Home automation is called systems capable of automating a home[1] or building of any type, providing energy management, security, well-being and communication services, and which can be integrated through indoor and outdoor communication networks, wired or wireless, and whose control enjoys a certain ubiquity, from inside and outside the home. It could be defined as the integration of technology in the intelligent design of an enclosed area.
The word "domotic" comes from the union of the words domus (which means "house", in Latin) and automatic* (from the Greek: αὐτόνομος, autonomous; "that governs itself").[2].
General characteristics
Applications
The services offered by home automation can be grouped according to five main aspects or areas:
Energy savings is not something tangible, but rather legible with a concept that can be achieved in many ways. In many cases it is not necessary to replace home appliances or systems with others that consume less energy but rather efficient management of them.
• - Air conditioning and boilers "Boiler (heating)"): programming and zoning, being able to use a thermostat.[3]
The boiler can be turned on or off using a plug-in control, via mobile phone, landline, Wi-Fi or Ethernet.
• - Control of awnings "Awning (cover)") and electric blinds, performing some repetitive functions automatically or by the user manually using a remote control:
Automatically protect the awning from the wind, with the same wind sensor that acts on all the awnings.
Automatic sun protection, using the same sun sensor that acts on all awnings and blinds.
With a remote control or central control you can operate a product or group of products and activate or deactivate the operation of the sensor.
• - Electrical management:
Rationalization of electrical loads: disconnection of non-priority use equipment based on electrical consumption at a given time.
Rate management, deriving the operation of some devices to reduced rate hours.
Smart Wiring Diagnosis
Introduction
Home automation is called systems capable of automating a home[1] or building of any type, providing energy management, security, well-being and communication services, and which can be integrated through indoor and outdoor communication networks, wired or wireless, and whose control enjoys a certain ubiquity, from inside and outside the home. It could be defined as the integration of technology in the intelligent design of an enclosed area.
The word "domotic" comes from the union of the words domus (which means "house", in Latin) and automatic* (from the Greek: αὐτόνομος, autonomous; "that governs itself").[2].
General characteristics
Applications
The services offered by home automation can be grouped according to five main aspects or areas:
Energy savings is not something tangible, but rather legible with a concept that can be achieved in many ways. In many cases it is not necessary to replace home appliances or systems with others that consume less energy but rather efficient management of them.
• - Air conditioning and boilers "Boiler (heating)"): programming and zoning, being able to use a thermostat.[3]
The boiler can be turned on or off using a plug-in control, via mobile phone, landline, Wi-Fi or Ethernet.
• - Control of awnings "Awning (cover)") and electric blinds, performing some repetitive functions automatically or by the user manually using a remote control:
Automatically protect the awning from the wind, with the same wind sensor that acts on all the awnings.
Automatic sun protection, using the same sun sensor that acts on all awnings and blinds.
With a remote control or central control you can operate a product or group of products and activate or deactivate the operation of the sensor.
Electronic meters that report electronic consumption.
Comfort entails all the actions that can be carried out that improve comfort in a home. These actions can be of a passive, active or mixed nature.
• - Lighting:
General shutdown of all the lights in the home.
Automation of on/off in each light point.
Lighting regulation according to the level of ambient luminosity.
• - Automation of all the different systems/facilities/providing them with efficient control and easy handling.
• - Integration of the intercom to the telephone, or the video intercom to the television, through "smart locks" that allow access control of the intercom or video intercom through mobile applications.[4].
• - Control via Internet.
• - Multimedia and electronic entertainment management.
• - Generation of macros and programs in a user-friendly way and automation.
It consists of a security network responsible for protecting both property assets, personal safety and life.
• - Intrusion alarms (anti-intrusion): They are used to detect or prevent the presence of strangers in a home or building:
Detection of a possible intruder (volumetric or perimeter detectors).
Timely and safe closing of blinds.
Presence simulation.
• - Fire detection detectors and alarms (heat detector, smoke detector), gas detector (gas leaks, for non-electric kitchens), water leaks and flooding, carbon monoxide concentration in garages when combustion vehicles are used.
• - Medical alert and telecare.
• - Access to IP cameras.
As an example, a smoke detector placed on an electric stove could turn it off, cutting off the electricity going to it, when a fire is detected.
They are the communications systems or infrastructure that the home has.
• - Located in both external and internal control, remote control from the Internet, PC, wireless controls (eg PDA with Wi-Fi), electrical equipment.
• - Telecare.
• - Remote maintenance.
• - Consumption and cost reports.
• - Alarm transmission.
• - Intercommunications.
• - Telephones and video intercoms.
This mechanism includes remote control applications or installations of the environment that promote the personal autonomy of people with functional limitations or disabilities.
The concept of design for all is a movement that aims to create the necessary sensitivity so that when designing a product or service, the needs of all possible users are taken into account, including people with different abilities or disabilities, that is, to favor an accessible design for human diversity. Social inclusion and equality are more general and philosophical terms or concepts. Home automation applied to promoting accessibility is an ethical and creative challenge but above all it is the application of technology in the most necessary field, to overcome functional limitations of people, including disabled or elderly people. The objective is not that people with disabilities can access these technologies, because the technologies themselves are not an objective, but a means. The objective of these technologies is to promote personal autonomy. The recipients of these technologies are all people, regardless of their illness, disability or aging condition.
A home automation system oriented towards the use of people with disabilities includes:[5].
The registration and control of the consumption of services in real time: water, electricity, gas, air conditioning or boiler.
Remote surveillance of distant or inaccessible places for that person.
The transmission of user information with their family members or caregivers in a constant and automated manner.
The possibility of issuing emergency messages or activating alarms if necessary.
The programming of preconfigured environments with several linked devices.
The system
From the point of view of where the intelligence of the home automation system resides, there are several different architectures:
• - Centralized architecture: a centralized controller receives information from multiple sensors and, once processed, generates the appropriate orders for the actuators.
• - Distributed architecture: all the intelligence of the system is distributed across all modules, whether sensors or actuators. It is usually typical of bus wiring systems, or wireless networks.
• - Mixed architecture: systems with decentralized architecture in that they have several small devices capable of acquiring and processing information from multiple sensors and transmitting them to the rest of the devices distributed throughout the home, for example, those systems based on ZigBee and totally wireless.
• - Management center.
• - Sensors or detectors.
• - Actuators.
• - Communication supports, such as the existing electrical network.
Classification of home automation network technologies
• - Interconnection of devices:
IEEE 1394 (FireWire).
*Bluetooth.
USB.
IrDA.
• - Control and automation networks:
KNX.
*LonWorks.
X10, which does not need installation, since it uses the house's electrical network.
ZigBee.
*Z-Wave.
*SCS Bus.
LCN Local Control Network.
• - Data networks:
*Ethernet.
HomePlug.
HomePNA.
Wi-Fi.
Protocols
Contenido
Existe un número de protocolos a seguir dependiendo de la actividad que se lleve a cabo:.
• - inBus es un protocolo de comunicación que permite la comunicación entre distintos módulos electrónicos, no solo con funciones para la domótica, sino de cualquier tipo.
• - X10: Protocolo de comunicaciones para el control remoto de dispositivos eléctricos, hace uso de los enchufes eléctricos, sin necesidad de nuevo cableado. Puede funcionar correctamente para la mayoría de los usuarios domésticos. Es de código abierto y el más difundido. Poco fiable frente a ruidos eléctricos.
• - KNX/EIB: Bus de Instalación Europeo con más de 20 años y más de 100 fabricantes de productos compatibles entre sí.
• - ZigBee: Protocolo estándar, recogido en el IEEE 802.15.4, de comunicaciones inalámbrico.
• - OSGi: Open Services Gateway Initiative. Especificaciones abiertas de software que permita diseñar plataformas compatibles que puedan proporcionar múltiples servicios. Ha sido pensada para su compatibilidad con Jini "Java (lenguaje de programación)") o UPnP.
• - LonWorks Protocolo abierto estándar ISO 14908-3 para el control distribuido de edificios, viviendas, industria y transporte.
• - Universal Plug and Play (UPnP): Arquitectura software abierta y distribuida que permite el intercambio de información y datos a los dispositivos conectados a una red.
• - Modbus Protocolo abierto que permite la comunicación a través de RS-485 (Modbus RTU) o a través de Ethernet (Modbus TCP). Es el protocolo libre que lleva más años en el mercado y que dispone de un mayor número de fabricantes de dispositivos, lejos de desactualizarse, los fabricantes siguen lanzando al mercado dispositivos con este protocolo continuamente.
• - BUSing es una tecnología de domótica distribuida, donde cada uno de los dispositivos conectados tiene autonomía propia, es “útil” por sí mismo.
• - INSTEON: Protocolo de comunicación con topología de malla de banda doble a través de corriente portadora y radiofrecuencia.
• - BACnet: Protocolo perteneciente a la comunicación de los datos cuyo objetivo es realizar la comunicación entre los distintos dispositivos electrónicos que se encuentran en una gran mayoría de edificios modernos. Fue diseñado por ASHRAE y en la actualidad es un estándar de la ANSI e ISO.
Comparison of the most popular protocols
Those with the greatest presence in the market are X10 and KNX.[6].
Organizations
There are different types of organizations specialized in this matter:
• - IEEE: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, a global technical-professional association dedicated to standardization, among other things. It is the largest international non-profit association formed by professionals in new technologies, such as electrical engineers, electronics engineers, computer scientists and telecommunications engineers. Through its members, more than 360,000 volunteers in 175 countries, the IEEE is a leading and highly prestigious authority in technical areas derived from the original electrical field: from computer engineering, biomedical and aerospace technologies, to the areas of electrical power, control, telecommunications and consumer electronics, among others.
• - CENELEC: European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization. The CENELEC/ENTR/e-Europe/2001-03 Commission is responsible for developing standards at European level and the organization that has promoted the Smart House Forum.
• - DOMOTYS: Business association that represents the interests of the companies, technology centers and universities that make up the sector's value chain. Since 2010 it has been recognized as a Group of Innovative Companies (AEI) by the Ministry of Industry, as well as a Cluster of Home Automation, Inmotics and Smart Cities Companies by the Generalitat of Catalonia. The objective of Domotys is to work for the improvement of the competitiveness of companies through four basic lines of action: internationalization, the promotion of R&D+i, the training of workers and the search for financing for projects carried out by its associates.
• - CEDOM: Spanish Home Automation Association. Its main objective is the promotion of Home Automation. This is the national forum in which all the agents of the sector in Spain meet: manufacturers of home automation products, system manufacturers, installers, integrators, architecture and engineering, training centers, universities, technology centers.
• - LonUsers Spain: Association of users of LonWorks technology, being created by the initiative of leading companies in the different sectors of application of LonWorks technology (home automation, building automation, industrial and transportation control).
• - KNX Association: It is the international Association for the promotion of the KNX bus protocol. KNX is a standardized bus technology for all applications in Automation and Control for homes and buildings. This technology is based on more than 20 years of experience in the market thanks to its predecessors BatiBus, EIB and EHS, none of which have achieved market penetration.
• - Modbus Organization: It is the international organization of users and manufacturers of Modbus devices. The main device manufacturers are part of this association, it has a tradition of more than 30 years and has hundreds of members.
• - Z-wave Alliance: It is an international alliance established in 2005, made up of 375 companies that develop products with the Z-wave wireless protocol. Guaranteeing the interoperability of all devices that incorporate the standard.
• - CEDIA.
• - Continental Automated Buildings Association.
• - Digital Living Network Alliance.
• - Living Tomorrow.
• - MIT AgeLab.
• - SIMO TCI.
By countries
Chili
In Chile there are companies that carry out home automation work, and several of these are dedicated to the subject exclusively and completely. Among the notable home automation projects in Chile we can mention the automation of the stations of Lines 4, 4A and 6 of the Santiago metro, Araucanía airport, and several office and office buildings.
Spain
In Spain, home automation has a presence through a multitude of companies. Some of them manufacture approved equipment according to international standards, while others have been dedicated to the implementation of these systems for more than 14 years. Proof of the great activity in this country is the fact that it is the second in the world with the largest number of KNX Partners, only behind Germany.[7] Every two years, Spanish companies participate in the international KNX Awards competition, achieving it on several occasions.[8].
There are various associations, public entities and non-profit business groups whose main objective is the implementation and innovation of Spanish companies in the field of home automation.
Argentina
In Argentina, home automation arises from the hand of technology companies that incorporate the concept and develop it. At the beginning of the 1990s, these companies began to talk about home automation when referring to the house of the future, and to make some partial applications, participating in fairs and journalistic articles that collaborate with the dissemination of the new concept. As the 90s progress, installations become more frequent and important, and the Argentine market begins to expand, which makes it possible, at the end of the millennium, for the appearance of other companies that begin to incorporate it among their services or carry out their own developments.
The Argentine economic crisis at the end of 2001 paralyzed this development, which was only recovered with the expansion that occurred in the construction area almost three years later.
In 2007, the first exclusive home automation expo "expo casa domotica" and the first home automation congress were held.[9]
In the province of Córdoba, a commission of specialist engineers was formed that developed a Minimum Content Guide for the development of a Home Automation Project.[10] This guide serves as a reference and is available to anyone interested in the activity and as informative of the state of the art. The CIEC Home Automation Commission[11] brings together professionals in this field in the province of Córdoba and ensures the quality of the services provided.
Training
There are multiple private centers and universities that provide postgraduate and approved training (master's degree).
In addition, there are training centers approved by the KNX association to obtain the KNX Partner certification.
On the other hand, the official qualification of Technician in Telecommunications Installations includes among its functions those of installation and maintenance as an installer-maintainer of home automation systems.
• - Wikimedia Commons hosts a multimedia category on Home Automation.
• - Domotics Markup Language (DomoML).
• - http://eprints.ucm.es/9473/ Archived April 17, 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Home automation based on Fonera, a project of the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM).
• - Home Automation and Intelligent Environments Group, DAI group, University of Alicante. Research in systems integration, efficient use of energy, environmentally assisted living, human-environment interfaces and intelligent environments. Success story: metalTIC - Hogar Digital. Research infrastructure: DAI Lab. Validation tool: DAI Virtual Lab.
• - Comprehensive Home Automation Center, Polytechnic University of Madrid.
Rationalization of electrical loads: disconnection of non-priority use equipment based on electrical consumption at a given time.
Rate management, deriving the operation of some devices to reduced rate hours.
Electronic meters that report electronic consumption.
Comfort entails all the actions that can be carried out that improve comfort in a home. These actions can be of a passive, active or mixed nature.
• - Lighting:
General shutdown of all the lights in the home.
Automation of on/off in each light point.
Lighting regulation according to the level of ambient luminosity.
• - Automation of all the different systems/facilities/providing them with efficient control and easy handling.
• - Integration of the intercom to the telephone, or the video intercom to the television, through "smart locks" that allow access control of the intercom or video intercom through mobile applications.[4].
• - Control via Internet.
• - Multimedia and electronic entertainment management.
• - Generation of macros and programs in a user-friendly way and automation.
It consists of a security network responsible for protecting both property assets, personal safety and life.
• - Intrusion alarms (anti-intrusion): They are used to detect or prevent the presence of strangers in a home or building:
Detection of a possible intruder (volumetric or perimeter detectors).
Timely and safe closing of blinds.
Presence simulation.
• - Fire detection detectors and alarms (heat detector, smoke detector), gas detector (gas leaks, for non-electric kitchens), water leaks and flooding, carbon monoxide concentration in garages when combustion vehicles are used.
• - Medical alert and telecare.
• - Access to IP cameras.
As an example, a smoke detector placed on an electric stove could turn it off, cutting off the electricity going to it, when a fire is detected.
They are the communications systems or infrastructure that the home has.
• - Located in both external and internal control, remote control from the Internet, PC, wireless controls (eg PDA with Wi-Fi), electrical equipment.
• - Telecare.
• - Remote maintenance.
• - Consumption and cost reports.
• - Alarm transmission.
• - Intercommunications.
• - Telephones and video intercoms.
This mechanism includes remote control applications or installations of the environment that promote the personal autonomy of people with functional limitations or disabilities.
The concept of design for all is a movement that aims to create the necessary sensitivity so that when designing a product or service, the needs of all possible users are taken into account, including people with different abilities or disabilities, that is, to favor an accessible design for human diversity. Social inclusion and equality are more general and philosophical terms or concepts. Home automation applied to promoting accessibility is an ethical and creative challenge but above all it is the application of technology in the most necessary field, to overcome functional limitations of people, including disabled or elderly people. The objective is not that people with disabilities can access these technologies, because the technologies themselves are not an objective, but a means. The objective of these technologies is to promote personal autonomy. The recipients of these technologies are all people, regardless of their illness, disability or aging condition.
A home automation system oriented towards the use of people with disabilities includes:[5].
The registration and control of the consumption of services in real time: water, electricity, gas, air conditioning or boiler.
Remote surveillance of distant or inaccessible places for that person.
The transmission of user information with their family members or caregivers in a constant and automated manner.
The possibility of issuing emergency messages or activating alarms if necessary.
The programming of preconfigured environments with several linked devices.
The system
From the point of view of where the intelligence of the home automation system resides, there are several different architectures:
• - Centralized architecture: a centralized controller receives information from multiple sensors and, once processed, generates the appropriate orders for the actuators.
• - Distributed architecture: all the intelligence of the system is distributed across all modules, whether sensors or actuators. It is usually typical of bus wiring systems, or wireless networks.
• - Mixed architecture: systems with decentralized architecture in that they have several small devices capable of acquiring and processing information from multiple sensors and transmitting them to the rest of the devices distributed throughout the home, for example, those systems based on ZigBee and totally wireless.
• - Management center.
• - Sensors or detectors.
• - Actuators.
• - Communication supports, such as the existing electrical network.
Classification of home automation network technologies
• - Interconnection of devices:
IEEE 1394 (FireWire).
*Bluetooth.
USB.
IrDA.
• - Control and automation networks:
KNX.
*LonWorks.
X10, which does not need installation, since it uses the house's electrical network.
ZigBee.
*Z-Wave.
*SCS Bus.
LCN Local Control Network.
• - Data networks:
*Ethernet.
HomePlug.
HomePNA.
Wi-Fi.
Protocols
Contenido
Existe un número de protocolos a seguir dependiendo de la actividad que se lleve a cabo:.
• - inBus es un protocolo de comunicación que permite la comunicación entre distintos módulos electrónicos, no solo con funciones para la domótica, sino de cualquier tipo.
• - X10: Protocolo de comunicaciones para el control remoto de dispositivos eléctricos, hace uso de los enchufes eléctricos, sin necesidad de nuevo cableado. Puede funcionar correctamente para la mayoría de los usuarios domésticos. Es de código abierto y el más difundido. Poco fiable frente a ruidos eléctricos.
• - KNX/EIB: Bus de Instalación Europeo con más de 20 años y más de 100 fabricantes de productos compatibles entre sí.
• - ZigBee: Protocolo estándar, recogido en el IEEE 802.15.4, de comunicaciones inalámbrico.
• - OSGi: Open Services Gateway Initiative. Especificaciones abiertas de software que permita diseñar plataformas compatibles que puedan proporcionar múltiples servicios. Ha sido pensada para su compatibilidad con Jini "Java (lenguaje de programación)") o UPnP.
• - LonWorks Protocolo abierto estándar ISO 14908-3 para el control distribuido de edificios, viviendas, industria y transporte.
• - Universal Plug and Play (UPnP): Arquitectura software abierta y distribuida que permite el intercambio de información y datos a los dispositivos conectados a una red.
• - Modbus Protocolo abierto que permite la comunicación a través de RS-485 (Modbus RTU) o a través de Ethernet (Modbus TCP). Es el protocolo libre que lleva más años en el mercado y que dispone de un mayor número de fabricantes de dispositivos, lejos de desactualizarse, los fabricantes siguen lanzando al mercado dispositivos con este protocolo continuamente.
• - BUSing es una tecnología de domótica distribuida, donde cada uno de los dispositivos conectados tiene autonomía propia, es “útil” por sí mismo.
• - INSTEON: Protocolo de comunicación con topología de malla de banda doble a través de corriente portadora y radiofrecuencia.
• - BACnet: Protocolo perteneciente a la comunicación de los datos cuyo objetivo es realizar la comunicación entre los distintos dispositivos electrónicos que se encuentran en una gran mayoría de edificios modernos. Fue diseñado por ASHRAE y en la actualidad es un estándar de la ANSI e ISO.
Comparison of the most popular protocols
Those with the greatest presence in the market are X10 and KNX.[6].
Organizations
There are different types of organizations specialized in this matter:
• - IEEE: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, a global technical-professional association dedicated to standardization, among other things. It is the largest international non-profit association formed by professionals in new technologies, such as electrical engineers, electronics engineers, computer scientists and telecommunications engineers. Through its members, more than 360,000 volunteers in 175 countries, the IEEE is a leading and highly prestigious authority in technical areas derived from the original electrical field: from computer engineering, biomedical and aerospace technologies, to the areas of electrical power, control, telecommunications and consumer electronics, among others.
• - CENELEC: European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization. The CENELEC/ENTR/e-Europe/2001-03 Commission is responsible for developing standards at European level and the organization that has promoted the Smart House Forum.
• - DOMOTYS: Business association that represents the interests of the companies, technology centers and universities that make up the sector's value chain. Since 2010 it has been recognized as a Group of Innovative Companies (AEI) by the Ministry of Industry, as well as a Cluster of Home Automation, Inmotics and Smart Cities Companies by the Generalitat of Catalonia. The objective of Domotys is to work for the improvement of the competitiveness of companies through four basic lines of action: internationalization, the promotion of R&D+i, the training of workers and the search for financing for projects carried out by its associates.
• - CEDOM: Spanish Home Automation Association. Its main objective is the promotion of Home Automation. This is the national forum in which all the agents of the sector in Spain meet: manufacturers of home automation products, system manufacturers, installers, integrators, architecture and engineering, training centers, universities, technology centers.
• - LonUsers Spain: Association of users of LonWorks technology, being created by the initiative of leading companies in the different sectors of application of LonWorks technology (home automation, building automation, industrial and transportation control).
• - KNX Association: It is the international Association for the promotion of the KNX bus protocol. KNX is a standardized bus technology for all applications in Automation and Control for homes and buildings. This technology is based on more than 20 years of experience in the market thanks to its predecessors BatiBus, EIB and EHS, none of which have achieved market penetration.
• - Modbus Organization: It is the international organization of users and manufacturers of Modbus devices. The main device manufacturers are part of this association, it has a tradition of more than 30 years and has hundreds of members.
• - Z-wave Alliance: It is an international alliance established in 2005, made up of 375 companies that develop products with the Z-wave wireless protocol. Guaranteeing the interoperability of all devices that incorporate the standard.
• - CEDIA.
• - Continental Automated Buildings Association.
• - Digital Living Network Alliance.
• - Living Tomorrow.
• - MIT AgeLab.
• - SIMO TCI.
By countries
Chili
In Chile there are companies that carry out home automation work, and several of these are dedicated to the subject exclusively and completely. Among the notable home automation projects in Chile we can mention the automation of the stations of Lines 4, 4A and 6 of the Santiago metro, Araucanía airport, and several office and office buildings.
Spain
In Spain, home automation has a presence through a multitude of companies. Some of them manufacture approved equipment according to international standards, while others have been dedicated to the implementation of these systems for more than 14 years. Proof of the great activity in this country is the fact that it is the second in the world with the largest number of KNX Partners, only behind Germany.[7] Every two years, Spanish companies participate in the international KNX Awards competition, achieving it on several occasions.[8].
There are various associations, public entities and non-profit business groups whose main objective is the implementation and innovation of Spanish companies in the field of home automation.
Argentina
In Argentina, home automation arises from the hand of technology companies that incorporate the concept and develop it. At the beginning of the 1990s, these companies began to talk about home automation when referring to the house of the future, and to make some partial applications, participating in fairs and journalistic articles that collaborate with the dissemination of the new concept. As the 90s progress, installations become more frequent and important, and the Argentine market begins to expand, which makes it possible, at the end of the millennium, for the appearance of other companies that begin to incorporate it among their services or carry out their own developments.
The Argentine economic crisis at the end of 2001 paralyzed this development, which was only recovered with the expansion that occurred in the construction area almost three years later.
In 2007, the first exclusive home automation expo "expo casa domotica" and the first home automation congress were held.[9]
In the province of Córdoba, a commission of specialist engineers was formed that developed a Minimum Content Guide for the development of a Home Automation Project.[10] This guide serves as a reference and is available to anyone interested in the activity and as informative of the state of the art. The CIEC Home Automation Commission[11] brings together professionals in this field in the province of Córdoba and ensures the quality of the services provided.
Training
There are multiple private centers and universities that provide postgraduate and approved training (master's degree).
In addition, there are training centers approved by the KNX association to obtain the KNX Partner certification.
On the other hand, the official qualification of Technician in Telecommunications Installations includes among its functions those of installation and maintenance as an installer-maintainer of home automation systems.
• - Wikimedia Commons hosts a multimedia category on Home Automation.
• - Domotics Markup Language (DomoML).
• - http://eprints.ucm.es/9473/ Archived April 17, 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Home automation based on Fonera, a project of the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM).
• - Home Automation and Intelligent Environments Group, DAI group, University of Alicante. Research in systems integration, efficient use of energy, environmentally assisted living, human-environment interfaces and intelligent environments. Success story: metalTIC - Hogar Digital. Research infrastructure: DAI Lab. Validation tool: DAI Virtual Lab.
• - Comprehensive Home Automation Center, Polytechnic University of Madrid.