Steel resistant to atmospheric corrosion (Corten)
Introduction
Self-wearing steel also known commercially in Spain as Corten or Cor-ten, COR-TEN or ENSACOR, is a type of steel made with a chemical composition that causes its oxidation to have particular characteristics that protect the piece made with this material against atmospheric corrosion without practically losing its mechanical characteristics. The name of the steel is a neologism by metonymization of the registered trademark of the United States Steel Corporation COR-TEN,[1] although in 2003 the USS sold its discrete sheet metal business to the International Steel Group") (now Arcelor-Mittal).[2] It is very common to find other types of steel that are artificially hyper-oxidized and that these receive the name Corten steel, but we must not forget that this has a specific composition.
History
Corten steel was patented by the United States Steel Corporation in 1933, which released it as a low-alloy steel with 0.2-0.5% copper, 0.5-1.5% chromium and 0.1-0.2% phosphorus. The composition over the years has been subject to some changes, such as the introduction of 0.4% nickel, the reduction of phosphorus to 0.04%, as well as the addition of small amounts of other elements, capable of improving its mechanical resistance. Currently, Corten steels can be obtained with a resistance at the elastic limit of up to 580 MPa.
Characteristics
The surface oxidation of Corten steel creates an oxide film impermeable to water and water vapor that prevents the oxidation of the steel from continuing into the interior of the piece. This translates into a protective action of the surface rust against atmospheric corrosion, so it is not necessary to apply any other type of protection to the steel such as galvanic protection or painting "Paint (material)").
Cor-ten Steel has a high content of copper, chromium and nickel that makes it acquire a characteristic reddish-orange color. This color varies in tone depending on whether the oxidation of the product is strong or weak, darkening towards a dark brown if the piece is in an aggressive environment, as happens when it is outdoors. The use of Corten steel outdoors has the disadvantage that surface rust particles are released with water, remaining in suspension and being dragged, which results in rust stains that are very difficult to remove from the material found under the Corten steel.