To facilitate access to services and resources shared by this type of companies, areas that group headquarters, facilities, manufacturing plants, regional offices, etc. have been formed in recent decades. in areas specifically designed for this purpose. These areas, called technology parks or technology cities (the largest), are usually developed on the outskirts of large cities, and currently have the highest concentration of technology companies by area.[5]​ When they also incorporate university and academic research entities, they are usually defined as science parks.[6]​ To facilitate the exchange of information and access of students to jobs, some universities have the buildings of their technological faculties, or at least their research facilities, in a park. scientific.[6]​ The most prominent example of a technological city is Silicon Valley, in the San Francisco Bay, United States,[7]​ in whose development Stanford University (which has its own technological campus") played an important role in this place, once called "the engine of Silicon Valley").

At the time of the rise of the new economies between 1997 and 2001 (the so-called ‘dotcom bubble’), the term “successful technology companies” was limited to the stock market environment, where relatively young and fast-growing companies (JTUs) were listed, developing in the electronics, information technology and biotechnology sectors, the three sectors that were claimed to have particularly (and disproportionately) high growth prospects. This is when the acronym TMT for 'technology, media and telecommunications' emerged.

Excessive expectations led to the TMT (or 'dotcom') bubble, the bursting of which led some stock exchanges, such as the American and German ones, to introduce new stock indices for technological stocks, understanding that they require another type of treatment and regulation. In Germany, the TecDAX stock index was created (which includes the 30 largest technology stocks below the DAX in terms of market capitalization and turnover on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange), while in the United States, it was the NASDAQ, which through existing indices (such as the NASDAQ-100 or the Nasdaq Composite) became the technology stock exchange par excellence (although there are other American stock exchanges on which technology companies are listed).

The cost structure of technology producing companies is characterized by high R&D costs due to high research intensity to stay up to date (or ahead) in a constantly developing market. Since these costs must first be pre-funded with the cash flow of existing products on sale, the product portfolio is cross-subsidized until the new products go on sale and generate revenue. Patenting new products creates intangible assets that increase the value of the company. A stable product portfolio ensures that new product development is ready for the market as soon as the life cycle of discontinued products ends. Technology companies tend to be highly capital-intensive" as they operate in a growing market, aiming for growth in share value with each release.

By 2023, the economic sectors with the greatest external investment in technology companies are biological engineering (especially plant engineering), biotechnology, computer technology, genetic engineering, information technology, telecommunications, software technology, artificial intelligence, food technology), mechanical engineering, medical technology, multimedia, the pharmaceutical industry and environmental technology.

To facilitate access to services and resources shared by this type of companies, areas that group headquarters, facilities, manufacturing plants, regional offices, etc. have been formed in recent decades. in areas specifically designed for this purpose. These areas, called technology parks or technology cities (the largest), are usually developed on the outskirts of large cities, and currently have the highest concentration of technology companies by area.[5]​ When they also incorporate university and academic research entities, they are usually defined as science parks.[6]​ To facilitate the exchange of information and access of students to jobs, some universities have the buildings of their technological faculties, or at least their research facilities, in a park. scientific.[6]​ The most prominent example of a technological city is Silicon Valley, in the San Francisco Bay, United States,[7]​ in whose development Stanford University (which has its own technological campus") played an important role in this place, once called "the engine of Silicon Valley").

At the time of the rise of the new economies between 1997 and 2001 (the so-called ‘dotcom bubble’), the term “successful technology companies” was limited to the stock market environment, where relatively young and fast-growing companies (JTUs) were listed, developing in the electronics, information technology and biotechnology sectors, the three sectors that were claimed to have particularly (and disproportionately) high growth prospects. This is when the acronym TMT for 'technology, media and telecommunications' emerged.

Excessive expectations led to the TMT (or 'dotcom') bubble, the bursting of which led some stock exchanges, such as the American and German ones, to introduce new stock indices for technological stocks, understanding that they require another type of treatment and regulation. In Germany, the TecDAX stock index was created (which includes the 30 largest technology stocks below the DAX in terms of market capitalization and turnover on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange), while in the United States, it was the NASDAQ, which through existing indices (such as the NASDAQ-100 or the Nasdaq Composite) became the technology stock exchange par excellence (although there are other American stock exchanges on which technology companies are listed).

The cost structure of technology producing companies is characterized by high R&D costs due to high research intensity to stay up to date (or ahead) in a constantly developing market. Since these costs must first be pre-funded with the cash flow of existing products on sale, the product portfolio is cross-subsidized until the new products go on sale and generate revenue. Patenting new products creates intangible assets that increase the value of the company. A stable product portfolio ensures that new product development is ready for the market as soon as the life cycle of discontinued products ends. Technology companies tend to be highly capital-intensive" as they operate in a growing market, aiming for growth in share value with each release.

By 2023, the economic sectors with the greatest external investment in technology companies are biological engineering (especially plant engineering), biotechnology, computer technology, genetic engineering, information technology, telecommunications, software technology, artificial intelligence, food technology), mechanical engineering, medical technology, multimedia, the pharmaceutical industry and environmental technology.