A ribbon cable (also known as strip cable or flat cable) is a cable with many conducting wires arranged parallel to each other in the same linear plane. The result is a wide, flat cable. Its name comes from the resemblance of the cable to a piece of tape "Cinta (textile)").[1].
Ribbon cables are frequently used for internal computer peripherals, such as hard drives, optical disk drives and floppy disk drives. On some older computers (such as the BBC Micro and Apple II) they were used for external connections as well. Unfortunately, the ribbon shape interferes with the cooling of the computer by interrupting the airflow inside the case and also makes them difficult to handle, especially when there are a lot of them; Round cables have almost completely replaced ribbon cables for external connections and are being used less and less for internal connections as well.
Color code
To reduce the risk of reversed connections, which could damage hardware, either when making a cable or when using a cable with non-polarized connectors, one band of the cable is generally marked with a red stripe. By convention the band with the stripe is connected to pin 1 of the connector. This identification method is suitable for cables that only consist of two or more IDC connectors with all connectors connected to all wires, but is less useful when individual wires or small groups of wires will be terminated separately.
To make it easier to identify the individual conductors in a cable; Ribbon cable manufacturers created the rainbow ribbon cable, which uses a repeating pattern of colors taken from the Color Coding standard (brown for pin 1, pin 11, pin 21, etc. Red is for pin 2, pin 12, pin 22, etc.). However, it has remained a specialized and relatively expensive product.
Measures
Ribbon cables are generally specified by two measurements: the spacing or pitch of the conductors, and the number of conductors or paths. A spacing of 1.27 mm is most common, which allows the use of a two-row connector with pins spaced at 2.54 mm. These types are used for a wide variety of equipment, particularly for interconnections within an enclosure. For personal computers, this measurement is used today for floppy drive cables and older or custom PATA cables.
Tapes and Connectors
Introduction
A ribbon cable (also known as strip cable or flat cable) is a cable with many conducting wires arranged parallel to each other in the same linear plane. The result is a wide, flat cable. Its name comes from the resemblance of the cable to a piece of tape "Cinta (textile)").[1].
Ribbon cables are frequently used for internal computer peripherals, such as hard drives, optical disk drives and floppy disk drives. On some older computers (such as the BBC Micro and Apple II) they were used for external connections as well. Unfortunately, the ribbon shape interferes with the cooling of the computer by interrupting the airflow inside the case and also makes them difficult to handle, especially when there are a lot of them; Round cables have almost completely replaced ribbon cables for external connections and are being used less and less for internal connections as well.
Color code
To reduce the risk of reversed connections, which could damage hardware, either when making a cable or when using a cable with non-polarized connectors, one band of the cable is generally marked with a red stripe. By convention the band with the stripe is connected to pin 1 of the connector. This identification method is suitable for cables that only consist of two or more IDC connectors with all connectors connected to all wires, but is less useful when individual wires or small groups of wires will be terminated separately.
To make it easier to identify the individual conductors in a cable; Ribbon cable manufacturers created the rainbow ribbon cable, which uses a repeating pattern of colors taken from the Color Coding standard (brown for pin 1, pin 11, pin 21, etc. Red is for pin 2, pin 12, pin 22, etc.). However, it has remained a specialized and relatively expensive product.
Measures
Ribbon cables are generally specified by two measurements: the spacing or pitch of the conductors, and the number of conductors or . A spacing of 1.27 mm is most common, which allows the use of a two-row connector with pins spaced at 2.54 mm. These types are used for a wide variety of equipment, particularly for interconnections within an enclosure. For personal computers, this measurement is used today for floppy drive cables and older or custom PATA cables.
About the availability of standard connectors, the number of conductors is generally restricted to a few values, these include 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 24, 25, 26, 34, 37, 40, 50, 60, 64 and 80.
The wire is usually a copper strand, usually 0.32, 0.20, or 0.13 mm² (22, 24, or 26 CAE).
Thinner and thicker pitch cables are also available. For example, the ATA high-speed interface cable used for the ULTRA-ATA interface of computer hard drives has a pitch of 0.64 mm. Finer fields, as small as 0.3 mm, are found in portable electronic equipment, such as laptop computers; However, these portable electronic equipment typically use flexible flat cables (FFCs).
Connectors
Contenido
La prioridad de los cables cinta es permitir la terminación en masa de los alambres hasta un conector IDC en donde el cable cinta es forzado a ingresar a una hilera de firmes contactos bifurcados. Esta terminación comúnmente se hace a ambos extremos del cable, aunque a veces (por ejemplo, cuando se hace un cable que necesita cambiar de cableado entre los dos conectores) solo un extremo termina en un conector IDC, y en el otro extremo un terminal ordinario "Terminal (electrónica)") o una conexión soldada. Aunque a veces es posible desmontar y reutilizar los conectores IDC, estos no están diseñados para permitir hacerlo fácilmente.
Los conectores más populares disponibles para terminaciones IDC adecuadas para el cable cinta son:.
Cuando los aficionados a la electrónica trabajan en sus computadoras o sus teclados digitales musicales para modificar o hackearlos "Hacker (pasatiempo)"), a veces tienen que soldar cables cinta. Soldar cables cinta presenta un reto para un aficionado que no tiene formación como técnico de electrónica. En algunos casos, los aficionados pelan el alambre con una navaja fina, y luego separan los alambres antes de soldarlos. Algunos aficionado usan papel de lija fino para desgastar el aislamiento plástico de los alambres. El lijado también prepara a las pistas de cobre. Luego, cuando el estaño toca el alambre, la soldadura se pasa a la pista.
Interference
From a digital perspective, the ribbon cable is the ideal way to connect two devices. However, from an analog perspective, these cables are problematic. Around 1980, the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) discovers that ribbon cables were highly efficient antennas, essentially emitting random signals across a wide band of the electromagnetic spectrum. These unwanted signals could interfere with home TV reception, causing the "snow" effect to appear on the television screen. The FCC issued decrees and mandates to the personal computer industry, prohibiting the use of ribbon cables to connect devices together. "Bare" ribbon cables can be used inside the case of a computer or peripheral device, but any ribbon cable connecting two cases together must be covered by a ground. This rule led to solutions such as ribbon cables covered by a braided copper shield, which made it impossible to see or separate individual connectors. In the Apple II, these cables passed through holes in the back that was connected to the power supply ground. Eventually, ribbon connectors were replaced for interconnection purposes by the widespread introduction of custom designed round cables with molded connectors.
Impedance
One of the most popular sizes of ribbon cable uses 26 AWG wires. Using the common spacing of 0.050" and common PVC insulation the resulting impedance for any pair of adjacent wires in the cable is; Z = 120 (ohms).[2] The precise figure may vary slightly depending on the materials. Knowing impedance is a step toward understanding and controlling the interference that ribbon cables can cause.
Proper use
According to NASA standards, the minimum bend radius for short-term uses should be no less than 6 times the harness diameter, and no less than 10 times the harness diameter for long-term use.[3].
Find more "Tapes and Connectors" in the following countries:
[2] ↑ William J. Dally; John W. Poulton. Digital Systems Engineering (en inglés). p. 52. ISBN 9780521061759. Consultado el 6 de abril de 2016. «2.7.2.2 Ribbon cable».: http://books.google.ru/books?id=oDWRAxCU-g8C&pg=PA52
About the availability of standard connectors, the number of conductors is generally restricted to a few values, these include 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 24, 25, 26, 34, 37, 40, 50, 60, 64 and 80.
The wire is usually a copper strand, usually 0.32, 0.20, or 0.13 mm² (22, 24, or 26 CAE).
Thinner and thicker pitch cables are also available. For example, the ATA high-speed interface cable used for the ULTRA-ATA interface of computer hard drives has a pitch of 0.64 mm. Finer fields, as small as 0.3 mm, are found in portable electronic equipment, such as laptop computers; However, these portable electronic equipment typically use flexible flat cables (FFCs).
Connectors
Contenido
La prioridad de los cables cinta es permitir la terminación en masa de los alambres hasta un conector IDC en donde el cable cinta es forzado a ingresar a una hilera de firmes contactos bifurcados. Esta terminación comúnmente se hace a ambos extremos del cable, aunque a veces (por ejemplo, cuando se hace un cable que necesita cambiar de cableado entre los dos conectores) solo un extremo termina en un conector IDC, y en el otro extremo un terminal ordinario "Terminal (electrónica)") o una conexión soldada. Aunque a veces es posible desmontar y reutilizar los conectores IDC, estos no están diseñados para permitir hacerlo fácilmente.
Los conectores más populares disponibles para terminaciones IDC adecuadas para el cable cinta son:.
Cuando los aficionados a la electrónica trabajan en sus computadoras o sus teclados digitales musicales para modificar o hackearlos "Hacker (pasatiempo)"), a veces tienen que soldar cables cinta. Soldar cables cinta presenta un reto para un aficionado que no tiene formación como técnico de electrónica. En algunos casos, los aficionados pelan el alambre con una navaja fina, y luego separan los alambres antes de soldarlos. Algunos aficionado usan papel de lija fino para desgastar el aislamiento plástico de los alambres. El lijado también prepara a las pistas de cobre. Luego, cuando el estaño toca el alambre, la soldadura se pasa a la pista.
Interference
From a digital perspective, the ribbon cable is the ideal way to connect two devices. However, from an analog perspective, these cables are problematic. Around 1980, the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) discovers that ribbon cables were highly efficient antennas, essentially emitting random signals across a wide band of the electromagnetic spectrum. These unwanted signals could interfere with home TV reception, causing the "snow" effect to appear on the television screen. The FCC issued decrees and mandates to the personal computer industry, prohibiting the use of ribbon cables to connect devices together. "Bare" ribbon cables can be used inside the case of a computer or peripheral device, but any ribbon cable connecting two cases together must be covered by a ground. This rule led to solutions such as ribbon cables covered by a braided copper shield, which made it impossible to see or separate individual connectors. In the Apple II, these cables passed through holes in the back that was connected to the power supply ground. Eventually, ribbon connectors were replaced for interconnection purposes by the widespread introduction of custom designed round cables with molded connectors.
Impedance
One of the most popular sizes of ribbon cable uses 26 AWG wires. Using the common spacing of 0.050" and common PVC insulation the resulting impedance for any pair of adjacent wires in the cable is; Z = 120 (ohms).[2] The precise figure may vary slightly depending on the materials. Knowing impedance is a step toward understanding and controlling the interference that ribbon cables can cause.
Proper use
According to NASA standards, the minimum bend radius for short-term uses should be no less than 6 times the harness diameter, and no less than 10 times the harness diameter for long-term use.[3].
Find more "Tapes and Connectors" in the following countries:
[2] ↑ William J. Dally; John W. Poulton. Digital Systems Engineering (en inglés). p. 52. ISBN 9780521061759. Consultado el 6 de abril de 2016. «2.7.2.2 Ribbon cable».: http://books.google.ru/books?id=oDWRAxCU-g8C&pg=PA52