Schönbrunn Palace (German: Schloss Schönbrunn, pronounced (); Central Bavarian: Schloss Scheenbrunn) was the main summer residence of the rulers of the House of Habsburg, located in Hietzing, the 13th district of Vienna, Austria. The name Schönbrunn (literally, "beautiful fountain") has its origins in an artesian well from which the water consumed by the court was obtained.
The baroque style palace has 1,441 rooms and is one of the most important architectural, cultural and historical monuments in the country. The history of the palace and its extensive gardens spans more than three hundred years, reflecting the changing tastes, interests and aspirations of successive monarchs of the House of Habsburg. It has been a major tourist attraction since the mid-1950s.[2].
History
In 1569, the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II purchased a large floodplain of the Vienna River situated next to a hill between Meidling and Hietzing. In 1548, its former owner had built a mansion there called Katterburg. The emperor ordered the entire area to be fenced and game animals such as pheasants, ducks, deer and wild boars released there to serve as the court's recreational hunting ground. In a small separate part, “exotic” birds such as turkeys and peacocks were kept. Fish nurseries were also built.
During the following century, the area was used as a hunting and recreational area. Leonor Gonzaga, who loved to hunt, spent a lot of time there and after the death of her husband, Fernando II, the property was bequeathed to her as her widow's residence. Between 1638 and 1643, he added a palace to the Katterburg manor, while in 1642 there was the first mention of the name "Schönbrunn" on an invoice. The origins of Schönbrunn's orangerie also seem to date back to the time of Leonor Gonzaga. Schönbrunn Palace in its current form was built and remodeled in the 1740s and 1750s, during the reign of Empress Maria Theresa,[3] who received the estate as a wedding gift. Francis I commissioned the exterior decoration of the palace in the neoclassical style as it is presented today.
Franz Joseph I, Austria's longest-reigning emperor, was born in Schönbrunn and spent much of his life there. He also died there, aged 86, on November 21, 1916. Following the fall of the Habsburg monarchy in November 1918, the palace became the property of the newly founded Republic of Austria and was preserved as a museum.
Schönbrunn Palace
Introduction
Schönbrunn Palace (German: Schloss Schönbrunn, pronounced (); Central Bavarian: Schloss Scheenbrunn) was the main summer residence of the rulers of the House of Habsburg, located in Hietzing, the 13th district of Vienna, Austria. The name Schönbrunn (literally, "beautiful fountain") has its origins in an artesian well from which the water consumed by the court was obtained.
The baroque style palace has 1,441 rooms and is one of the most important architectural, cultural and historical monuments in the country. The history of the palace and its extensive gardens spans more than three hundred years, reflecting the changing tastes, interests and aspirations of successive monarchs of the House of Habsburg. It has been a major tourist attraction since the mid-1950s.[2].
History
In 1569, the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II purchased a large floodplain of the Vienna River situated next to a hill between Meidling and Hietzing. In 1548, its former owner had built a mansion there called Katterburg. The emperor ordered the entire area to be fenced and game animals such as pheasants, ducks, deer and wild boars released there to serve as the court's recreational hunting ground. In a small separate part, “exotic” birds such as turkeys and peacocks were kept. Fish nurseries were also built.
During the following century, the area was used as a hunting and recreational area. Leonor Gonzaga, who loved to hunt, spent a lot of time there and after the death of her husband, Fernando II, the property was bequeathed to her as her widow's residence. Between 1638 and 1643, he added a palace to the Katterburg manor, while in 1642 there was the first mention of the name "Schönbrunn" on an invoice. The origins of Schönbrunn's orangerie also seem to date back to the time of Leonor Gonzaga. Schönbrunn Palace in its current form was built and remodeled in the 1740s and 1750s, during the reign of Empress Maria Theresa,[3] who received the estate as a wedding gift. Francis I commissioned the exterior decoration of the palace in the neoclassical style as it is presented today.
After the Second World War, during the Allied occupation of Austria (1945-1955), Schönbrunn Palace was requisitioned to provide office space for both the British Delegation to the Allied Commission for Austria and the headquarters of the small British military garrison in Vienna. After the reestablishment of the Republic of Austria in 1955, the palace was once again converted into a museum. It is still sometimes used for important events such as the 1961 meeting between the President of the United States, John F. Kennedy, and the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union, Nikita Khrushchev.
Since 1992, the palace and its gardens have been managed by Schloss Schönbrunn Kultur-und Betriebsges.m.b.H., a limited liability company 100% owned by the Republic of Austria. This society is responsible for the conservation and restoration of all the properties of the complex without receiving state subsidies.[4] Unesco included Schönbrunn Palace and its gardens on the list of World Heritage Sites in 1996, for being a notable baroque complex and an example of the synthesis of the arts (Gesamtkunstwerk).[1].
• - Schloss Katterburg and the palace of Leonor Gonzaga (1672).
• - The first design by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach (1688).
• - Fischer von Erlach's second design (after 1693).
• - The imperial palace of Schönbrunn, side of the main courtyard, by Bernardo Bellotto (1759-1760).
• - Soviet troops in the gardens of Schönbrunn Palace (1945).
• - Schönbrunn Palace during the British occupation (1951).
Grounds
Contenido
El espacio del jardín con esculturas entre el palacio y la fuente de Neptuno recibe el nombre de «Gran Parterre». Este jardín francés fue diseñado en 1695 por Jean Trehet, un discípulo de André Le Nôtre. El complejo contiene muchos elementos dignos de mención propios de los palacios europeos de la época, como el Zoológico, una orangerie construida en torno al 1755 y una casa de las palmeras "Palmenhaus (Schönbrunn)") que sustituyó en 1882 a unos diez invernaderos anteriores más pequeños ubicados en la parte oeste del parque.
La zona llamada Meidlinger Vertiefung (literalmente, «depresión de Meidling»), al oeste del palacio, fue transformada en una zona de juegos y campo de entrenamiento para los niños de la casa de Habsburgo en el siglo . En esta época, era habitual usar parques para la educación militar de los jóvenes príncipes. Aunque no se conserva el baluarte en miniatura que se construyó para estos fines, el pabellón del jardín que se usaba como refugio todavía sigue en pie. Fue transformado en una cafetería en 1927 y es conocido como Landtmann's Jausen Station desde 2013.[5].
En el extremo occidental, en 1828 se reorganizó un jardín botánico que se remonta a un arboreto anterior, al mismo tiempo que se construyó la antigua casa de las palmeras.
Sculptures
The sculptures in the garden of Schönbrunn Palace were made between 1773 and 1780 under the direction of Johann Wilhelm Beyer, a German artist and garden designer. The Great Parterre is bordered on both sides by thirty-two sculptures larger than life size that represent mythological divinities and virtues. The fountain of Neptune, at the foot of the Glorieta hill, is the monument that crowns the Great Parterre. There are other sculptures scattered throughout the palace garden and courtyard, including fountains and ponds. Several sculptors were hired to carry out these works, including Johann Baptist Hagenauer.
Roundabout
The main axis of the garden points towards a 60 meter high hill, which since 1775 has been crowned by the Glorieta (Vienna Glorieta). Maria Theresa decided that this Glorieta should be designed to glorify Habsburg power and the "just war" (a war that is waged out of necessity and leads to peace), and ordered the builders to reuse the "otherwise useless stone" left from the demolition of the nearby Neugebäude Palace.
Roman ruins
Originally known as the ruins of Carthage, the Roman ruins are a set of architectural whims "Caprice (architecture)") designed by architect Johann Ferdinand Hetzendorf von Hohenberg and erected in 1778 as a completely new architectural element. The taste for picturesque ruins, which became widespread with the rise of Romanticism at the end of the century, symbolized both the decline of the ancient great powers and the preservation of the remains of a heroic past. The Roman ruins consist of a rectangular pond surrounded by a large arch with side walls, giving the impression of an ancient building that is slowly crumbling.
Activities in Schönbrunn today
El Palacio de Schönbrunn es la atracción turística más popular de Viena, con 3 800 000 visitantes en 2017.[6] Todo el complejo de Schönbrunn, incluido el Zoológico, la casa de las palmeras "Palmenhaus (Schönbrunn)"), la casa del desierto, el Museo de Carruajes Imperiales y los Conciertos del Palacio de Schönbrunn, contabilizó más de cinco millones de visitantes en 2009.[7].
En el sitio web oficial se pueden comprar entradas por adelantado para las visitas guiadas. Además de las visitas guiadas y los paquetes turísticos, se puede disfrutar de muchos conciertos clásicos con la música de Mozart y sus contemporáneos y el beneficio añadido de pasar más tiempo en los espectaculares salones, la orangerie o el teatro del palacio. El concierto de una noche de verano de la Filarmónica de Viena se realiza cada año en los terrenos de Schönbrunn.
Schönbrunn Palace Concerts
The Schönbrunn Palace Concerts are performed by the Schönbrunn Palace Orchestra. Founded in 1997, it has been led by opera director Guido Mancusi since 1998. Mancusi also founded the Schönbrunn Chamber Opera and the Schönbrunn Palace Concert series. In Vienna, they offer daily concerts at the site of the famous competition between Mozart and Salieri in 1786. They have a wealth of experience working with ballet singers and dancers. The orchestra also tours periodically around the world.
Film and television productions
The palace and its gardens have been the setting for numerous film and television productions, including the 1950s Sissi trilogy "Sissi (film)"), the film Scandal at Court, starring Sophia Loren, and the James Bond film The Living Daylights "The Living Daylights (film)"), when Bond (Timothy Dalton) and Kara ride through Schönbrunn Garden; The palace can also be seen during the closing credits.[8] The comedy The Great Race was filmed there in 1965. Jackie Chan filmed scenes from The Armor of God on the palace grounds. More recently, the television series The Crown Prince was filmed there, starring Max von Thun as Crown Prince Rudolph "Rudolph of Habsburg (Crown Prince of Austria)") and Klaus Maria Brandauer as Emperor Franz Joseph.
Several episodes of the Austrian television series Kommissar Rex have been filmed there. In the second episode of the manga series Kuroshitsuji, the butler Sebastian Michaelis tells his young master, Ciel, that he was invited to the evenings at Schönbrunn Palace before he signed his contract with him while teaching him how to dance. The Dutch violinist André Rieu and the Johann Strauss Orchestra, together with the Opera Babes, used it in 2003 as the backdrop for a version of the Anthem of Europe, the Ode to Joy "Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)").
In the third stage of The Amazing Race 4, the palace hosted a fast-forward task "The Amazing Race") in which a team had to carry trays of champagne glasses through a ballroom with waltzing couples without spilling any of the drinks.[9] In the sixth stage of The Amazing Race 23, the teams had to run through the garden maze and look for the pit stop located in the Glorieta.[10].
In the Disney animated television series Little Einsteins, Schönbrunn Palace appears in the second season episode The Glass Slipper Ball, first broadcast in January 2007. It features two orange clownfish based on the characters Marlin and Nemo from the 2003 animated film Finding Nemo and Andy Warhol's fish paintings, and the waltz The Blue Danube by Johann Strauss II "Johann Strauss (son)"). This episode is inspired by the 1950 animated film Cinderella "Cinderella (1950 film)"), in turn based on the story of the same name by Charles Perrault.
The Schönbrunn Palace silver coin
The palace was selected as the main motif of a high-value commemorative coin, the Schönbrunn Palace Austrian ten-euro silver coin, minted on October 8, 2003. Its obverse shows the central part of the palace's façade behind one of the large fountains in its gardens.
• - Hofburg Imperial Palace.
• - Belvedere Palace.
• - Annex:Baroque palatial residences.
• - Annex: World Heritage in Austria.
• - Schönbrunn official website.
• - Information about Schönbrunn.
• - Everycastle.com: history and images of Schönbrunn.
• - Panoramic image of Schönbrunn (12,000 megapixels).
• - Wien.info: Schönbrunn Palace, "the former summer residence of Empress Sisi."
• - Schönbrunn Palace: My Way of Telling History (PDF).
• - Official map of Vienna: Schönbrunn.
• - Video of a walk through the gardens of Schönbrunn Palace.
• - Video about the Japanese garden in the Schönbrunn Palace park.
References
[1] ↑ a b «Palace and Gardens of Schönbrunn» (en inglés). UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Consultado el 24 de noviembre de 2024.: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/786
[2] ↑ «Official website» (en alemán). schoenbrunn.at. Consultado el 24 de noviembre de 2024.: http://www.schoenbrunn.at
Franz Joseph I, Austria's longest-reigning emperor, was born in Schönbrunn and spent much of his life there. He also died there, aged 86, on November 21, 1916. Following the fall of the Habsburg monarchy in November 1918, the palace became the property of the newly founded Republic of Austria and was preserved as a museum.
After the Second World War, during the Allied occupation of Austria (1945-1955), Schönbrunn Palace was requisitioned to provide office space for both the British Delegation to the Allied Commission for Austria and the headquarters of the small British military garrison in Vienna. After the reestablishment of the Republic of Austria in 1955, the palace was once again converted into a museum. It is still sometimes used for important events such as the 1961 meeting between the President of the United States, John F. Kennedy, and the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union, Nikita Khrushchev.
Since 1992, the palace and its gardens have been managed by Schloss Schönbrunn Kultur-und Betriebsges.m.b.H., a limited liability company 100% owned by the Republic of Austria. This society is responsible for the conservation and restoration of all the properties of the complex without receiving state subsidies.[4] Unesco included Schönbrunn Palace and its gardens on the list of World Heritage Sites in 1996, for being a notable baroque complex and an example of the synthesis of the arts (Gesamtkunstwerk).[1].
• - Schloss Katterburg and the palace of Leonor Gonzaga (1672).
• - The first design by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach (1688).
• - Fischer von Erlach's second design (after 1693).
• - The imperial palace of Schönbrunn, side of the main courtyard, by Bernardo Bellotto (1759-1760).
• - Soviet troops in the gardens of Schönbrunn Palace (1945).
• - Schönbrunn Palace during the British occupation (1951).
Grounds
Contenido
El espacio del jardín con esculturas entre el palacio y la fuente de Neptuno recibe el nombre de «Gran Parterre». Este jardín francés fue diseñado en 1695 por Jean Trehet, un discípulo de André Le Nôtre. El complejo contiene muchos elementos dignos de mención propios de los palacios europeos de la época, como el Zoológico, una orangerie construida en torno al 1755 y una casa de las palmeras "Palmenhaus (Schönbrunn)") que sustituyó en 1882 a unos diez invernaderos anteriores más pequeños ubicados en la parte oeste del parque.
La zona llamada Meidlinger Vertiefung (literalmente, «depresión de Meidling»), al oeste del palacio, fue transformada en una zona de juegos y campo de entrenamiento para los niños de la casa de Habsburgo en el siglo . En esta época, era habitual usar parques para la educación militar de los jóvenes príncipes. Aunque no se conserva el baluarte en miniatura que se construyó para estos fines, el pabellón del jardín que se usaba como refugio todavía sigue en pie. Fue transformado en una cafetería en 1927 y es conocido como Landtmann's Jausen Station desde 2013.[5].
En el extremo occidental, en 1828 se reorganizó un jardín botánico que se remonta a un arboreto anterior, al mismo tiempo que se construyó la antigua casa de las palmeras.
Sculptures
The sculptures in the garden of Schönbrunn Palace were made between 1773 and 1780 under the direction of Johann Wilhelm Beyer, a German artist and garden designer. The Great Parterre is bordered on both sides by thirty-two sculptures larger than life size that represent mythological divinities and virtues. The fountain of Neptune, at the foot of the Glorieta hill, is the monument that crowns the Great Parterre. There are other sculptures scattered throughout the palace garden and courtyard, including fountains and ponds. Several sculptors were hired to carry out these works, including Johann Baptist Hagenauer.
Roundabout
The main axis of the garden points towards a 60 meter high hill, which since 1775 has been crowned by the Glorieta (Vienna Glorieta). Maria Theresa decided that this Glorieta should be designed to glorify Habsburg power and the "just war" (a war that is waged out of necessity and leads to peace), and ordered the builders to reuse the "otherwise useless stone" left from the demolition of the nearby Neugebäude Palace.
Roman ruins
Originally known as the ruins of Carthage, the Roman ruins are a set of architectural whims "Caprice (architecture)") designed by architect Johann Ferdinand Hetzendorf von Hohenberg and erected in 1778 as a completely new architectural element. The taste for picturesque ruins, which became widespread with the rise of Romanticism at the end of the century, symbolized both the decline of the ancient great powers and the preservation of the remains of a heroic past. The Roman ruins consist of a rectangular pond surrounded by a large arch with side walls, giving the impression of an ancient building that is slowly crumbling.
Activities in Schönbrunn today
El Palacio de Schönbrunn es la atracción turística más popular de Viena, con 3 800 000 visitantes en 2017.[6] Todo el complejo de Schönbrunn, incluido el Zoológico, la casa de las palmeras "Palmenhaus (Schönbrunn)"), la casa del desierto, el Museo de Carruajes Imperiales y los Conciertos del Palacio de Schönbrunn, contabilizó más de cinco millones de visitantes en 2009.[7].
En el sitio web oficial se pueden comprar entradas por adelantado para las visitas guiadas. Además de las visitas guiadas y los paquetes turísticos, se puede disfrutar de muchos conciertos clásicos con la música de Mozart y sus contemporáneos y el beneficio añadido de pasar más tiempo en los espectaculares salones, la orangerie o el teatro del palacio. El concierto de una noche de verano de la Filarmónica de Viena se realiza cada año en los terrenos de Schönbrunn.
Schönbrunn Palace Concerts
The Schönbrunn Palace Concerts are performed by the Schönbrunn Palace Orchestra. Founded in 1997, it has been led by opera director Guido Mancusi since 1998. Mancusi also founded the Schönbrunn Chamber Opera and the Schönbrunn Palace Concert series. In Vienna, they offer daily concerts at the site of the famous competition between Mozart and Salieri in 1786. They have a wealth of experience working with ballet singers and dancers. The orchestra also tours periodically around the world.
Film and television productions
The palace and its gardens have been the setting for numerous film and television productions, including the 1950s Sissi trilogy "Sissi (film)"), the film Scandal at Court, starring Sophia Loren, and the James Bond film The Living Daylights "The Living Daylights (film)"), when Bond (Timothy Dalton) and Kara ride through Schönbrunn Garden; The palace can also be seen during the closing credits.[8] The comedy The Great Race was filmed there in 1965. Jackie Chan filmed scenes from The Armor of God on the palace grounds. More recently, the television series The Crown Prince was filmed there, starring Max von Thun as Crown Prince Rudolph "Rudolph of Habsburg (Crown Prince of Austria)") and Klaus Maria Brandauer as Emperor Franz Joseph.
Several episodes of the Austrian television series Kommissar Rex have been filmed there. In the second episode of the manga series Kuroshitsuji, the butler Sebastian Michaelis tells his young master, Ciel, that he was invited to the evenings at Schönbrunn Palace before he signed his contract with him while teaching him how to dance. The Dutch violinist André Rieu and the Johann Strauss Orchestra, together with the Opera Babes, used it in 2003 as the backdrop for a version of the Anthem of Europe, the Ode to Joy "Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)").
In the third stage of The Amazing Race 4, the palace hosted a fast-forward task "The Amazing Race") in which a team had to carry trays of champagne glasses through a ballroom with waltzing couples without spilling any of the drinks.[9] In the sixth stage of The Amazing Race 23, the teams had to run through the garden maze and look for the pit stop located in the Glorieta.[10].
In the Disney animated television series Little Einsteins, Schönbrunn Palace appears in the second season episode The Glass Slipper Ball, first broadcast in January 2007. It features two orange clownfish based on the characters Marlin and Nemo from the 2003 animated film Finding Nemo and Andy Warhol's fish paintings, and the waltz The Blue Danube by Johann Strauss II "Johann Strauss (son)"). This episode is inspired by the 1950 animated film Cinderella "Cinderella (1950 film)"), in turn based on the story of the same name by Charles Perrault.
The Schönbrunn Palace silver coin
The palace was selected as the main motif of a high-value commemorative coin, the Schönbrunn Palace Austrian ten-euro silver coin, minted on October 8, 2003. Its obverse shows the central part of the palace's façade behind one of the large fountains in its gardens.
• - Hofburg Imperial Palace.
• - Belvedere Palace.
• - Annex:Baroque palatial residences.
• - Annex: World Heritage in Austria.
• - Schönbrunn official website.
• - Information about Schönbrunn.
• - Everycastle.com: history and images of Schönbrunn.
• - Panoramic image of Schönbrunn (12,000 megapixels).
• - Wien.info: Schönbrunn Palace, "the former summer residence of Empress Sisi."
• - Schönbrunn Palace: My Way of Telling History (PDF).
• - Official map of Vienna: Schönbrunn.
• - Video of a walk through the gardens of Schönbrunn Palace.
• - Video about the Japanese garden in the Schönbrunn Palace park.
References
[1] ↑ a b «Palace and Gardens of Schönbrunn» (en inglés). UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Consultado el 24 de noviembre de 2024.: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/786
[2] ↑ «Official website» (en alemán). schoenbrunn.at. Consultado el 24 de noviembre de 2024.: http://www.schoenbrunn.at