Territorial structure
Introduction
Form of State, territorial organization of the State or territorial organization model, are different names used in legislative texts or to express a concept that refers to the various forms of territorial distribution of power that States can adopt based on the relationship or articulation that they seek to establish between their constitutive elements.[1][2].
A concept with which "form of State" converges, and with which it has a high degree of ambiguity, is that of "form of government." The classic typologies of "political regimes" or "forms of government" (mainly monarchy/republic, but also aristocracy, democracy, tyranny, oligarchy and others) are also often called "forms of State" in political and philosophical texts, aspects that are totally different topics of understanding, mainly due to the low degree of formalization in political language.[3][note 1].
Guys
Several authors have pointed out that currently there are two forms of territorial organization of the State: the Unitary State and the Federal State.[4][2] Regarding the third possible form, the confederal State, Mario Justo López has indicated that «currently there are no true confederations; those that were have become federal states (United States of America, Switzerland, Germany).”[5].
• - Unitary State. A State in which its entire territory is under a single power (its most radical formula is the "pure" unitary State), although for technical-administrative reasons it may have some degree of deconcentration "Deconcentration (administration)") or decentralization of territorial power, even creating (for reasons not only administrative) territorial, sub-state units, with a certain degree of political power, although always under the ultimate control of the central power (it is the so-called regional State or autonomous).[6].
• - Federal State. State composed of territorial entities (which receive various names: State "State (subnational entity)"), Land, Canton "Canton (subnational entity)"), etc.) that have agreed to federate, providing themselves with a shared Government. They differ from Confederations in that federated entities do not have the right to leave the Union.[7][8].
For his part, Raúl González Schmal also calls the unitary State "Simple State" and the federal State "Composite or Complex State." By state means one in which sovereignty "is considered as one and indivisible and is exercised over a single population in a single territory", while in the , whose characteristic example is the , "the exercise of sovereignty (and more properly the powers of power) is distributed between a major State and a series of minor States that contribute to forming it."[9] Within the other authors have included historical forms such as personal union or royal union.[10] Examples of "royal union" are the Swedish-Norwegian Union (1815-1905) or the Austro-Hungarian Union (1867-1918).[11].