Review of manual pumps
Introduction
A hydraulic pump or water pump is a generating machine that transforms the energy with which it is driven (generally mechanical energy) into energy of the incompressible fluid it moves. The incompressible fluid can be liquid or a mixture of liquids and solids such as concrete before setting or paper pulp. By increasing the energy of the fluid, its pressure, speed or height increase, all of them related according to Bernoulli's principle. In general, a pump is used to increase the pressure of a liquid by adding energy to the hydraulic system, to move the fluid from an area of lower pressure to one of higher pressure.
There is an ambiguity in the use of the term pump[1] (also pump),[2][3] since it is generally used to refer to fluid machines that transfer energy, or pump (also pump)[4][5][3] incompressible fluids, and therefore do not alter the density of their working fluid, unlike other machines such as compressors "Compressor (machine)"), whose field The application is pneumatic and not hydraulic. But it is also common to find the term pump to refer to machines that pump other types of fluids, such as vacuum pumps or air pumps.
History
The first known bomb was described by Archimedes in the century BC. C. and is known as the Archimedean screw, although a similar system had previously been used by Sennacherib, king of Assyria in the century BC. C.[6].
In the 19th century, Al Jazarí described and illustrated different types of pumps, including reversible pumps, double-acting pumps, vacuum pumps, water pumps, and positive displacement pumps.[7][8].
Types of pumps
According to the principle of operation
The main classification of pumps is established according to the operating system on which they are based.
• - Pumps volumetric, in which their operating principle is based on hydrostatics, so that the increase in pressure is carried out by the thrust of the walls of the chambers that vary their volume. In this type of pumps, in each cycle the propelling member positively generates a given volume or displacement. If the maximum volume of the displacement can be varied, we speak of variable volume pumps. If this volume cannot be varied, then the pump is said to be a fixed volume pump. In turn, this type of pumps can be subdivided into: