Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
Introduction
Root Cause Analysis (ACR or RCA in its English acronym) is a problem-solving method that attempts to prevent the recurrence of a problem or defect by identifying its causes.[1].
There are several effective measures (methods) that address the root causes of a problem. Therefore ACR is an iterative process and a tool for continuous improvement.
This methodology is normally used reactively to identify the cause of an event, to reveal problems and resolve them. The analysis is performed after the event has occurred. A good understanding of the ACR allows the methodology to be preventive and forecast probable events before they happen.
Root cause analysis is not a simple and clear-cut methodology; There are many tools, processes and philosophies when conducting an ACR. However, there are several broadly defined or current approaches that can be identified by their simple treatment or field of origin: safety-based, production-based, process-based, failure-based, and systems-based.
Despite the different approaches between the different streams of root cause analysis, they all have some principles in common. Which allows defining general processes to carry out an ACR.
General process for performing and documenting a root cause analysis of a corrective action[1]
The ACR (in steps 3, 4, and 5) represents the most critical part of a corrective action, as it directs the corrective action to the true root of the problem. Recognizing the root cause is secondary to the goal of prevention (it is not the end in itself), but if the root cause is not known, it will not be possible to determine the effectiveness of the corrective action for the detected problem.
References
- [1] ↑ a b Duke Okes (2009). Root Cause Analysis; The Core of Problem Solving and Corrective Action. American Society for Quality, Quality Press, Milwaukee.