composed of cellulose fibers bound with lignin. Once cut and dried, the wood is used in the construction of buildings and, historically, in means of transportation, such as boats or carriages, in the production of furniture and other elements. When used as fuel, it is called firewood. It is also used to make pulp or paste, the raw material for making paper.[1][2].
Etymology
Wood, heritage voice of the Latin materia 'tree wood', 'construction wood', 'materials', 'matter'. Of the same origin as matter (V.), it maintains the more restricted Latin meaning of 'hard and fibrous substance of trees'.[3].
Trunk structure
Analyzing a trunk "Trunk (botany)") from the outside to the center, different structures with different functions and characteristics are found.[4].
The trunks of the trees grow year after year, forming concentric rings corresponding to the different growth of biomass depending on the seasons,[5] Plants that do not produce wood are known as herbaceous.
Chemical properties of wood
Contenido
En composición media se constituye de un 50 % de carbono (C), un 42 % de oxígeno (O), un 6 % de hidrógeno (H) y el 2 % restante de nitrógeno (N) y otros elementos.[6].
Los componentes principales de la madera son la celulosa, un polisacárido que constituye alrededor de la mitad del material total, la lignina (aproximadamente un 25 %), que es un polímero resultante de la unión de varios ácidos y alcoholes fenilpropílicos y que proporciona dureza y protección, y la hemicelulosa (alrededor de un 25 %) cuya función es actuar como unión de las fibras. Existen otros componentes minoritarios como resinas, ceras, grasas y otras sustancias.