Refugees by country
Türkiye
It is the country with the most refugees in the world due to the Syrian Civil War. In June 2019 there were 4 million refugees and asylum seekers in Turkey.[72] On July 31, 2019 there were 3,643,870 refugees from Syria.[73] In August 2018, there were, in addition, 164,351 refugees from Afghanistan, 142,576 from Iraq, 37,732 from Iran, 5,518 from Somalia, and 11,515 from other countries. At that time, Türkiye requested 436 million euros to finance its maintenance.[74].
Bangladesh
It is the second country with the most refugees in the world due to the conflict in Burma with the Rohingya. As of May 2019, there were 910,908 refugees in Bangladesh in the Cox's Bazar area, Kutupalong refugee camp. During this month, some 300,000 Rohingya had already been registered with the new Bangladesh identity card.[75].
Uganda
In this country, there were, in July 2019, 1,313,802 refugees, although it is a number that constantly varies. The majority of them come from South Sudan (63.8%, 838,323), followed by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (27.8%, 365,883), and far away, Burundi (42,334), Somalia, Rwanda, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan and others.[76] In Uganda there are 11 refugee camps: Achol-Pii, Bidi Bidi, Impevi, Kampala, Kiryandongo, Kyaka II, Kyangwali, Nakivale, Pagirinya, Rhino Camp and Rwamwanja. It is one of six African countries participating in the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF).
Ethiopia
In this country, there were, in June 2019, 905,831 refugees, the second country in Africa after Uganda. The majority come from South Sudan (401,594), Somalia (253,840), Eritrea (112,498)[77] and Sudan (62,461). The rest, from Yemen (1,809), and other countries (73,629). Of the total refugees, 170,930 have been registered through UNHCR's BIMS (Biometric Identity Management System), which consists of identifying people based on their physical characteristics: fingerprints and face.[78] In January 2019, the Ethiopian government urged the almost million refugees to look for work and leave the twenty refugee camps in the country. Until then, they were not allowed to work.[79] The reason for the change is that Ethiopia is one of six African countries participating in the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF), adopted by the 193 members of the United Nations in September 2016 to respect the human rights of refugees and migrants and support countries that host them.[80] In April 2019, the East African countries that The CRRF included Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania and Zambia.[81]
Jordan
In April 2019, there were almost three million refugees in Jordan. UNRWA data reflect 2,206,736 Palestinian refugees in the country,[82] while UNHCR data show the presence of 756,551 refugees from more than 50 countries, most of them from Syria (665,498), followed at a long distance by Iraq (67,852), Yemen (14,645), Sudan (6,174), Somalia (793), and others. (1,789) (35,850 people in July 2019) and Mrajeeb Al Fhood"), also known as Emirati Jordanian Camp. In August 2019, 660,330 refugees from Syria were registered in Jordan, of which 123,210 were interned in camps.[85].
Democratic Republic of the Congo
In June 2019, there were 548,153 refugees in this country, of which 26.2% were in refugee camps and settlements. The origin of the refugees was mainly Rwanda (216,451), the Central African Republic (172,809), South Sudan (102,044) and Burundi (45,336),[86] divided into 5 Central African refugee camps (Mole, Boyabu, Bili, Inke and Mboti), 4 South Sudanese refugee camps (Nambili, Kaka, Meri and Biringi, plus an area urban, Dungu) and 1 of refugees from Burundi (Lusenda). At the same time, there were 861,077 refugees from the DRC in other countries, the majority in Uganda (353,379), in addition to some 4.5 million people from the country itself displaced from their homes. These were mostly concentrated in displaced persons camps located north of Goma, including Kikuku, Kashoga, Kalembe, Ibuga, Bukombo, Kalengera, Kalinga, Kahe, Mungote, Mweso, Kasoko, Kyondo and Nyanzalé Marché, in the province of North Kivu.[87]
Kenya
In this country there were, in May 2019, 476,695 refugees, the majority of whom came from Somalia (359,695), South Sudan (117,472), the DRC (41,695), Ethiopia (27,157), Burundi (13,882), Sudan (10,238), Uganda (2,381) and others. The most important refugee camps are Dadaab (211,544 inhabitants), from Somalia, and Kakuma (190,181 inhabitants), from South Sudan. In the urban areas around Nairobi there were 74,970 refugees.[88].
Cameroon
In this country there were, in June 2019, 384,260 refugees and 8,920 asylum seekers. Of these, 286,052 came from the Central African Republic, 94,847 from Nigeria, 1,597 from Chad and less than 1,000 from a dozen countries. Adding people displaced by internal conflicts, there are 1,534,189 people, of which 530,806 in the western regions and 262,831 in the north.[89] The majority of refugees are in rural areas. As of June 2019, in the Minawao refugee camp,[90] in the southwest, there were 58,561 people from Nigeria, the majority coming from Borno state, due to the activities of Boko Haram.[91].
Tanzania
In this country, there were, in June 2019, 308,439 refugees, almost all of them in the northwest, of whom 265,831 lived in camps and 19,337 in settlements. 74% came from Burundi and 25.8% from the DRC. The main refugee camps, near the border with Burundi: Mtendeli") (34,500), Nduta") (86,071) and Nyarugusu") (145,260), in addition to the towns of Kigoma (23,047) and the settlements of Katumba (10,831), Mishamo (3,288) and Uyanduku (5,068).[92]
Rwanda
In November 2017, there were 172,000 refugees in this country, of which 46% came from the DRC and were housed in five camps (Kigeme, 19,957 inhabitants; Mugombwa, 9,041 inhabitants; Kiziba, 17,166 inhabitants; Gihembe, 12,418 inhabitants, and Nyabiheke, 14,469 inhabitants, in March 2017),[93] and 53% came from Burundi and were staying in the Mahama refugee camp (55,260 people in March 2017) and in urban areas.[94] Since 1994, UNHCR has helped reintroduce almost 3.5 million refugees who had fled during the genocide against the Tutsis. Refugee status was annulled in December 2017.[95].
Libya
In May 2019, 50,605 refugees and asylum seekers were registered in Libya, coming from Syria (20,491), Sudan (12,166), Eritrea (7,018), Palestine "Palestine (State)") (5,177), Somalia (2,914), Iraq (1,535), Ethiopia (945) and other countries (359), in addition to 268,629 internally displaced from the country itself, due to the war.[96] UNHCR considered in 2017 that 13 million people needed humanitarian assistance in Libya.[97] The refugee camps have been replaced here by detention centers, of which the most populated are: in Tripoli, Triq al Sika and Tajoura; to the west, Ghiryan al Hamra, Surman (women), Azzawya Al Nasr, Anjila (Janzour), Alkhums, Zliten and Kararim (Misrata); to the south, Algatroun and Alkufra, and to the east, Ejdabia, Ganfouda, Albayda, Shahhat and Tobruk for a total of 33.[98] From here, immigrants who travel to Europe leave from fifteen ports of embarkation, from west to east: Zwara, Sabratha, Surman, Azzawya (refinery) and Azzawya Marsa Dila, Al Maya, Janzour, three in Tripoli, Tajoura, Garaboli, Bsis, Alkhums, Ziten and Misrata.[99].