geomatics (composed of geo, "Earth", and matics, "automation", as in "computer science"), also geomatics engineering or geospatial technology, is the science that deals with the management of geographic information through the use of information and communication technologies. Management includes the acquisition, capture, modeling, treatment, storage, recovery, analysis, exploitation, representation, visualization and dissemination of geographic information and its application in multiple areas. Geomatics is made up of many sciences and technologies, among which we can mention: geodesy, surveying, cartography, topography, geographic information systems (GIS/GIS), geospatial databases GeoDMBS, computer-supported drawing - CAD (Computer-Aided Design), GNSS-Global Navigation Satelite Systems (GPS, Galileo, Glonass, Beidou) / DGPS, remote sensing (remote sensors and PDI-digital image processing), photogrammetry and photointerpretation, LIDAR, UAV-UAS-VANT (Drones), Georeferenced or Geolocated Multimedia Information, Spatial Data Infrastructure, publication of maps on the Web (Webmapping) and on mobile devices, thematic cartography, digital elevation models (DEM-DTM-DSM) and others. Geomatics has generated the development of new areas of knowledge, such as digital hydrology-hydrography, geomorphometry, geostatistics and others. Let us remember that all the equipment with which the processes in geomatics are developed are electronic, so this area is fundamental within geomatics, and that ICT (information and communication technologies) are part of the name of geomatics and is related to any science that involves the processing of geographic information. This term, born in Canada, is already part of the ISO standardization standards.[1].
History
The term geomatics was created by Michel Paradis, a Quebec surveyor-geometer, who was the first to propose this term in an article published in 1981 in the magazine Le géomètre canadien, and in April 1982 during a lecture given as an invited speaker at the centennial congress of the Canadian Surveying Association. The author maintained there that, at the turn of the century, the needs for geographical information would take on an unprecedented breadth in history and that to respond to this adequately, it became necessary to integrate into a new discipline, the traditional disciplines of surveying with the modern means and methods of data collection, processing, storage and dissemination.[2].
Territorial monitoring
Introduction
geomatics (composed of geo, "Earth", and matics, "automation", as in "computer science"), also geomatics engineering or geospatial technology, is the science that deals with the management of geographic information through the use of information and communication technologies. Management includes the acquisition, capture, modeling, treatment, storage, recovery, analysis, exploitation, representation, visualization and dissemination of geographic information and its application in multiple areas. Geomatics is made up of many sciences and technologies, among which we can mention: geodesy, surveying, cartography, topography, geographic information systems (GIS/GIS), geospatial databases GeoDMBS, computer-supported drawing - CAD (Computer-Aided Design), GNSS-Global Navigation Satelite Systems (GPS, Galileo, Glonass, Beidou) / DGPS, remote sensing (remote sensors and PDI-digital image processing), photogrammetry and photointerpretation, LIDAR, UAV-UAS-VANT (Drones), Georeferenced or Geolocated Multimedia Information, Spatial Data Infrastructure, publication of maps on the Web (Webmapping) and on mobile devices, thematic cartography, digital elevation models (DEM-DTM-DSM) and others. Geomatics has generated the development of new areas of knowledge, such as digital hydrology-hydrography, geomorphometry, geostatistics and others. Let us remember that all the equipment with which the processes in geomatics are developed are electronic, so this area is fundamental within geomatics, and that ICT (information and communication technologies) are part of the name of geomatics and is related to any science that involves the processing of geographic information. This term, born in Canada, is already part of the ISO standardization standards.[1].
History
The term geomatics was created by Michel Paradis, a Quebec surveyor-geometer, who was the first to propose this term in an article published in 1981 in the magazine Le géomètre canadien, and in April 1982 during a lecture given as an invited speaker at the centennial congress of the Canadian Surveying Association. The author maintained there that, at the turn of the century, the needs for geographical information would take on an unprecedented breadth in history and that to respond to this adequately, it became necessary to integrate into a new discipline, the traditional disciplines of surveying with the modern means and methods of data collection, processing, storage and dissemination.[2].
At an academic level, geomatics engineering originated in Canada, specifically in the province of Quebec in the 19th century, and officially in 1986 at Laval University, who offered the first geomatics engineering program worldwide. It was, therefore, the first university that took a substantial step in adopting new technologies with the consolidation of sciences to study the Earth. But this phenomenon occurred not only in the province of Quebec, but also had repercussions on the universities of the provinces of New Brunswick, Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia.
In the 1960s, the study of the shape and dimensions of the Earth was subject to constant scientific and technological changes at an international level; On the other hand, the problem of the superposition of different layers of information in the same territory and their interrelation was a problem that faced a series of problems that were difficult to solve. Specifically in North America, where photogrammetry, remote sensing, cartography, geodesy and topography were looking for mechanisms that would allow complex procedures to be systematized.
There was an increase in global needs for location, delimitation, georeferencing, localization, etc., where the role of the sciences that studied these problems was insufficient.
In this way, the pressure was felt in certain countries that began to invest and bet on research with the purpose of developing comprehensive geomatic tools supporting these problems. Such is the case of the United States, which in 1978 launched its first satellite (in what until now is the Navstar constellation) with GPS (Global Positioning System) technology. In 1982, the then Soviet Union began to develop geospatial studies with the launch of satellites in what until now is the GLONASS constellation (Global Navigation Satellite System). In 1994, the ESA (ESA) and the European Commission (EC) joined forces to launch the EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) program, which was intended to complement and improve the service provided by GPS and GLONASS systems.
These advances gave guidelines to support studies on the territory with the adaptation of geospatial information, which was then beginning to become popular for civil use, since initially the purpose was warlike. On the other hand, the development of computing was present with the dazzling evolution of hardware and software, which allowed the management and processing of geospatial information to begin through the first systems, allowing the spatial component to be exploited in its atomic form, that is, a coordinate in
On the other hand, positioning and navigation systems inside buildings are currently being developed, especially useful for industrial applications, robotics and assistance to people in situations of dependency or disability.
Applications of Geomatics
Geomatics is being applied today in multiple areas such as:
[2] ↑ Paradis, Michel (septiembre de 1981). «de l'arpentage à la géomatique». Le géomètre canadien. 35 No 3: 262.
At an academic level, geomatics engineering originated in Canada, specifically in the province of Quebec in the 19th century, and officially in 1986 at Laval University, who offered the first geomatics engineering program worldwide. It was, therefore, the first university that took a substantial step in adopting new technologies with the consolidation of sciences to study the Earth. But this phenomenon occurred not only in the province of Quebec, but also had repercussions on the universities of the provinces of New Brunswick, Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia.
In the 1960s, the study of the shape and dimensions of the Earth was subject to constant scientific and technological changes at an international level; On the other hand, the problem of the superposition of different layers of information in the same territory and their interrelation was a problem that faced a series of problems that were difficult to solve. Specifically in North America, where photogrammetry, remote sensing, cartography, geodesy and topography were looking for mechanisms that would allow complex procedures to be systematized.
There was an increase in global needs for location, delimitation, georeferencing, localization, etc., where the role of the sciences that studied these problems was insufficient.
In this way, the pressure was felt in certain countries that began to invest and bet on research with the purpose of developing comprehensive geomatic tools supporting these problems. Such is the case of the United States, which in 1978 launched its first satellite (in what until now is the Navstar constellation) with GPS (Global Positioning System) technology. In 1982, the then Soviet Union began to develop geospatial studies with the launch of satellites in what until now is the GLONASS constellation (Global Navigation Satellite System). In 1994, the ESA (ESA) and the European Commission (EC) joined forces to launch the EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) program, which was intended to complement and improve the service provided by GPS and GLONASS systems.
These advances gave guidelines to support studies on the territory with the adaptation of geospatial information, which was then beginning to become popular for civil use, since initially the purpose was warlike. On the other hand, the development of computing was present with the dazzling evolution of hardware and software, which allowed the management and processing of geospatial information to begin through the first systems, allowing the spatial component to be exploited in its atomic form, that is, a coordinate in
On the other hand, positioning and navigation systems inside buildings are currently being developed, especially useful for industrial applications, robotics and assistance to people in situations of dependency or disability.
Applications of Geomatics
Geomatics is being applied today in multiple areas such as: