Replacing racks and cabling
Introduction
In the field of telecommunications, in a broad sense, a telephone exchange is the place (it can be a building, a premises, a booth, or a container) used by a telephone operating company where the switching equipment "Switching (communication networks)") and the other facilities necessary for the operation of telephone calls are housed. That is, it is the place where connections are established between the ties (loops) of the subscribers, either directly or through retransmissions of the voice signal between exchanges. The exchanges are connected to each other through communication links between exchanges or inter-exchange links. In the telephone exchange the subscriber lines end and the communication links originate with other telephone exchanges of the same or different hierarchy or, where appropriate, the links or interurban circuits necessary for the connection with exchanges in other towns originate.
The telephone exchanges are located in buildings intended to house the transmission and switching equipment that make communication between the different subscribers possible.[1] The power equipment and the general distributor or MDF (Main distribution frame) are also located there.
The term is often used as a synonym for switching equipment rather than a building or location. In this sense, currently a growing part of these devices no longer perform the switching physically but rather through information packets, in what is sometimes called virtual switchboards,[2] a cloud-based IP telephony system, used mostly by companies and organizations.
The term telephone exchange is also frequently used to refer to the place, the equipment, and the material arranged there (internal plant). Private telephone exchanges, unlike public telephone exchanges, intercommunicate headquarters or annexes within a company or organization, and sometimes, these headquarters or annexes share through this exchange the physical or trunk lines supplied by the telephone exchange of the public network, which are used to communicate with the outside world.
The first telephone exchange was invented in 1877 by the Hungarian Tivadar Puskás, who worked with Thomas Alva Edison.
Telephone exchange hierarchy
Contenido
Los equipos de conmutación de una se llaman también nodos "Nodo (informática)") telefónicos. Estos nodos se encuentran jerarquizados. Los nodos de acceso, más próximos a los abonados, se comunican con nodos de jerarquía más alta (regionales, provinciales, etc.), que facilitan la interconexión con otros nodos del operador o de otros operadores de telefonía pública básica conmutada o de otros servicios de telecomunicación como ADSL.