Temple of Heaven
Introduction
The Temple of Heaven (simplified Chinese 天坛, pinyin Tian Tan) is the largest temple of its kind in the entire People's Republic of China. It was built in the year 1420 and both the Ming and Qing dynasties used it to worship the crops (in spring) and thank heaven for the fruits obtained (autumn). Since 1998 it has been considered a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
It is located in Tiantan Gongyuan Park, south of the city of Beijing. The Temple of Heaven is actually a group of buildings: to the north is the Hall of Prayer for the Good Harvest; to the south, the Circular Altar and the Imperial Vault of Heaven.
The complex is surrounded by an inner and outer wall formed by a rectangular base that means the earth and topped with rounded shapes to symbolize the sky. The walls divide the enclosure into two areas: the interior and the exterior.
Prayer for Good Harvest
This temple, with the Chinese name Qi nian dian, is, perhaps, the best-known building of the entire complex, and one of the most representative of the city of Beijing. It is a circular building, with a diameter of 30 meters and a height of 38 meters. It is built on three circular white marble terraces in the shape of a Mariana. The building is supported by 28 wooden pillars and brick walls.
The hall has a triple roof built with blue tiles and is topped by a golden ball in its dome. This building burned down in 1899 and was rebuilt in 1900.
Located to the north of the large enclosure of the Temple of Heaven, it is a round palace, located on a large rounded three-level platform, with beautiful railings, all made of white marble.
The building of the Hall of Prayer for the Good Harvest is built entirely of wood, with 28 enormous columns inside. The arrangement of these columns has great symbolism. In the 32-meter diameter of the building, the columns are arranged in three concentric circles. In the innermost circle, the four largest columns represent the four seasons of the year, in the middle circle there are another 12 columns, which represent the 12 months of the year, and in the outermost circle another 12 columns symbolize the 12 hours of the day.
The height of the building of the Good Harvest Prayer Hall is 33 meters, and its round roof is also arranged on three levels. The Imperial Vault of Heaven building, which is also located in the Temple of Heaven complex, has a similar layout, although smaller in size and with a single level on the roof.