Contenido

Existen multitud de tipos distintos de relés, dependiendo del número de contactos, de su intensidad admisible, del tipo de corriente de accionamiento, del tiempo de activación y desactivación, entre otros. Cuando controlan grandes potencias se llaman contactores en lugar de relés.

solid state relay

A hybrid circuit is called a solid state relay, normally composed of an optocoupler that isolates the input, a trigger circuit that detects the crossing of zero of the line current and a triac or similar device that acts as a power switch. Its name is due to the similarity it presents with an electromechanical relay; This device is generally used for applications where there is continuous use of the relay contacts which, compared to a conventional relay, would generate serious mechanical wear, in addition to being able to switch high amperages which, in the case of the electromechanical relay, would destroy the contacts in a short time. These relays allow a switching speed much higher than that of electromechanical relays.

AC relay

When the coil of a relay is excited with alternating current, the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit is also alternating, producing a pulsating force, with double frequency, on the contacts. That is, the contacts of a relay connected to the network, in some places, such as several countries in Europe and Latin America, will oscillate at and in others, such as in the United States, they will oscillate at . This fact is used in some doorbells and buzzers, as a remote activator. In an alternating current relay, the resonance of the contacts is modified so that they do not oscillate.

reed relay

This type of relay was used to discriminate different frequencies. It consists of an electromagnet excited with the input alternating current that attracts several rods tuned to resonate at frequencies of interest. The rod that resonates activates its contact, the others do not.

Reed relays were used in model airplanes and other remote control systems.

Delayed action relays

They are relays that, either due to a design feature or due to the coil power system, allow for delays in their connection and/or disconnection.

Position Hold Relays

In this case, the relays have a design in which they have high remanence rivets placed inside holes drilled in their core and armor, and in exact coincidence. Because the polar faces in contact are perfectly rectified when closing the magnetic circuit of the relay, it will remain in that position - due to magnetic remanence - even if the coil is disconnected, returning to the initial rest position only when a current in the opposite direction opens it again.

The great advantage of electromagnetic relays is the complete electrical separation between the drive current, which circulates through the coil of the electromagnet, and the circuits controlled by the contacts, which means that high voltages/potential differences or high powers can be handled with small control voltages. They also offer the possibility of controlling a device remotely through the use of small control signals.

In the case presented we can see a group of relays in interface bases that are controlled by programmable digital modules that allow creating timing and counter functions as if it were a mini PLD (Programmable Logic Device). With these modern systems, the relays can act in a programmed and independent way, which represents great advantages in their application, increasing their use in applications without the need to use controls such as PLDs or other means to command them (see fig. 7). You can turn on, for example, a light bulb or motor and turning it on turns off the other motor or light bulb.

When we want to open our garage door we will have to operate the motor that provides the mechanical power so that the door slides along the rails that guide its wheels or, if it is folding, so that the door rotates on its hinges. Depending on whether the type of door is smaller or larger, it will need a small motor or one with greater power to move it, but in all cases, several amperes will circulate through the electrical circuit to which the motor is connected at a voltage that will normally be the alternating current service voltage of 110 or 230 volts.

When we press the button on the “remote control” of our garage, from our car, the chain of events that occur is as follows:.

Our click on the remote control closes a small circuit on the electronic board of our “remote control”. This small power circuit normally works at voltages lower than 6 volts direct current. This voltage is supplied by an internal “battery”, and this circuit is only responsible for emitting a coded radio frequency signal. The signal is received by the receiver antenna located in the control cabinet inside our garage. This receiving board is always “listening” to receive and decode the signal emitted by our “remote control”. The circuits of this receiver board are normally powered with small control voltages, between 12 and 24 volts direct current, which are provided by a small mains-connected power supply. Only a few milliamps circulate through the circuits of this board at the aforementioned voltages, and they are responsible for powering the electronic components. If the signal decoding is done correctly, a small electronic component is activated, usually a transistor that gives way to the current of the circuit to which the coil of our relay is connected.

At this moment, the relay coil, when energized, generates a small magnetic field around an iron core that attracts a moving piece of iron to itself to close the magnetic circuit. A bronze sheet connected at one end to the conductor cable of the circuit to which the door motor is connected is attached to the mobile iron piece by means of an insulating material. At its other end, this sheet carries an electrical contact made of a good conductive material, which is normally an alloy of copper with other elements.

The electromagnetic attraction movement on the mobile iron piece ends with the seat of the mobile contact on another similar contact that is “fixed” and subject to a conductive sheet placed on an insulating material and connected at its other end to the cable that continues towards the motor.

In this way, the ends of the circuit that were initially separated (open contacts), thanks to the action of the electromagnet described above, come together and close the circuit, allowing the motor to be connected and the door to open.

As we mentioned at the beginning, it is possible that the motor necessary to open the door is of great power and then the current range that must be controlled at the working voltage of the motor exceeds the normal load switching capacity of a relay, which usually ranges between 5 and 30 amps at a maximum voltage of 250 volts AC (for resistive loads). In these cases it is necessary to place a "contactor" between the relay and the motor that performs a function similar to that of the relay, but has a much higher working range, being able to switch circuits with connected loads that demand currents of up to several hundred amperes at voltages greater than 600 volts. In these cases, the relay is used to “pick up” the small signal coming from the transistor on the electronic board and when switching, close the circuit to which the contactor coil is connected, which when acting causes its contacts to close the circuit to which the powerful door motor, of several kilowatts, is connected.

In high or medium voltage systems, relays are the most used devices. Its main objective is to isolate a bad section in just a few cycles, but ensuring minimal disruption to healthy sections. An ideal relay is a unit that acts in anticipation of damage to the imperfect section. The relay connections become contaminated with use, or deteriorated by carbon particles, etc. Therefore, it is advisable for the manufacturer and also the end user to verify the behavior of the relay after a certain period of time.

Over time, relay technology has evolved, and so has relay testing. Various test systems assisted by the latest microprocessor relays have been developed. When it comes to the smallest, lightest and unrivaled relay test equipment, the best tools you need to test your meters and protection relays are provided. The teams are capable of tackling all types of tasks that have previously been performed by large teams.

Today's protection relays offer multiple protection functions that require a new level of refined testing software and hardware, which can fully analyze the operation of the unit in real time. Relay testing and every facet of it can be easily handled with advanced relay testing equipment. Previously, relay test equipment was associated with something heavy and bulky. Under this condition, his transfer to the work camp turns out to be a task only possible for a very strong person. But nowadays, with technological advancement, relay testing equipment is smaller and easier to operate.

The purpose of relay testing, testing and verification, taking into account that relays are discrete devices, unlike integrated circuits; is to provide a low power logic signal to drive a much larger power circuit. The relay helps to isolate the high voltage circuit from the low voltage logic circuit to protect the low voltage circuit. To achieve this, the relay has a small electromagnetic coil to control the logic circuit, and when the coil is energized; results in a high power capacity magnetized switch that activates the high power circuit. The relay that supplies a large amount of current to the headlights of a car is an example of this. During relay control, the low-voltage logic circuit of the car dashboard activates the headlights.

A relay usually has a coil, a set of contacts and a pole. There are two types of contacts in relay testing: normally open and normally closed. Normally Open (N/O) are the set of contacts that are open when the relay is not activated and Normally Closed (N/C) are the set of contacts that are closed when the relay is not activated.

Using relay test equipment requires proper knowledge. Equipment needs understanding about its use. There are many new products for relay testing, each accompanied by its user manual to understand the operation. Modern relay test sets typically incorporate features such as linear amplifiers with switched mode or feedback, protection for open channels, overheating, shorted voltage channels, and internal faults.

They are designed with an intelligent control system that realistically simulates the power system. To avoid damage and for best performance of relay test instruments, it is essential to know the basics of the equipment before using it, making sure to store and transport your test kit correctly, not attempting to force 1800 watts through a 100' 14 AWG extension cord or undersized bench wiring, and being careful of condensation conditions. Likewise, the ventilation openings must be properly cared for, preventing foreign material from entering the test equipment. You should never attempt to connect a current amplifier to an external voltage source, such as a battery or any other source, nor trip the circuit breaker, wind a lock, or connect any significant load to the contact output.

Entering fully into relay testing, testing and verification equipment, Amperis stands out for beginning and extending its marketing with the most modern and sophisticated devices, since they have DSP and FPGA technology integrated with its own patent for high performance of the amplifier technology. In addition, they were the first devices intended for testing relays capable of analyzing all types of relays (current, voltage, frequency, power, impedance, harmonics, distance,...) through advanced GPS trip functions, oscillation, protection frequency. repeat transient with comtrade file and IEC61850 solution (optional).

They have complete self-protection & alarm indicators for incorrect connection, open circuit, short circuit, overload & overheating, etc. All this with a super friendly and intuitive interface valid from inexperienced users to those with more experience.

With Amperis' complete and sophisticated line of relay test equipment, each and every phase of relay testing can be handled effectively. In that sense, Amperis offers the powerful range of relay test equipment that can live off its reputation as a colossus. Amperis Relay Testing equipment includes:.

Contenido

Existen multitud de tipos distintos de relés, dependiendo del número de contactos, de su intensidad admisible, del tipo de corriente de accionamiento, del tiempo de activación y desactivación, entre otros. Cuando controlan grandes potencias se llaman contactores en lugar de relés.

solid state relay

A hybrid circuit is called a solid state relay, normally composed of an optocoupler that isolates the input, a trigger circuit that detects the crossing of zero of the line current and a triac or similar device that acts as a power switch. Its name is due to the similarity it presents with an electromechanical relay; This device is generally used for applications where there is continuous use of the relay contacts which, compared to a conventional relay, would generate serious mechanical wear, in addition to being able to switch high amperages which, in the case of the electromechanical relay, would destroy the contacts in a short time. These relays allow a switching speed much higher than that of electromechanical relays.

AC relay

When the coil of a relay is excited with alternating current, the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit is also alternating, producing a pulsating force, with double frequency, on the contacts. That is, the contacts of a relay connected to the network, in some places, such as several countries in Europe and Latin America, will oscillate at and in others, such as in the United States, they will oscillate at . This fact is used in some doorbells and buzzers, as a remote activator. In an alternating current relay, the resonance of the contacts is modified so that they do not oscillate.

reed relay

This type of relay was used to discriminate different frequencies. It consists of an electromagnet excited with the input alternating current that attracts several rods tuned to resonate at frequencies of interest. The rod that resonates activates its contact, the others do not.

Reed relays were used in model airplanes and other remote control systems.

Delayed action relays

They are relays that, either due to a design feature or due to the coil power system, allow for delays in their connection and/or disconnection.

Position Hold Relays

In this case, the relays have a design in which they have high remanence rivets placed inside holes drilled in their core and armor, and in exact coincidence. Because the polar faces in contact are perfectly rectified when closing the magnetic circuit of the relay, it will remain in that position - due to magnetic remanence - even if the coil is disconnected, returning to the initial rest position only when a current in the opposite direction opens it again.

The great advantage of electromagnetic relays is the complete electrical separation between the drive current, which circulates through the coil of the electromagnet, and the circuits controlled by the contacts, which means that high voltages/potential differences or high powers can be handled with small control voltages. They also offer the possibility of controlling a device remotely through the use of small control signals.

In the case presented we can see a group of relays in interface bases that are controlled by programmable digital modules that allow creating timing and counter functions as if it were a mini PLD (Programmable Logic Device). With these modern systems, the relays can act in a programmed and independent way, which represents great advantages in their application, increasing their use in applications without the need to use controls such as PLDs or other means to command them (see fig. 7). You can turn on, for example, a light bulb or motor and turning it on turns off the other motor or light bulb.

When we want to open our garage door we will have to operate the motor that provides the mechanical power so that the door slides along the rails that guide its wheels or, if it is folding, so that the door rotates on its hinges. Depending on whether the type of door is smaller or larger, it will need a small motor or one with greater power to move it, but in all cases, several amperes will circulate through the electrical circuit to which the motor is connected at a voltage that will normally be the alternating current service voltage of 110 or 230 volts.

When we press the button on the “remote control” of our garage, from our car, the chain of events that occur is as follows:.

Our click on the remote control closes a small circuit on the electronic board of our “remote control”. This small power circuit normally works at voltages lower than 6 volts direct current. This voltage is supplied by an internal “battery”, and this circuit is only responsible for emitting a coded radio frequency signal. The signal is received by the receiver antenna located in the control cabinet inside our garage. This receiving board is always “listening” to receive and decode the signal emitted by our “remote control”. The circuits of this receiver board are normally powered with small control voltages, between 12 and 24 volts direct current, which are provided by a small mains-connected power supply. Only a few milliamps circulate through the circuits of this board at the aforementioned voltages, and they are responsible for powering the electronic components. If the signal decoding is done correctly, a small electronic component is activated, usually a transistor that gives way to the current of the circuit to which the coil of our relay is connected.

At this moment, the relay coil, when energized, generates a small magnetic field around an iron core that attracts a moving piece of iron to itself to close the magnetic circuit. A bronze sheet connected at one end to the conductor cable of the circuit to which the door motor is connected is attached to the mobile iron piece by means of an insulating material. At its other end, this sheet carries an electrical contact made of a good conductive material, which is normally an alloy of copper with other elements.

The electromagnetic attraction movement on the mobile iron piece ends with the seat of the mobile contact on another similar contact that is “fixed” and subject to a conductive sheet placed on an insulating material and connected at its other end to the cable that continues towards the motor.

In this way, the ends of the circuit that were initially separated (open contacts), thanks to the action of the electromagnet described above, come together and close the circuit, allowing the motor to be connected and the door to open.

As we mentioned at the beginning, it is possible that the motor necessary to open the door is of great power and then the current range that must be controlled at the working voltage of the motor exceeds the normal load switching capacity of a relay, which usually ranges between 5 and 30 amps at a maximum voltage of 250 volts AC (for resistive loads). In these cases it is necessary to place a "contactor" between the relay and the motor that performs a function similar to that of the relay, but has a much higher working range, being able to switch circuits with connected loads that demand currents of up to several hundred amperes at voltages greater than 600 volts. In these cases, the relay is used to “pick up” the small signal coming from the transistor on the electronic board and when switching, close the circuit to which the contactor coil is connected, which when acting causes its contacts to close the circuit to which the powerful door motor, of several kilowatts, is connected.

In high or medium voltage systems, relays are the most used devices. Its main objective is to isolate a bad section in just a few cycles, but ensuring minimal disruption to healthy sections. An ideal relay is a unit that acts in anticipation of damage to the imperfect section. The relay connections become contaminated with use, or deteriorated by carbon particles, etc. Therefore, it is advisable for the manufacturer and also the end user to verify the behavior of the relay after a certain period of time.

Over time, relay technology has evolved, and so has relay testing. Various test systems assisted by the latest microprocessor relays have been developed. When it comes to the smallest, lightest and unrivaled relay test equipment, the best tools you need to test your meters and protection relays are provided. The teams are capable of tackling all types of tasks that have previously been performed by large teams.

Today's protection relays offer multiple protection functions that require a new level of refined testing software and hardware, which can fully analyze the operation of the unit in real time. Relay testing and every facet of it can be easily handled with advanced relay testing equipment. Previously, relay test equipment was associated with something heavy and bulky. Under this condition, his transfer to the work camp turns out to be a task only possible for a very strong person. But nowadays, with technological advancement, relay testing equipment is smaller and easier to operate.

The purpose of relay testing, testing and verification, taking into account that relays are discrete devices, unlike integrated circuits; is to provide a low power logic signal to drive a much larger power circuit. The relay helps to isolate the high voltage circuit from the low voltage logic circuit to protect the low voltage circuit. To achieve this, the relay has a small electromagnetic coil to control the logic circuit, and when the coil is energized; results in a high power capacity magnetized switch that activates the high power circuit. The relay that supplies a large amount of current to the headlights of a car is an example of this. During relay control, the low-voltage logic circuit of the car dashboard activates the headlights.

A relay usually has a coil, a set of contacts and a pole. There are two types of contacts in relay testing: normally open and normally closed. Normally Open (N/O) are the set of contacts that are open when the relay is not activated and Normally Closed (N/C) are the set of contacts that are closed when the relay is not activated.

Using relay test equipment requires proper knowledge. Equipment needs understanding about its use. There are many new products for relay testing, each accompanied by its user manual to understand the operation. Modern relay test sets typically incorporate features such as linear amplifiers with switched mode or feedback, protection for open channels, overheating, shorted voltage channels, and internal faults.

They are designed with an intelligent control system that realistically simulates the power system. To avoid damage and for best performance of relay test instruments, it is essential to know the basics of the equipment before using it, making sure to store and transport your test kit correctly, not attempting to force 1800 watts through a 100' 14 AWG extension cord or undersized bench wiring, and being careful of condensation conditions. Likewise, the ventilation openings must be properly cared for, preventing foreign material from entering the test equipment. You should never attempt to connect a current amplifier to an external voltage source, such as a battery or any other source, nor trip the circuit breaker, wind a lock, or connect any significant load to the contact output.

Entering fully into relay testing, testing and verification equipment, Amperis stands out for beginning and extending its marketing with the most modern and sophisticated devices, since they have DSP and FPGA technology integrated with its own patent for high performance of the amplifier technology. In addition, they were the first devices intended for testing relays capable of analyzing all types of relays (current, voltage, frequency, power, impedance, harmonics, distance,...) through advanced GPS trip functions, oscillation, protection frequency. repeat transient with comtrade file and IEC61850 solution (optional).

They have complete self-protection & alarm indicators for incorrect connection, open circuit, short circuit, overload & overheating, etc. All this with a super friendly and intuitive interface valid from inexperienced users to those with more experience.

With Amperis' complete and sophisticated line of relay test equipment, each and every phase of relay testing can be handled effectively. In that sense, Amperis offers the powerful range of relay test equipment that can live off its reputation as a colossus. Amperis Relay Testing equipment includes:.