Collections
Contenido
El acervo de Museo Soumaya Fundación Carlos Slim es extenso e incluye piezas europeas y americanas de 30 siglos.[23] La conformación de la colección es heterogénea y proviene de distintas adquisiciones ya sea de piezas individuales o por series. Inició con la compra por parte de Carlos Slim del 60 por ciento de las acciones de la Imprenta Galas de México en 1976.[2] Dicha transacción incluyó un aproximado de 1,500 obras originales,[2] provenientes de cromos publicitarios reproducidos por dicha compañía y ejecutados por diversos artistas mexicanos —entre los que se contaron Jorge González Camarena y Jesús de la Helguera— que fijaron sus creaciones en el imaginario colectivo .
En 1985, Grupo CARSO adquirió la cadena de cafeterías y tiendas departamentales Sanborns con ello obtuvo dos murales de Rufino Tamayo que fueron pintados para la sucursal Lafragua, ubicada en Paseo de la Reforma esquina con la calle José María Lafragua, en el centro de la Ciudad de México y que hoy pueden observarse en el vestíbulo del museo.
En 1986, Carlos Slim formalizó su interés en formar una colección artística con miras a exhibirla en un museo y adquirió la colección de arte virreinal de Gonzálo Obregón") (1916-1977). Dicho compendio incluía, además de pinturas de grandes maestros novohispanos como Juan Correa "Juan Correa (1646-1716)"), Cristóbal de Villalpando y Miguel Cabrera "Miguel Cabrera (pintor)"), pintura religiosa, retratos, marfiles, estofados, miniaturas, muebles y platería de esa época.[24][2] En ese mismo año conformó la asociación civil denominada Fundación Carlos Slim, en lo sucesivo depositaria del acervo del museo.
En 1989, la fundación adquirió el fondo numismático de Licio Lagos"), probablemente el más amplio de monedas novohispanas y mexicanas que incluye 1,260 piezas de oro y 1,185 de plata acuñadas desde 1732. Otra adquisición similar fue la de El señor de las cucharas, Ernesto Richheimer, compuesta por 2300 cucharas de hasta 2800 años de antigüedad. También en esa época, la asociación compró el fondo relacionado con México de la Compañía Estadounidense de Billetes.
En 1995, se integró a la gliptoteca la primera pieza de Auguste Rodin: La máscara del hombre de la nariz rota.[25] A partir de entonces, la colección tiene un crecimiento continuo. Se han adquirido piezas en casas de subastas como Christie's y Sotheby's, o la mexicana López Morton")[2] con el fin, según Slim, de exhibirlas gratuitamente en México, recuperar obras de origen mexicano y traerlas de vuelta al país, además de procurar su investigación y restauración.[2].
Algunas personas han donado piezas y colecciones para ser exhibidas en el museo; tales son los casos de las monedas y medallas del Segundo imperio Mexicano de Floyd Ganassi, quien las compró al numismático Don Bailey"); los marfiles de la señora Laura Fernández MacGregor Maza"), quien reunió más de 300 piezas de la primera mitad del siglo , la colección completa de la artista Marysole Wörner Baz; el archivo y biblioteca de Raquel Tibol-Boris Rosen y la filmoteca del director Demetrio Bilbatúa que comprende más de mil documentales.[26] Asimismo, se conserva en comodato una colección de escultura prehispánica de las culturas del occidente mesoamericano") perteneciente al Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.
La pieza de factura más antigua de la colección es una figura femenina de arcilla negra del periodo neolítico (5000-4700 a. C.) perteneciente a la cultura de Vinča de la península balcánica.[27] El acervo se extiende hasta obras de la segunda mitad del siglo .
La colección del museo está integrada por un extenso repertorio de obras de Antiguos Maestros Europeos que van del siglo al con piezas de El Greco, Sandro Botticelli, il Tintoretto, Pieter Brueghel el Joven, Lucas Cranach el Viejo, Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, Tiziano, El Españoleto, Zurbarán, Rubens, Artemisa Gentileshi, entre otros. Cuenta con obras de arte virreinal de Nueva España y otros territorios sudamericanos, así como arte mexicano y latinoamericano de los siglos y . También conserva obras de artistas modernos como Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Vincent Van Gogh, Auguste Rodin y Salvador Dalí. El Soumaya es considerado uno de los museos de arte más completos.[28][29][30][31].
Auguste Rodin. European sculpture of the 19th and 20th centuries
Soumaya Museum brings together one of Rodin's most important collections outside of France. Since June 2016, the eighth casting of eight of The Gate of Hell has been exhibited in its lobby. "The Gate of Hell (sculpture)")[25] They are present from his first works of academic influence —such as Suzon "Suzon (Auguste Rodin)") and Alsatian Orphan— to his genre pieces such as mythology —The Death of Adonis "The Death of Adonis (Auguste Rodin)") and The Metamorphoses of Ovid "The Metamorphoses of Ovid (Sculpture)")—, the portrait and its proposal of fragmentations of the body. The most representative works of Auguste Rodin on display at the Soumaya Museum are The Mask of the Man with the Broken Nose, The Bronze Age "The Bronze Age (sculpture)"), The Thinker and The Kiss "The Kiss (Rodin)"), as well as those that were part of large sculptural projects: The Burghers of Calais and The Gate of Hell "The Gate of Hell (sculpture)")..
Auguste Rodin's collection is presented in the permanent exhibition The Age of Rodin in the company of some of his contemporaries, teachers and students Honoré Daumier and Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux, Albert-Ernest Carrier-Belleuse, Camille Claudel and Émile-Antoine Bourdelle"), Aristide Maillol, Alfredo Pina"), Fritz Klimsch, Alfred Boucher, among others.
Old European Masters
The collection of Old European Masters includes works from the Spanish, Italian, German, Flemish and French schools from the 15th to the 18th centuries, with artists who worked in the styles of Gothic, Renaissance, Mannerism, Baroque and the transition to Neoclassicism.
From the Italian school:.
From the Spanish school:.
From the Flemish school:
From the German school:
From the French school:
Impressionism and avant-garde
Painters who moved away from academic norms make up this collection. The Barbizon School is represented by Jean-François Millet, Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Gustave Courbet, among others, and the Impressionists, by: Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Edgar Degas and Armand Guillaumin. Landscape and portraiture are the most widely expressed themes. These themes were taken up again at the end of the century by Vincent van Gogh and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. The following era began with Paul Signac and Maximilien Luce. The post-impressionists Gustave Loiseau and Hugues-Claude Pissarro followed Impressionist teachings. The use of color by the Fauves Georges Rouault, Raoul Dufy and Maurice de Vlaminck impacted art. Also found are early avant-garde works by Pablo Picasso, Piet Mondrian and Marc Chagall; the metaphysical painting of Giorgio de Chirico, as well as the surrealists Max Ernst, Salvador Dalí and Joan Miró, who took up the original graphic symbols.
The painters Marie Laurencin, Mary Cassatt, Eva Gonzalès, Berthe Morisot and Virginie Demont-Breton, who learned in private academies due to the prohibitions imposed on them for gender reasons,[32] intervened with matters dedicated to their daily lives in gardens and houses.
Gibran Kahlil Gibran
The personal collection of the artist of Lebanese origin brings together his objects, letters, manuscripts such as The Prophet "The Prophet (work)") and The Fool&action=edit&redlink=1 "The Fool (work) (not yet written)"), annotated editions, videos, photographs by Edward Steichen, George Harting"), Holland Day, oil paintings and drawings by Gibran Kahlil Gibran himself linked to French Symbolism at the end of the century and even the death mask of the so-called "poet of exile".
American Old Masters
Works by Juan Correa "Juan Correa (1646-1716)"), Cristóbal de Villalpando, Miguel Cabrera "Miguel Cabrera (painter)"), Nicolás Enríquez and José de Páez, along with anonymous artists who captured in sculptures, oil paintings, shell paintings and many other objects the cultural syncretism that was inherited to independent Mexico. This collection also shows artistic testimonies from the South American viceroyalties.
Mesoamerican art
The pre-Hispanic plastic art of the Mesoamerican West") is represented by masks, clay figurines, skulls with epigraphs, incense burners, incense burners and braziers from the preclassical, classical and postclassical horizons on loan to the Soumaya Museum by the National Institute of Anthropology and History of Mexico. With another provenance, the graphic and documentary work of the Royal Expedition of Antiquities of New Spain") made by Luciano Castañeda") is also exhibited 1805 and 1807.
19th Century Mexican Portrait
The collection of this genre includes the three items that followed nineteenth-century portraiture in Mexico: that of the Academy of San Carlos in which Pelegrín Clavé, Felipe Santiago Gutiérrez and Juan Cordero stand out; the regional"), exemplified by José María Estrada, author of canvases of character, honesty and aesthetic freedom; and the popular, where Hermenegildo Bustos stands out, who bequeathed works with psychological expression.
Landscape of independent Mexico
Between 1825 and 1860, artists arrived in the country who recreated the Mexican environment with the enlightened interest of the traveler, such as Daniel Thomas Egerton, Conrad Wise Chapman, Jean Baptiste Louis Gros and Johann Moritz Rugendas, among others. They marked the school of Mexican landscape, led by Eugenio Landesio and José María Velasco.
20th century Mexican art
The influence of the European avant-garde and the aspirations of post-revolutionary Mexican society were captured by the artists Gerardo Murillo (Dr. Atl), Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco, David Alfaro Siqueiros and Jorge González Camarena. Two murals by Rufino Tamayo and the collection of self-portraits of Mexican artists that belonged to the engineer and cultural promoter Marte R. Gómez are preserved. The collection covers the generation of the Ruptura, with works by Gunther Gerzso, Juan Soriano, José García Ocejo and José Luis Cuevas, as well as the Oaxacan artists Francisco Toledo and Sergio Hernández "Sergio Hernández (artist)").
devotional print
Soumaya Museum preserves a collection of prints with religious motifs from the early 19th century to the early 19th century. Chalcographs, woodcuts, etchings and lithographs are the main techniques of draftsmen and printers such as Joseph de Nava"), Manuel Villavicencio, Baltasar Troncoso and Ignacio Cumplido.
Miniatures and reliquaries
Reliquaries, miniatures on the traditional ivory support, and small format paintings made in oil, wax, carvings and feathers on paper and metal sheets comprise this collection. The works of masters such as Antonio Tomasich y Haro"), Francisco Morales, María de Jesús Ponce de Ibarrarán") and Francisca Salazar") stand out.
Coins, medals and banknotes from the 16th to the 20th centuries
The deposits of New Spain were rich in precious metals, so their product was used for commercial transactions in America, Europe and Asia. Soumaya Museum houses the collection originally made up of Licio Lagos"), with pieces from the 16th to 18th centuries, and that of Don Bailey and Floyd Ganassi, which brings together coins and medals of civil and military merit from the Second Mexican Empire and Republicans from the period of the French intervention.
The collections of gold and silver coins make up a numismatic history of Mexico. There are the first coins minted in Mexico and on the American continent, those known as Carlos and Juana, in their two series or types; the macuquinos or hammer coins of Philip II; the first circular coins from 1732, from the reign of Philip V, those of Ferdinand VI, those of Charles III, which were known as “rat-faced peluconas – in order to denigrate the profile of the emperor and the use of wigs during the Age of Enlightenment” and the last viceregal ones, the Fernandino shield of 1812. [35] From the period of the War of Independence: reales del Sud") or those that were stamped for the first time the eagle as a Mexican emblem corresponding to the Junta of Zitácuaro (or American Congress Supreme National Government Board). 1905, with the legend “United Mexican States”. It also includes revolutionary, centenary, Aztec and nobleman numismas.
applied arts
The Viceroyalty of New Spain was a center of commercial exchange between America, Europe and Asia until the beginning of the century. Soumaya Museum preserves a rich variety of objects of diverse origins, materials and invoices that were part of this cultural and commercial exchange. Highlights include the spoons from the Ernesto Richheimer collection, the Viennese toiletry bag of Ferdinand VII, the bracelet of Empress Carlota Amelia of Belgium and Mexico, pieces from the Royal Factory of San Ildefonso de la Granja, the monstrances of Nueva Granada, furniture, desks, music boxes, screens, watches and jewelry.
Fashion from the 18th to the 20th centuries
Objects made of brocades, damasks, silks, satins and velvets; dresses, men's clothing, intimate clothing, accessories, jewelry and magazines from 1780 to 1950, are examples of fashion. In its religious and ritual aspect, this collection preserves works with twisted threads, sequins and braids: capes for the Virgin and Child God, religious trousseau and chalice covers.
Photograph
This collection includes: daguerreotypes, tintypes, platinotype, collodion and albumins from the second half of the century and portraits of politicians, artists, celebrities and rescue of popular traditions from the first half of the century. Cameras, phototypes, silver on gelatin and other materials are also kept. Outstanding works from the photographic studios of Charles Jacotin, Hugo Brehme, Natalia Baquedano, the Industrial Photographic Company (CIF), the MRM company, among others. It also contains old formats such as cartes de visiting "Business card (photographic portrait)") and postcards.
Commercial art from the Galas Printing Office of Mexico
Between the 1930s and 1970s, Galas de México was the main publisher of calendars and other commercial images in some Latin American countries. The cards were the collective work of painters, photographers, illustrators, printers and clients who recreated the history, devotion, landscapes, traditions, regions, humor and transformations of modern urban life, sensuality, sports fandom and cinema of Mexican culture. The collection brings together industrial archeology in machinery, oil paintings, prints, glass negatives, acetate films and photographic cameras.[36].
The authors of this collection range from the 1930s to the early 1980s: Jesús de la Helguera, Antonio Gómez y Rodríguez, José Bribiesca Casillas, Jaime Sadurní, Eduardo Cataño, Jorge González Camarena, José Bribiesca Ruvalcaba, Conchita Pesqueira, Manuela Ballester, Aurora Gil, Luis Améndolla, Ángel Martín and Humberto Limón, among others.