Various approaches
Contenido
A pesar de que el sentido profundo de la disciplina permanece, se producen una gama de diversos enfoques sobre la misma, dependiendo del país del que se trata, y del área a la que se refiere. Por ejemplo:.
Argentina
Territorial Planning
It is the set of technical-political-administrative actions for carrying out studies, formulating proposals and adopting specific measures in relation to the organization of a territory, to adapt it to the policies and objectives of general development (by the different jurisdictional levels and in relation to their respective strategies).
Colombia
The general framework for territorial planning in Colombia is addressed in the Organic Law of Territorial Planning (Law 1454 of 2011).[4] There are also ordinary laws and regulatory decrees that address more specific aspects:
• - Law 9 of 1989 (Urban Reform Law).
• - Law 388 of 1997 (Territorial Planning Plan Law – POT. Modification of Law 9 of 1989).
• - Decree 1077 of 2015 (Single regulatory decree of the Housing, City and Territory sector).
• - Decree 1232 of 2020 (Modification of Decree 1077 of 2015, referring to the contents of the POT)[5].
Spain
Territorial Planning in today's Spain is regulated by Royal Legislative Decree 7/2015"), of October 30, which approves the consolidated text of the Land and Urban Rehabilitation Law (which replaced the already repealed Royal Legislative Decree 2/2008, of June 20, which approves the consolidated text of the Land Law). This legal instrument It enables the implementation of new urbanization with legal support.
The various communities have their own laws, like this:
• - Cantabria. Law of Cantabria 2/2001, of June 25, on Territorial Planning and Urban Planning Regime of the Land of Cantabria.
• - Castilla y León. Law 10/1998, of December 5, on Territorial Planning of the Community of Castilla y León.
• - Catalonia. Llei 7/2004, of 23 de Gener, of Territorial and Urban Planning of Catalonia.
• - Basque Country, Law 4/1990, of May 31, on Territorial Planning of the Basque Country.
http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/desarrollo-rural/planes-y-estrategias/informacion-territorial/090471228013532b_tcm7-26536.pdf.
Peru
Territorial planning is defined as a public policy aimed at the comprehensive development of the territory in accordance with objectives based on the enhancement of resources and the improvement of the quality of life of the population.
In the case of Peru, the technical-administrative aspects are developed on the basis of the methodology and regulations of the Ecological and Economic Zoning (ZEE)[7] which takes into consideration environmental, economic, sociocultural, institutional and geopolitical criteria, in order to make possible the integral development of the person as a guarantee for an adequate quality of life.
Puerto Rico
The regulatory framework for territorial planning in Puerto Rico focuses on three main laws:
• - Law No. 75 of June 24, 1975, Organic Law of the Planning Board of Puerto Rico.
• - Law No. 107 of August 13, 2020, Municipal Code of Puerto Rico.
• - Law No. 160 of August 23, 1996, Law to Regulate the Practice of the Planning Profession in Puerto Rico.
There are other laws that address the operational phases of territorial planning, such as Law 161-2009, and others complementary to the land use management carried out by the Puerto Rico Planning Board, such as Law 550-2004, Law for the Land Use Plan, among other laws.
Venezuela
In accordance with the Organic Law of Territorial Planning, territorial planning is understood as the regulation and promotion of the location of human settlements, the economic and social activities of the population, as well as the physical and spatial development, in order to achieve harmony between the greatest well-being of the population, the optimization of the exploitation and use of natural resources and the protection and valorization of the environment, as fundamental objectives of comprehensive development.
In Mexico, the institutionalization of the career emerged at the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad
On February 2, 1993, the Center for Research and Advanced Studies in Territorial Planning (CEPLAT) of the Faculty of Urban and Regional Planning (FaPUR) was formally created and with it later the Territorial Planning career.
Mexico
Territorial planning in Mexico is regulated by a legal framework that encompasses the Constitution, general laws, regulations and state and municipal standards. Its objective is to organize land use, promote sustainable and balanced development, and guarantee access to infrastructure and public services.
• - Article 27: Regulates land ownership and establishes the power of the State to regulate its use based on the public interest.
• - Article 115: Grants municipalities responsibility for urban development, territorial planning and zoning.
• - Article 26: Establishes the National Democratic Planning System, which includes territorial development planning.
• - Principles: Right to the city, sustainability, equity, resilience and social participation.
• - Instruments: Territorial planning plans and programs at the national, state and municipal level.
• - Powers of governments: Distributes powers between the Federation, States and Municipalities.
• - Ecological territorial planning: Instrument to define land use based on environmental criteria.
• - Protected Natural Areas: Determines restrictions for the conservation of ecosystems.
• - Environmental impact: Establishes studies and regulations for projects that affect the territory.
Each federal entity has its own Urban Development Law, which regulates:
• - Land use and zoning.
• - State and Municipal Urban Development Programs.
• - Management instruments such as expropriations, territorial reserves and land regularization.
• - National Development Plan [10](PND): Establishes territorial development policies at the federal level.
• - National Program for Territorial Planning and Urban Development[11] (PNOTDU): Specific instrument to plan the growth of cities and regions.
• - State Urban Development Plans: Application of planning at the state level.
• - Municipal Urban Development Plans: They regulate the growth and use of land in each municipality.
• - SEDATU (Secretariat of Agrarian, Territorial and Urban Development): Coordinates the national territorial development policy.
• - CONAPO (National Population Council): Relates territorial planning to demographic dynamics.
• - State and municipal planning institutes: Responsible for developing and implementing local plans.[11].
• - Sustainable development.
• - Human geography.
• - Environmental management.
• - Urban planning.
• - Landscape architecture.
• - Transportation planning.
• - Jacques Boudeville.
• - Urban planning law.
• - Land use.