An avalanche is a severe winter storm with icy and windy conditions characterized by low temperatures, strong winds and snowfall.

Drought

A drought is a period of below-average rainfall in a given region, causing a prolonged shortage of water, whether atmospheric, surface or underground.

Scientists warn that climate change and global warming could lead to more extensive droughts in the coming years. These are likely to occur extended periods of drought on the African continent due to its low levels of precipitation and high temperatures.

Hailstorm

A hailstorm is a natural hazard in which a storm produces numerous hailstones that damage the location where they fall. Hailstorms can be devastating especially to crop fields, ruining crops and damaging machinery.

Heat wave

A heat wave is a threat characterized by heat that is considered extreme and unusual in the location where it occurs. Heat waves are rare and require specific combinations of weather events to occur, which may include thermal inversion, catabolic winds, or other phenomena. There is the possibility of long-term events causing global warming, including stadial events (the opposite of the "ice age"), or through human-caused climate change.

Cyclone

A cyclone is a large-scale air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure.

Hurricane, tropical cyclone, and typhoon are different names for the cyclonic storm system that forms over the oceans. It is caused by the evaporation of water that leaves the ocean and becomes a storm. The Coriolis Effect causes storms to spin at 74 mph (119 km/h). The term hurricane is used to determine these phenomena in the Atlantic and eastern Pacific oceans, while tropical cyclone in the Indian Ocean, and typhoon in the western Pacific.

ice storm

An ice storm is a particular meteorological phenomenon in which precipitation falls in the form of ice, due to atmospheric conditions. It is considered harmful.

Tornado

Tornado is a natural disaster that results from a thunderstorm. Tornadoes are violent, spinning columns of air that can blow at speeds between 80 km/h (50 mph) and 480 km/h (300 mph) and possibly higher. This phenomenon can occur one at a time, or it can occur in tornado surges associated with supercells or in other large areas of thunderstorm development. Water sleeves are tornadoes that occur over tropical waters in light rain conditions.

Climate change

Climate change can increase or decrease climate threats, and also endanger urbanization due to sea level rise, as well as biological organisms due to habitat destruction.

Geomagnetic storm

Geomagnetic storms can alter or damage technological infrastructure, and disorient magnetoreceptor species.

A flood is the result of an overflow of water that exceeds the normal limits of a body of water, such as a lake, or of the accumulation of water in land areas.[13]​.

Forest fires are fires that burn in an uncontrolled and unplanned manner. They can be the result of natural phenomena, such as lightning, or due to human activity.[14]​.

Diseases are a natural threat that can be aggravated by human factors such as urbanization or poor environmental sanitation. Diseases that affect a large number of people can be classified as outbreaks or epidemics.

In some cases, there is a danger that a human-derived defense against a disease may fail, such as developing resistance to antibiotics.

Each of the types of natural hazards described above has very different characteristics, in terms of the spatial and temporal scales on which they influence, the frequency of the hazard and the return period, as well as the measures of intensity and impact. These complexities make “single threat” assessments common. In these cases, threats are usually treated as isolated or independent cases. An alternative is a "multiple threat" approach that seeks to identify all possible threats and their interactions or interrelationships.[15]​[5]​.

There are many types of a natural hazard that trigger or increase the likelihood of one or more other hazards occurring. For example, an earthquake can trigger a landslide, while a forest fire can increase the probability of future landslides.[5]​ A detailed review of such interactions across 21 natural hazards identified 90 possible interactions of varying probability and spatial importance.[5]​ There may also be interactions between these natural hazards and natural and anthropogenic processes.[16]​ For example, groundwater extraction can trigger groundwater-related subsidence. underground.[17]​.

An effective analysis of threats in a given area (e.g., for disaster risk reduction purposes) should ideally include an examination of all relevant threats and their interactions. For hazard analysis to be more useful for risk reduction, the assessment must be extended to take into account the vulnerability of the built environment for each of the hazards. This measure is well developed in terms of seismic risk, where the possible effect that future earthquakes would have on infrastructure is evaluated, as well as on the risk of extreme winds and, to a lesser extent, the risk of flooding. For other types of natural hazards, risk calculation is somewhat more difficult, mainly due to the lack of functions that link the intensity of a hazard and the probability of different levels of damage (fragility curves).[18] ThinkHazard! is an online tool that offers an overview of the hazards of eight natural hazards (river floods, earthquakes, water shortages, cyclones, coastal floods, tsunamis, volcanoes and avalanches), developed by the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery in collaboration with other institutions.[19]​[20]​.

In 2000, the United Nations launched the International Early Warning System to address the underlying causes of vulnerability and to build disaster-resilient communities, promoting greater awareness of the importance of disaster risk reduction as an integral component of sustainable development, with the aim of reducing human, economic and environmental losses due to hazards of all types (UN/ISDR 2000).

"Disaster reduction education begins in school" was the theme of United Nations International Disaster Reduction Day 2006-2007. The Foundation of Public Security Professionals launched an international campaign with an open contest for essays or documentaries.

An avalanche is a severe winter storm with icy and windy conditions characterized by low temperatures, strong winds and snowfall.

Drought

A drought is a period of below-average rainfall in a given region, causing a prolonged shortage of water, whether atmospheric, surface or underground.

Scientists warn that climate change and global warming could lead to more extensive droughts in the coming years. These are likely to occur extended periods of drought on the African continent due to its low levels of precipitation and high temperatures.

Hailstorm

A hailstorm is a natural hazard in which a storm produces numerous hailstones that damage the location where they fall. Hailstorms can be devastating especially to crop fields, ruining crops and damaging machinery.

Heat wave

A heat wave is a threat characterized by heat that is considered extreme and unusual in the location where it occurs. Heat waves are rare and require specific combinations of weather events to occur, which may include thermal inversion, catabolic winds, or other phenomena. There is the possibility of long-term events causing global warming, including stadial events (the opposite of the "ice age"), or through human-caused climate change.

Cyclone

A cyclone is a large-scale air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure.

Hurricane, tropical cyclone, and typhoon are different names for the cyclonic storm system that forms over the oceans. It is caused by the evaporation of water that leaves the ocean and becomes a storm. The Coriolis Effect causes storms to spin at 74 mph (119 km/h). The term hurricane is used to determine these phenomena in the Atlantic and eastern Pacific oceans, while tropical cyclone in the Indian Ocean, and typhoon in the western Pacific.

ice storm

An ice storm is a particular meteorological phenomenon in which precipitation falls in the form of ice, due to atmospheric conditions. It is considered harmful.

Tornado

Tornado is a natural disaster that results from a thunderstorm. Tornadoes are violent, spinning columns of air that can blow at speeds between 80 km/h (50 mph) and 480 km/h (300 mph) and possibly higher. This phenomenon can occur one at a time, or it can occur in tornado surges associated with supercells or in other large areas of thunderstorm development. Water sleeves are tornadoes that occur over tropical waters in light rain conditions.

Climate change

Climate change can increase or decrease climate threats, and also endanger urbanization due to sea level rise, as well as biological organisms due to habitat destruction.

Geomagnetic storm

Geomagnetic storms can alter or damage technological infrastructure, and disorient magnetoreceptor species.

A flood is the result of an overflow of water that exceeds the normal limits of a body of water, such as a lake, or of the accumulation of water in land areas.[13]​.

Forest fires are fires that burn in an uncontrolled and unplanned manner. They can be the result of natural phenomena, such as lightning, or due to human activity.[14]​.

Diseases are a natural threat that can be aggravated by human factors such as urbanization or poor environmental sanitation. Diseases that affect a large number of people can be classified as outbreaks or epidemics.

In some cases, there is a danger that a human-derived defense against a disease may fail, such as developing resistance to antibiotics.

Each of the types of natural hazards described above has very different characteristics, in terms of the spatial and temporal scales on which they influence, the frequency of the hazard and the return period, as well as the measures of intensity and impact. These complexities make “single threat” assessments common. In these cases, threats are usually treated as isolated or independent cases. An alternative is a "multiple threat" approach that seeks to identify all possible threats and their interactions or interrelationships.[15]​[5]​.

There are many types of a natural hazard that trigger or increase the likelihood of one or more other hazards occurring. For example, an earthquake can trigger a landslide, while a forest fire can increase the probability of future landslides.[5]​ A detailed review of such interactions across 21 natural hazards identified 90 possible interactions of varying probability and spatial importance.[5]​ There may also be interactions between these natural hazards and natural and anthropogenic processes.[16]​ For example, groundwater extraction can trigger groundwater-related subsidence. underground.[17]​.

An effective analysis of threats in a given area (e.g., for disaster risk reduction purposes) should ideally include an examination of all relevant threats and their interactions. For hazard analysis to be more useful for risk reduction, the assessment must be extended to take into account the vulnerability of the built environment for each of the hazards. This measure is well developed in terms of seismic risk, where the possible effect that future earthquakes would have on infrastructure is evaluated, as well as on the risk of extreme winds and, to a lesser extent, the risk of flooding. For other types of natural hazards, risk calculation is somewhat more difficult, mainly due to the lack of functions that link the intensity of a hazard and the probability of different levels of damage (fragility curves).[18] ThinkHazard! is an online tool that offers an overview of the hazards of eight natural hazards (river floods, earthquakes, water shortages, cyclones, coastal floods, tsunamis, volcanoes and avalanches), developed by the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery in collaboration with other institutions.[19]​[20]​.

In 2000, the United Nations launched the International Early Warning System to address the underlying causes of vulnerability and to build disaster-resilient communities, promoting greater awareness of the importance of disaster risk reduction as an integral component of sustainable development, with the aim of reducing human, economic and environmental losses due to hazards of all types (UN/ISDR 2000).

"Disaster reduction education begins in school" was the theme of United Nations International Disaster Reduction Day 2006-2007. The Foundation of Public Security Professionals launched an international campaign with an open contest for essays or documentaries.