Robotic architecture
Introduction
Robotics is the discipline that deals with the design, operation, manufacturing, study and application of automata or robots. It combines areas such as mechanical, electrical, electronic, biomedical engineering and computer science to create tools that can perform tasks efficiently, quickly and in environments inaccessible to humans.[1][2].
Robotics combines various disciplines such as computer science, artificial intelligence, control engineering and physics.[3] Other important areas in robotics are algebra, programmable automata, animatronics and state machines, and it is also used as a teaching aid.[4].
The term robot became popular with the success of the work R.U.R. (Rossum Universal Robots) "R.U.R. (Rossum Universal Robots)"), written by Karel Čapek in 1921. In the English translation of said work the Czech word robota, which means forced labor or worker, was translated into English as robot.[5].
Advances in robotics have shown that there are robotic devices that can move and interact with their environment based on the enormous availability of precise sensors and high-performance motors, and the development of complex algorithms that allow mapping, localization, planning movements and orientation using coordinates.[6].
History of robotics
Robotics is linked to the construction of "artifacts" that tried to materialize the human desire to create beings in their likeness and at the same time relieve them of tedious or dangerous work. The Spanish engineer Leonardo Torres Quevedo (who built the first remote control for his automobile using telegraphy, the automatic chess player, the first air shuttle and many other devices), coined the term "automatic" in relation to the theory of automation of traditionally associated tasks.
The term robotics is coined by Isaac Asimov, defining the science that studies robots. Asimov also created the three laws of robotics. In science fiction, robots have been imagined visiting new worlds, seizing power, or simply relieving household chores. Robots are widely used in manufacturing, assembly, packaging, mining, transportation, space exploration, surgery,[7] weaponry, laboratory research, security, and the mass production of consumer and industrial goods.[8].