Shipbuilding (History)
Introduction
Naval architecture is the art of designing and building ships. Naval architecture is divided into shipbuilding and ship theory. The first studies and plans the construction of a boat in everything that refers to shapes, structure, materials, etc. The theory of the ship studies it as a floating vessel, taking into account its stability, buoyancy and the forces to which it will be subjected when sailing. The first books on naval architecture were published in the middle of the century and their wide dissemination made possible the first studies and was the basis for the rapid development of ship projects in the 19th century. The treatises Scientia Navalis (1749) by Leonhard Euler and Traité du Navia (1746) by Pierre Bouguer are notable. Fredrik Henrik af Chapman advocated and popularized the application, both with the ships he built and with his works Architectura Navales Mercatoria (1768) and Treaty om Skeppsbyggeriet ('Shipbuilding Treaty', 1775). This art expanded with the appearance of steam engines. In the century there was notable progress in security measures and in terms of comfort. The different forms of propulsion increasingly increase the extension and breadth of naval architecture.
Works on naval construction and architecture
Contenido
A lo largo de varias épocas se han escrito muchas obras que trataban la construcción de barcos, de su forma y de los medios de propulsión. Algunos tratados generales (de contenido enciclopédico o especializados en navegación) dedicaron algunos artículos o capítulos a la construcción de diferentes tipos de naves o de temas relacionados.
La que sigue es una lista cronológica de las obras indicadas y de sus autores.
Chronological list
The oars "Remo (instrument)") of his time were usually made of white spruce wood (Abies alba). But not in any way. Teofrast explained the correct way to get strong oars. In free translation: "It is better to make them from a young spruce. Fir wood resembles an onion, with several very marked layers. A skilled rower knows how to shape an oar without cutting these layers. Polishing the wood without interrupting the outer layer. This way the oar will be more resistant. On the contrary, a clumsy craftsman will leave the oar with cut layers that will be weak points where it can be easily broken." White spruce wood is also used to make trirems and the corresponding masts, and was the subject of a very important trade. In times of high demand and scarcity its price was very high.
References
- [1] ↑ Enquiry into plants and minor works on odours and weather signs, translated by Sir Arthur Hort, (1916)Enquiry into plants. Volume 1 Pàg.423(en griego)(en inglés).: http://www.archive.org/details/enquiryintoplant01theouoft
- [2] ↑ Universitat de Weber State (ed.). «Archimedes' Principle».: http://www.physics.weber.edu/carroll/Archimedes/principle.htm
- [3] ↑ Pline l'Ancien; Poinsinet de Sivry (1774). Histoire naturelle de Pline traduite en françois, avec le texte latin rétabli d'après les meilleures leçons manuscrites ; accompagnée de Notes critiques pour l'éclaircissement du texte, et d'Observations sur les connoissances des anciens comparées avec les découvertes des modernes. Tome Premier-Douzième [par Louis Poinsinet de Sivry. A. G. Meusnier de Querlon, J. E. Guettard et autres]. chez la Veuve Desaint. p. 5–.: https://books.google.com/books?id=g3zhSznUaVUC&pg=PA5
- [4] ↑ Peregrine Horden; Sharon Kinoshita (21 gener 2014). A Companion to Mediterranean History. Wiley. p. 193–. ISBN 978-1-118-51933-2.: http://books.google.com/books?id=BSXPAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT193
- [5] ↑ Robert Gardiner; Richard W. Unger (1994). Cogs, Caravels, and Galleons: The Sailing Ship, 1000-1650. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-124-0.: http://books.google.com/books?id=5QDzAAAAMAAJ
- [6] ↑ Lawrence V. Mott (gener 1997). The Development of the Rudder: A Technological Tale. Texas A&M University Press. p. 144–. ISBN 978-0-89096-723-2.: http://books.google.com/books?id=9fj2L3Xbpl0C&pg=PA144