Contenido

El paciente o herido debe ser levantado (alzado) para ser puesto sobre la camilla. Ese alzado se puede hacer manualmente: entre dos o más enfermeras o paramédicos toman al paciente de los pies, los hombros y la cabeza, tratando de que no se mueva el cuello. El paciente también puede ser alzado con dispositivos específicos. Esos dispositivos también se pueden usar como camillas, pero solo en distancias cortas.

Elevation stretcher

In the past, a board was used to lift and place a victim on the stretcher. If the presence of spinal trauma was suspected, the victim was held by the feet, shoulders and head (which was colloquially called the "Tupac Amaru effect", since generally - if there were broken vertebrae - it produced very serious traumas to the spinal cord, brain, etc.). Meanwhile, one of the nurses pushed the board under the patient and the patient was supported on the board and tied to it. The board was then lifted and placed on the transport stretcher. Immobilization could be carried out using a "vacuum mattress" placed on the stretcher. It is a metal, wood or better polymer board with a metal structure (rigid, washable and invisible to X-rays) it is a little larger and longer than a human body, with handles. It is used to remove victims from vehicles.

Immobilization of the spine can be performed:.

Its advantages compared to the vacuum mattress" are:

Its disadvantages:

When there is no suspicion of spinal trauma"), the vacuum mattress can be used directly as a stretcher (since it has handles), which is important in narrow places where the stretcher could not be kept horizontal; it is safer and more comfortable than strapping the victim to the stretcher.

Shovel stretcher

The shovel stretcher represented an improvement to the lifting table. It is a device used to lift the victim when the presence of spinal trauma is suspected. The victim is lifted slightly by the feet, shoulders and head. Because it is not necessary to lift it completely, the “Tupac Amaru effect” is less serious. While the patient is hanging by the feet, shoulders and head, another paramedic places the shovel on the ground and the "weapon" in seconds under the patient. Then it is supported on the shovel and tied to it. The paddle is lifted and simply placed on the stretcher. The shovel stretcher mainly has the shape of its name (shovel) and is commonly yellow or phosphorescent in color.

Automatic emergency stretcher

The automatic emergency stretcher is used for the non-traumatic lifting of a patient or injured person. The corresponding invention patent is owned by Claudio Blotta, from Rosario (Argentina) "Rosario (Argentina)"). It is covered by an endless sheet, which works like a conveyor belt made up of thin rubber cylinders. In 30 seconds this plate is inserted between the patient and any flat surface (such as a bed or the floor). Once the patient is completely positioned on the emergency stretcher (without having moved a single muscle, bone or joint), the stretcher can be raised to transport the patient to another bed or to a hospital or ambulance stretcher. To unload the patient onto another stretcher, the reverse procedure is used: the emergency stretcher slowly "comes out" from below the patient.[3] This stretcher completely avoids the "Tupac Amaru effect" (which is generated when paramedics lift the patient to place them on a conventional stretcher, and involuntarily pull their limbs and neck).

Flexible stretcher

When there is no trauma, the patient can be lifted with a "flexible" stretcher, which is a type of canvas with handles. The tarp is rolled up on the floor next to the victim; This is turned on its side to be able to introduce the tarp under it, then the tarp is unrolled. This is especially useful with very heavy patients. The tarp has six handles, so six people can lift it. When the patient has to be transferred to another stretcher, the canvas is placed directly on a normal stretcher. When the flexible stretcher is used alone, a sheet is usually placed over it to avoid direct skin contact with the plastic sheet.

The Nimier stretcher

The Nimier stretcher) (brancard Nimier) was the one used by the French army during the First World War. The victim had to be placed in a sitting position (that is, with the thighs perpendicular to the trunk). In this way the stretcher was shorter and could turn in the corners of a trench.[4]​.