Manchester was a role model in the era of the new industrial cities. This small town had the advantage of having water power and also access to the sea in Liverpool.

Several writers went to Manchester but a French writer named Alexis de Tocqueville (1835) was mainly recognized, who said a very famous phrase: "pure gold flows from this dirty pipe." This phrase represents that Manchester is a small and inconspicuous town but shows that, even so, it produces appreciable elements. In fact, it came to demonstrate the worst and best part of the Industrial Revolution since several employees of factories and companies were fired and replaced by machines and also the good part because it demonstrated well to those in the middle class and the mill owners what could be achieved and how far one could progress economically.

Also at that time, children and adults worked almost like slaves, until after a time this changed, since the workers' struggle limited working hours and raised the age necessary to start working. The rights of the people began to be enforced, but still, due to all the industries and pollution, the environment in that area suffered several serious damages.

Manchester has representation at two levels of government, Manchester City Council ("local" level) and the British Parliament ("national" level). Greater Manchester County Council was abolished in 1986, so the city council is effectively a unitary authority. Since its creation in 1995, Manchester has been a member of the Major English Cities Group"),[11]​ which, among other things, serves to promote the social, cultural and economic status of the city internationally.

City status was granted to Manchester in a charter by Thomas Grelley in 1301 but it lost its borough status in a court case of 1359. Until the 19th century, local government was provided by manorial courts, the last of which ended in 1846.[12]

In 1885, Bradford, Harpurhey, Rusholme and parts of the boroughs of Moss Side and Withington became part of the city of Manchester. In 1889, the city became the 'county borough' of Manchester, autonomous from Lancashire control. Between 1890 and 1933, further areas were added to Manchester from Lancashire, including the villages of Burnage, Chorlton, Didsbury, Fallowfield, Levenshulme, Longsight and Withington. In 1974, by the Local Government Act 1972, the City of Manchester became a distinct administrative division within the county of Greater Manchester. That year, Ringway, the town where Manchester Airport is located, was added to the city.

Contenido

La ciudad de Mánchester se encuentra ubicada a 257 km al noroeste de Londres. Limita al norte y al este con las colinas de los Peninos, una cadena montañosa que corre a lo largo del norte de Inglaterra y al sur por la llanura de Cheshire. El centro de la ciudad se encuentra a la orilla oriental del río Irwell, cerca de su confluencia con el río Black y el río Irk, con tierras relativamente bajas de entre 35 y 42 m s. n. m.[13]​ El río Mersey fluye a través del sur de Mánchester. Gran parte del centro de la ciudad, especialmente en el sur, es plano, lo que ofrece amplias vistas de los edificios de gran altura y de muchas de las laderas y páramos de los Peninos, los cuales, a menudo, suelen ser cubiertos por nieve en los meses de invierno. Las características geográficas de Mánchester fueron muy influyentes en su desarrollo temprano como primera ciudad industrial del mundo; estas características son su clima, su proximidad a un puerto marítimo como lo es el de Liverpool, la disponibilidad de la energía hidráulica del agua de sus ríos y sus reservas de carbón cercanas.[14]​.

Climate

Manchester has a temperate maritime climate, like much of the British Isles, with warm summers and cold winters. There is light but regular precipitation throughout the year. The city's average annual rainfall is 806.6 millimeters[15]​ compared to the UK average of 1,125.0 millimeters,[16]​ and its average number of rainy days per year is 142.9,[15]​ compared to the UK average of 154.4.[16]​ Manchester, however, has a relatively high level of humidity and this, together with the abundant supply of decalcifiers, was one of the factors that led to the location of the textile industry in the area.[17] Snowfall is very infrequent in the city, due to the effect of urban warming. However, the Pennine hills and Rossendale Forest, which surround the town to the east and north, receive some precipitation in the form of snow and roads leading out of the town can sometimes be closed due to snow,[18] most notably the A62 through Oldham and Standedge), the A57 (known as Snake Pass) towards Sheffield,[19] and the M62 over Saddleworth Moor).

El censo de población de 2011 del Reino Unido indicó una total de 503 127 habitantes, mostrando un aumento de un 19 % respecto al censo de 2001.[22]​ Según el censo, aproximadamente 92 000 eran menores de 15 años, más de 388.000 estaban entre los 17 y 64 años y aproximadamente 23 000 eran mayores de 65 años. De acuerdo al censo, el 70 % de la población de Mánchester había nacido en el Reino Unido, mientras que en sí, el 77 % de la población es de origen europeo, un 2,3 % son de origen irlandés, el 11,3 % es de origen asiático, de los cuales 3,4 % provienen de la India, el 5,2 % de Pakistán, y un 1,4 % de Bangladés, un 1,8 % de la población es de origen afrocaribeño, un 2,5 % de África, aproximadamente un 1,8 % es de etnia china, y un 5,5 % es de origen italiano.[23]​ Mánchester tiene una tasa de desempleo más alta que la de cualquier otra autoridad local en el Reino Unido.[24]​ Un informe de 2007 señaló que «el 60 % de las personas de Mánchester están viviendo en algunas de las zonas más pobres de todo el Reino Unido».

Religion

In terms of religion, Manchester is one of the most diverse cities in the United Kingdom. In 2015, Muslims in Manchester exceeded 25% of the census, as did the suburbs of Birmingham, Bradford and Leicester.[25] This contrasts with the old data from the 2001 census: 71% of the population was Christian, 9.1% was Muslim, while just over 1% professed other religions. Approximately 16% of the population profess no religion (exceeding the UK average of 14.8).[26] Manchester is the second largest Jewish city in the United Kingdom, as well as being one of the British cities with the largest Muslim population.

Manchester was at the forefront of the Industrial Revolution in the century and was a major manufacturing centre. The city's economy is now largely service-based and, as of 2007, it is the fastest growing in the United Kingdom, with foreign investment second only to that of the country's capital, London.[27] Manchester's State of the City Report identifies financial and professional services, life sciences industries, creative, cultural, media, manufacturing and telecommunications industries as the main economic activities.[27] It was ranked in 2010 as the second best place to do business in the United Kingdom and the twelfth best in Europe.[28]​.

A 2008 report by PriceWaterhouseCoopers showed that Manchester had the third largest economy of any UK city and the 74th largest in the world, with a GDP of $115 billion.[29] Manchester has the largest UK office market outside London, according to GVA Grimley, with an average quarterly office take of approximately 21,000 m²—more than Leeds' quarterly office take. Liverpool and Newcastle combined and over 7,000 m² more than nearest rival Birmingham.[30]​ The Greater Manchester region, in which the city is located, accounts for over £48 million in the UK's GVA (gross value added),[31]​ the third largest of all English counties and more than Wales or the North East of England.[32]​.

Manchester is a business hub serving local, regional and international markets.[33] It is the UK's fifth largest financial center outside London, with more than 96,300 people working in banking, finance and insurance.[34] The Co-operative Group, the world's largest consumer-owned company, is headquartered in Manchester and is one of the city's largest employers. Legal, accounting, management consultancy and other professional and technical services are widely used. importance in Manchester.[33]​.

Manchester's financial center is located in the city centre, adjacent to Piccadilly"), and includes Mosley Street"), Deansgate"), King Street&action=edit&redlink=1 "King Street (Manchester) (not yet drafted)") and Piccadilly. Spinningfields") is a £1.5 billion mixed-use development area expanding into the western Deansgate district. The area is designed to maintain office space, shopping and restaurant facilities, as well as courts. Several high-profile tenants have moved to the area and a Civil Justice Center opened its doors in October 2007.[35]​.

Manchester is the commercial, educational and cultural center of the north-west of England[33]​ and in 2010 it was ranked the fourth most influential shopping area in the United Kingdom by sales.[36]​ The city's central shopping area is packed with stores, from chains to high-end boutiques, such as Vivienne Westwood, Emporio Armani, DKNY, Harvey Nichols, Boodles), Chanel and Hermès, among others.

Mánchester cuenta con 2 equipos de fútbol profesionales, y varios clubes deportivos de distintas disciplinas. Los recintos deportivos más destacados de Mánchester son el estadio Old Trafford y el estadio Ciudad de Mánchester, ambos de fútbol, el Velódromo de Mánchester de ciclismo en pista, la Manchester Evening News Arena usado para distintos eventos, entre otros.

Soccer

The two big football teams that compete in the Premier League with Manchester United, from the Old Trafford region, which plays at home in the stadium of the same name, and Manchester City, which does the same at the Etihad Stadium "Etihad Stadium (Manchester)"). The confrontations between the two are usually among the most attractive, reaching millions of viewers worldwide. At the same time, there is a third team, FC United of Manchester (not to be confused with Manchester United), which plays in the National League North (fifth division) and was created in 2005 after the sale of Manchester United to the Glazzers. The team was founded by fans dissatisfied with the sale of the English giant.

Manchester United is known for being one of the most successful teams in the history of English football with 20 league titles, 11 FA Cup, 6 League Cup "Football League Cup (England)"), 20 Community Shield, 3 UEFA Champions League, among others, being the most winning English team with 66 total titles (58 national and 8 International). It is one of the teams with the most income, with more than 3 billion USD, only surpassed by the Spanish club Real Madrid. It is also one of the most popular clubs worldwide and most prestigious,[37]​ with more than 600 million followers around the world. Manchester City, the other big team in Manchester, maintains a certain rivalry with Manchester United. The club is known for having played until 2003 at Maine Road, an old emblematic stadium in all of England, and then playing at the City of Manchester stadium. The club had its best times in the 1960s and 1970s, winning the First Division League championship, FA Cup, League Cup "League Cup (England)") and the European Cup Winners' Cup. After losing the 1981 FA Cup final, the club went through a period of decline, culminating in relegation to the third division of English football in 1998. After regaining its place in the Premier League, on September 1, 2008, Abu Dhabi United Group for Development and Investment, an investment group from the United Arab Emirates with Mansour bin Zayed Al-Nahyan as the largest shareholder, took control of the club for about 250 million euros, taking over from Thaksin Shinawatra, until then owner of the entity. Since the arrival of the new owners, the club has obtained a total of 14 official titles, winning the Premier League in 2012, 2014, 2018, 2019, 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024.

Events

The largest sporting event held was the 2002 Commonwealth Games, also being one of the most important sporting events in the history of the entire United Kingdom. Manchester was also a candidate to host several competitions, such as the 1996 Atlanta and 2000 Sydney Olympic Games. Events have also been held such as the Rugby League World Cup in 2013 and 2015, the 2010 World Lacrosse Championship, the 2008 World Track Cycling Championship, among others.

In terms of higher education, Manchester is home to two universities. The University of Manchester is the largest full-time non-chartered university in the United Kingdom and was created in 2004 through the merger of Victoria University of Manchester with UMIST. This includes Manchester Business School, which delivered the first MBA course in the UK in 1965. The other institution is Manchester Metropolitan University, formed as Manchester Polytechnic after the merger of three colleges in 1970. It gained university status in 1992, and in the same year Crewe and Alsager College of Higher Education in south Cheshire became part of the institution.

The University of Manchester, Manchester Metropolitan University and the Royal Northern College of Music are located close to Oxford Road, located in the southern part of the city centre. Together they form the largest urban higher education campus in Europe with 73,160 students, although almost 6,000 of these students are at Manchester Metropolitan University's campuses in Crewe and Alsager in Cheshire.

Mánchester tiene una gran cantidad de museos, entre ellos The Lowry, Manchester Art Gallery, Urbis (sede del Museo Nacional del Fútbol) y el Museo de Mánchester (Museo de Historia), con abundantes piezas del antiguo Egipto. En la ciudad se encuentra la biblioteca John Rylands, donde se conserva el manuscrito más antiguo de los evangelios que aún sobrevive: parte del evangelio según San Juan.

Music

In musical trends, the New Wave of the 80s stands out, and it is also worth highlighting the era called Madchester with the acid house boom at the end of the 80s. Such relevant groups and soloists have emerged from Manchester as Joy Division, Oasis "Oasis (band)"), Barclay James Harvest, Herman's Hermits, Van Der Graaf Generator, The Hollies, Buzzcocks, The Fall, The Smiths (and later their leader Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr), The Durutti Column, A Certain Ratio, Simply Red, Happy Mondays, James "James (band)"), Take That, Quando Quango"), The Stone Roses, Inspiral Carpets, New Order, Black Grape"), Paris Angels"), The Chemical Brothers, 808 State"), A Guy called Gerald"), Northside, Electronic, John Foxx and Foghat. Manchester was the birthplace of Stuart Adamson, guitarist of The Skids and (also singer) of Big Country. Many of These bands appeared in the cult musical film 24 Hour Party People directed by Michael Winterbottom in 2002, which tells the story of Tony Wilson and his record label Factory Records.

Manchester has two professional orchestras, the Hallé and the BBC Philharmonic. The auditorium where they perform is called Manchester Camerata. In the educational field, it has the Royal Northern College of Music, a conservatory where Harrison Birtwistle, Peter Maxwell Davies, Alexander Goehr, among others, have performed. Another music school is Chetham's School of Music").

• - University of Manchester.

• - Official City of Manchester website.

• - National Statistics Profile.

Around the year 79 AD. C. The first Roman settlement was established as a wooden fortress in the area of ​​Mamucium (or Mancumium), near the current Castlefield.[4]​ By the century it was replaced by a stone construction around which a small community was established. By the century the Roman armies left the fortification.[5]​ In the century the Nico Ditch was built.

Manchester is recorded as having held a market in 1282. Around the 19th century, Manchester received an influx of Flemish weavers, who are sometimes credited with founding the region's textile industry. The city thus became an important center for the manufacture and trade of wool and linen, and by around 1540, it had expanded to become, in the words of John Leland, "the fairest, best city." built, fastest and most populous in all of Lancashire".[8]​ Chetham's cathedral and buildings are the only significant survivors of Leland's Manchester.[9]​.

During the English Civil War, Manchester strongly favored the parliamentary interest. Although it did not last long, Cromwell granted him the right to elect his own deputy. [10]

Manchester became a small merchant town until the Industrial Revolution, which began in the 19th century. The wet climate made it ideal in the UK. Today the Trafford Park area, to the south-west of the city, remains one of the largest industrial areas in the world, with the headquarters of Kelloggs Company Europe, Rolls Royce, and Manchester United Football Club. Trafford Park was also the first site outside of America to produce the Ford Model T, in 1911.

Manchester's population skyrocketed with the rural exodus to industry. Growth was helped by close proximity to the port of Liverpool. To speed up the arrival of coal, cotton and other raw materials to Manchester from Liverpool, the Bridgewater Canal (the Duke of Bridgewater's canal) was built in 1761 to connect the two cities. Years later, the firm George Stephenson built the world's first railway line, between Manchester and Liverpool. In 1894, Queen Victoria opened the Manchester Sea Canal, which turned Manchester into a seaport, in practical terms.

The city of Manchester became the first industrial city in the world, and an example - in good and bad - for the entire Western world.

The proximity of the city to Liverpool and the similar size that both have is the cause of great rivalry, which has not always been friendly.

At 11:20 in the morning on Saturday, June 15, 1996, the IRA detonated a large explosive charge in the city center, just as the Euro Cup was being held. As a result of the damage caused to the Arndale Center and buildings near Victoria station, the urban center has been regenerated with complexes such as Printworks and the Triangle, creating large commercial and recreational areas.

In 2002, Manchester hosted the 17th edition of the Commonwealth Games with great success, after failing to win the 1996 Olympic Games, which were held in Atlanta, United States, and the 2000 Olympic Games, held in Sydney, Australia.

On May 22, 2017, a terrorist attack occurred during the singer Ariana Grande's concert at the Manchester Arena, leaving 22 people dead and 116 injured, most of them teenagers or children. The attack was organized by the Islamic State terrorist group, also known as ISIS.

Manchester was a role model in the era of the new industrial cities. This small town had the advantage of having water power and also access to the sea in Liverpool.

Several writers went to Manchester but a French writer named Alexis de Tocqueville (1835) was mainly recognized, who said a very famous phrase: "pure gold flows from this dirty pipe." This phrase represents that Manchester is a small and inconspicuous town but shows that, even so, it produces appreciable elements. In fact, it came to demonstrate the worst and best part of the Industrial Revolution since several employees of factories and companies were fired and replaced by machines and also the good part because it demonstrated well to those in the middle class and the mill owners what could be achieved and how far one could progress economically.

Also at that time, children and adults worked almost like slaves, until after a time this changed, since the workers' struggle limited working hours and raised the age necessary to start working. The rights of the people began to be enforced, but still, due to all the industries and pollution, the environment in that area suffered several serious damages.

Manchester has representation at two levels of government, Manchester City Council ("local" level) and the British Parliament ("national" level). Greater Manchester County Council was abolished in 1986, so the city council is effectively a unitary authority. Since its creation in 1995, Manchester has been a member of the Major English Cities Group"),[11]​ which, among other things, serves to promote the social, cultural and economic status of the city internationally.

City status was granted to Manchester in a charter by Thomas Grelley in 1301 but it lost its borough status in a court case of 1359. Until the 19th century, local government was provided by manorial courts, the last of which ended in 1846.[12]

In 1885, Bradford, Harpurhey, Rusholme and parts of the boroughs of Moss Side and Withington became part of the city of Manchester. In 1889, the city became the 'county borough' of Manchester, autonomous from Lancashire control. Between 1890 and 1933, further areas were added to Manchester from Lancashire, including the villages of Burnage, Chorlton, Didsbury, Fallowfield, Levenshulme, Longsight and Withington. In 1974, by the Local Government Act 1972, the City of Manchester became a distinct administrative division within the county of Greater Manchester. That year, Ringway, the town where Manchester Airport is located, was added to the city.

Contenido

La ciudad de Mánchester se encuentra ubicada a 257 km al noroeste de Londres. Limita al norte y al este con las colinas de los Peninos, una cadena montañosa que corre a lo largo del norte de Inglaterra y al sur por la llanura de Cheshire. El centro de la ciudad se encuentra a la orilla oriental del río Irwell, cerca de su confluencia con el río Black y el río Irk, con tierras relativamente bajas de entre 35 y 42 m s. n. m.[13]​ El río Mersey fluye a través del sur de Mánchester. Gran parte del centro de la ciudad, especialmente en el sur, es plano, lo que ofrece amplias vistas de los edificios de gran altura y de muchas de las laderas y páramos de los Peninos, los cuales, a menudo, suelen ser cubiertos por nieve en los meses de invierno. Las características geográficas de Mánchester fueron muy influyentes en su desarrollo temprano como primera ciudad industrial del mundo; estas características son su clima, su proximidad a un puerto marítimo como lo es el de Liverpool, la disponibilidad de la energía hidráulica del agua de sus ríos y sus reservas de carbón cercanas.[14]​.

Climate

Manchester has a temperate maritime climate, like much of the British Isles, with warm summers and cold winters. There is light but regular precipitation throughout the year. The city's average annual rainfall is 806.6 millimeters[15]​ compared to the UK average of 1,125.0 millimeters,[16]​ and its average number of rainy days per year is 142.9,[15]​ compared to the UK average of 154.4.[16]​ Manchester, however, has a relatively high level of humidity and this, together with the abundant supply of decalcifiers, was one of the factors that led to the location of the textile industry in the area.[17] Snowfall is very infrequent in the city, due to the effect of urban warming. However, the Pennine hills and Rossendale Forest, which surround the town to the east and north, receive some precipitation in the form of snow and roads leading out of the town can sometimes be closed due to snow,[18] most notably the A62 through Oldham and Standedge), the A57 (known as Snake Pass) towards Sheffield,[19] and the M62 over Saddleworth Moor).

El censo de población de 2011 del Reino Unido indicó una total de 503 127 habitantes, mostrando un aumento de un 19 % respecto al censo de 2001.[22]​ Según el censo, aproximadamente 92 000 eran menores de 15 años, más de 388.000 estaban entre los 17 y 64 años y aproximadamente 23 000 eran mayores de 65 años. De acuerdo al censo, el 70 % de la población de Mánchester había nacido en el Reino Unido, mientras que en sí, el 77 % de la población es de origen europeo, un 2,3 % son de origen irlandés, el 11,3 % es de origen asiático, de los cuales 3,4 % provienen de la India, el 5,2 % de Pakistán, y un 1,4 % de Bangladés, un 1,8 % de la población es de origen afrocaribeño, un 2,5 % de África, aproximadamente un 1,8 % es de etnia china, y un 5,5 % es de origen italiano.[23]​ Mánchester tiene una tasa de desempleo más alta que la de cualquier otra autoridad local en el Reino Unido.[24]​ Un informe de 2007 señaló que «el 60 % de las personas de Mánchester están viviendo en algunas de las zonas más pobres de todo el Reino Unido».

Religion

In terms of religion, Manchester is one of the most diverse cities in the United Kingdom. In 2015, Muslims in Manchester exceeded 25% of the census, as did the suburbs of Birmingham, Bradford and Leicester.[25] This contrasts with the old data from the 2001 census: 71% of the population was Christian, 9.1% was Muslim, while just over 1% professed other religions. Approximately 16% of the population profess no religion (exceeding the UK average of 14.8).[26] Manchester is the second largest Jewish city in the United Kingdom, as well as being one of the British cities with the largest Muslim population.

Manchester was at the forefront of the Industrial Revolution in the century and was a major manufacturing centre. The city's economy is now largely service-based and, as of 2007, it is the fastest growing in the United Kingdom, with foreign investment second only to that of the country's capital, London.[27] Manchester's State of the City Report identifies financial and professional services, life sciences industries, creative, cultural, media, manufacturing and telecommunications industries as the main economic activities.[27] It was ranked in 2010 as the second best place to do business in the United Kingdom and the twelfth best in Europe.[28]​.

A 2008 report by PriceWaterhouseCoopers showed that Manchester had the third largest economy of any UK city and the 74th largest in the world, with a GDP of $115 billion.[29] Manchester has the largest UK office market outside London, according to GVA Grimley, with an average quarterly office take of approximately 21,000 m²—more than Leeds' quarterly office take. Liverpool and Newcastle combined and over 7,000 m² more than nearest rival Birmingham.[30]​ The Greater Manchester region, in which the city is located, accounts for over £48 million in the UK's GVA (gross value added),[31]​ the third largest of all English counties and more than Wales or the North East of England.[32]​.

Manchester is a business hub serving local, regional and international markets.[33] It is the UK's fifth largest financial center outside London, with more than 96,300 people working in banking, finance and insurance.[34] The Co-operative Group, the world's largest consumer-owned company, is headquartered in Manchester and is one of the city's largest employers. Legal, accounting, management consultancy and other professional and technical services are widely used. importance in Manchester.[33]​.

Manchester's financial center is located in the city centre, adjacent to Piccadilly"), and includes Mosley Street"), Deansgate"), King Street&action=edit&redlink=1 "King Street (Manchester) (not yet drafted)") and Piccadilly. Spinningfields") is a £1.5 billion mixed-use development area expanding into the western Deansgate district. The area is designed to maintain office space, shopping and restaurant facilities, as well as courts. Several high-profile tenants have moved to the area and a Civil Justice Center opened its doors in October 2007.[35]​.

Manchester is the commercial, educational and cultural center of the north-west of England[33]​ and in 2010 it was ranked the fourth most influential shopping area in the United Kingdom by sales.[36]​ The city's central shopping area is packed with stores, from chains to high-end boutiques, such as Vivienne Westwood, Emporio Armani, DKNY, Harvey Nichols, Boodles), Chanel and Hermès, among others.

Mánchester cuenta con 2 equipos de fútbol profesionales, y varios clubes deportivos de distintas disciplinas. Los recintos deportivos más destacados de Mánchester son el estadio Old Trafford y el estadio Ciudad de Mánchester, ambos de fútbol, el Velódromo de Mánchester de ciclismo en pista, la Manchester Evening News Arena usado para distintos eventos, entre otros.

Soccer

The two big football teams that compete in the Premier League with Manchester United, from the Old Trafford region, which plays at home in the stadium of the same name, and Manchester City, which does the same at the Etihad Stadium "Etihad Stadium (Manchester)"). The confrontations between the two are usually among the most attractive, reaching millions of viewers worldwide. At the same time, there is a third team, FC United of Manchester (not to be confused with Manchester United), which plays in the National League North (fifth division) and was created in 2005 after the sale of Manchester United to the Glazzers. The team was founded by fans dissatisfied with the sale of the English giant.

Manchester United is known for being one of the most successful teams in the history of English football with 20 league titles, 11 FA Cup, 6 League Cup "Football League Cup (England)"), 20 Community Shield, 3 UEFA Champions League, among others, being the most winning English team with 66 total titles (58 national and 8 International). It is one of the teams with the most income, with more than 3 billion USD, only surpassed by the Spanish club Real Madrid. It is also one of the most popular clubs worldwide and most prestigious,[37]​ with more than 600 million followers around the world. Manchester City, the other big team in Manchester, maintains a certain rivalry with Manchester United. The club is known for having played until 2003 at Maine Road, an old emblematic stadium in all of England, and then playing at the City of Manchester stadium. The club had its best times in the 1960s and 1970s, winning the First Division League championship, FA Cup, League Cup "League Cup (England)") and the European Cup Winners' Cup. After losing the 1981 FA Cup final, the club went through a period of decline, culminating in relegation to the third division of English football in 1998. After regaining its place in the Premier League, on September 1, 2008, Abu Dhabi United Group for Development and Investment, an investment group from the United Arab Emirates with Mansour bin Zayed Al-Nahyan as the largest shareholder, took control of the club for about 250 million euros, taking over from Thaksin Shinawatra, until then owner of the entity. Since the arrival of the new owners, the club has obtained a total of 14 official titles, winning the Premier League in 2012, 2014, 2018, 2019, 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024.

Events

The largest sporting event held was the 2002 Commonwealth Games, also being one of the most important sporting events in the history of the entire United Kingdom. Manchester was also a candidate to host several competitions, such as the 1996 Atlanta and 2000 Sydney Olympic Games. Events have also been held such as the Rugby League World Cup in 2013 and 2015, the 2010 World Lacrosse Championship, the 2008 World Track Cycling Championship, among others.

In terms of higher education, Manchester is home to two universities. The University of Manchester is the largest full-time non-chartered university in the United Kingdom and was created in 2004 through the merger of Victoria University of Manchester with UMIST. This includes Manchester Business School, which delivered the first MBA course in the UK in 1965. The other institution is Manchester Metropolitan University, formed as Manchester Polytechnic after the merger of three colleges in 1970. It gained university status in 1992, and in the same year Crewe and Alsager College of Higher Education in south Cheshire became part of the institution.

The University of Manchester, Manchester Metropolitan University and the Royal Northern College of Music are located close to Oxford Road, located in the southern part of the city centre. Together they form the largest urban higher education campus in Europe with 73,160 students, although almost 6,000 of these students are at Manchester Metropolitan University's campuses in Crewe and Alsager in Cheshire.

Mánchester tiene una gran cantidad de museos, entre ellos The Lowry, Manchester Art Gallery, Urbis (sede del Museo Nacional del Fútbol) y el Museo de Mánchester (Museo de Historia), con abundantes piezas del antiguo Egipto. En la ciudad se encuentra la biblioteca John Rylands, donde se conserva el manuscrito más antiguo de los evangelios que aún sobrevive: parte del evangelio según San Juan.

Music

In musical trends, the New Wave of the 80s stands out, and it is also worth highlighting the era called Madchester with the acid house boom at the end of the 80s. Such relevant groups and soloists have emerged from Manchester as Joy Division, Oasis "Oasis (band)"), Barclay James Harvest, Herman's Hermits, Van Der Graaf Generator, The Hollies, Buzzcocks, The Fall, The Smiths (and later their leader Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr), The Durutti Column, A Certain Ratio, Simply Red, Happy Mondays, James "James (band)"), Take That, Quando Quango"), The Stone Roses, Inspiral Carpets, New Order, Black Grape"), Paris Angels"), The Chemical Brothers, 808 State"), A Guy called Gerald"), Northside, Electronic, John Foxx and Foghat. Manchester was the birthplace of Stuart Adamson, guitarist of The Skids and (also singer) of Big Country. Many of These bands appeared in the cult musical film 24 Hour Party People directed by Michael Winterbottom in 2002, which tells the story of Tony Wilson and his record label Factory Records.

Manchester has two professional orchestras, the Hallé and the BBC Philharmonic. The auditorium where they perform is called Manchester Camerata. In the educational field, it has the Royal Northern College of Music, a conservatory where Harrison Birtwistle, Peter Maxwell Davies, Alexander Goehr, among others, have performed. Another music school is Chetham's School of Music").

• - University of Manchester.

• - Official City of Manchester website.

• - National Statistics Profile.