Rail transportationin Mexico consists of both freight trains concessioned to the private sector, and passenger trains by the government. The network has an extension of more than 26 thousand kilometers connecting the main industrial centers with sea ports and border connections abroad.[1].
Passenger trains (understood as long-distance, regional and suburban trains) were very popular in the country from the Porfiriato until 1997, when Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México definitively suspended the service and were limited to tourist trains. It would be in 2008 when the first commuter train in the country, the Suburban Train, was inaugurated, between Mexico City and the State of Mexico.[2].
In 2023, the passenger train system in the country would be restored, with the inauguration of the El Insurgente train and the Maya Train.
Regarding the metro "Metro (transport system)"), in the country, there are currently three cities with their respective metropolitan areas that have this system:
• - the Collective Transportation System of Mexico City (inaugurated in 1969).
• - the Guadalajara Urban Electric Train System "Guadalajara (Mexico)") (inaugurated in 1989).
• - the Metrorrey de Monterrey (inaugurated in 1991).
History
Construction
The history of the railroad in Mexico began in 1837, by the decree of the current president, Anastasio Bustamante granted the first concession to Francisco de Arrillaga for the construction of the railway line from Veracruz to Mexico City (later called Ferrocarril Mexicano until 1848), establishing the following articles:[3].
A protection term of about thirty years from the work.
Maximum construction period of 12 years.
The machines and exempt items in the new tariff were exempt from paying taxes.
Starting from the year of construction, the construction company had to pay 50 thousand pesos until completing one million.
Reactivation project
Introduction
Rail transportationin Mexico consists of both freight trains concessioned to the private sector, and passenger trains by the government. The network has an extension of more than 26 thousand kilometers connecting the main industrial centers with sea ports and border connections abroad.[1].
Passenger trains (understood as long-distance, regional and suburban trains) were very popular in the country from the Porfiriato until 1997, when Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México definitively suspended the service and were limited to tourist trains. It would be in 2008 when the first commuter train in the country, the Suburban Train, was inaugurated, between Mexico City and the State of Mexico.[2].
In 2023, the passenger train system in the country would be restored, with the inauguration of the El Insurgente train and the Maya Train.
Regarding the metro "Metro (transport system)"), in the country, there are currently three cities with their respective metropolitan areas that have this system:
• - the Collective Transportation System of Mexico City (inaugurated in 1969).
• - the Guadalajara Urban Electric Train System "Guadalajara (Mexico)") (inaugurated in 1989).
• - the Metrorrey de Monterrey (inaugurated in 1991).
History
Construction
The history of the railroad in Mexico began in 1837, by the decree of the current president, Anastasio Bustamante granted the first concession to Francisco de Arrillaga for the construction of the railway line from Veracruz to Mexico City (later called Ferrocarril Mexicano until 1848), establishing the following articles:[3].
A protection term of about thirty years from the work.
Maximum construction period of 12 years.
Transportation rates could not be varied even after 3 years of the privilege.
As long as the railway existed, the company was obliged to conduct correspondence free of charge.
The iron road between Veracruz and the capital would have double roads.
The company would always have ownership of the lines.
The railroad that was going to be built was to connect the port of Veracruz with the Gulf of Mexico and Mexico City. However, the railway was not built due to the death of the merchant Arrillaga three years later.
By means of the decree of Antonio López de Santa Anna on May 31, 1842, he imposed on the creditors of the construction of the highway from Perote to Veracruz the obligation to build a railway that started from the city of Veracruz to the San Juan River,[4] the work did not progress, leaving only the construction of 7 kilometers in almost 6 years. After the North American invasion suffered in 1848, in the middle of this year work on the construction of the railroad towards the San Juan River was resumed, completed only as far as El Molino, with an extension of 6.6 kilometers, inaugurated on September 16, 1850 with a distance of 13.6 kilometers. Also in this same year, Santa Anna granted another concession in favor of Laurie Rickards to complement her dream of the railroad line from Veracruz to Mexico City, being once again frustrated.
Five years later, Santa Anna decreed another concession now to the Masso Brothers for the construction of the San Juan Veracruz Railway towards Acapulco passing through Mexico City, beginning construction in 1856 from Mexico towards Veracruz, in addition to the creation of a consolidated fund of $8,000,000.00.[5] In the year 1857 the Masso Brothers decided to sell their concession to Manuel Escandón and Antonio Escandón. The Escandón obtained the help of Ignacio Comonfort by offering them a subsidy of several million pesos if they met the estimated deadline for the completion of the railway (10 years), not selling the company to foreign capital, and the construction of penitentiaries and a house for invalids.[6]
In the year 1857, a project for a route from Orizaba to Maltrata was carried out, explored and proposed by the engineers Andrés H. Talcott and Pascual Almazán, beginning construction until the year 1864. In 1861, when Benito Juárez was president, he granted another concession to the Escandón Brothers for a Line from Veracruz to the Pacific with a branch to Puebla, that year marked the beginning of the construction of the section of the railway from Veracruz to Paso del Macho subsidized by two companies of the Escandón brothers located in the states of Veracruz and Orizaba where the work of the Tejería to La Soledad began to be carried out.
With the French invasion, part of the railways were destroyed, leaving as an option the making of a pact with the French soldiers (provided financially by the government of Napoleon III) and the two companies of the Escandón Brothers. The rules were that the French army subsidized the companies the amount of 120,000 francs monthly for the works, while the companies had to establish the public service from Veracruz to Soledad for the month of May, remaining completed until August 15, 1862, leaving 41 kilometers of tracks in operation, by the year 1858 it reached the Camarón station, with a length of 62 kilometers that was officially put into service on October 16, 1864,[7] two years later it reached Paso del Macho with a total of 76 kilometers.
Maximilian I of Mexico hired the engineer M Lyons for the construction of the railway from La Soledad to Monte del Chiquihuite, later annexing it to the Veracruz Line to Paso del Macho.[5] Likewise Antonio Escandón transferred his railway company to the Imperial Mexican Railway Company, having the full support of both Maximilian I of Mexico and the French army. Once the period of the Second Empire concluded, on November 27, 1867, Benito Juárez once again granted the privilege of the Veracruz-Mexico railway via Orizaba for the Escandón brothers, being completed at the end of the year 1872 and inaugurated on January 1, 1873 by Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada and the governor of the state of Veracruz Francisco Hernández. The Mexican Railway was the first railway that ran in the country, celebrations were held at the stations of Orizaba and Veracruz for three days. (Mexico)"), Orizaba, Maltrata.
During the period of Porfirio Díaz, new stations began to be built, further expanding the railway. The stations that began to be built after 1880 were those of Potrero, Fortín, Río Blanco, Nogales and Santa Rosa. In the first years of the Porfirio Díaz regime, a railway construction campaign was promoted in our country based on resources from the federal states and local capitals with the support of the State. The results were not as expected because of only thirty contracts signed and an extension of 250 kilometers of railway tracks was established.[8] Despite this, President Lerdo, and even more so his successor, Porfirio Díaz, achieved railway development with generous concessions that included public subsidies for the construction of the lines since at the beginning of Díaz's presidency there were a total of 669.49 kilometers of railway in service in Mexico. At the end of his second term in 1910, Mexico had more than 24,719.46 kilometers of railway in service, mostly built by American, British and French investors.[9].
Growing nationalism in Mexico led the Díaz administration to place most of the nation's railroads under national control through a plan drawn up by his Treasury Secretary, José Yves Limantour. The plan, executed in 1909, created a new parastatal corporation, Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México (FNM), to exercise control over the main railway lines through majority shareholders in the companies.
The railroads became for Mexico a symbol of progress, modernization and Porfirian oligarchy. However, when the Mexican Revolution broke out, the trains were deeply affected in their operation, as they were used by the different sides in conflict for military purposes.
Nationalization
The railway system suffered great deterioration during the period of the Mexican Revolution, due to its abandonment and lack of maintenance. After the hostilities between the revolutionary leaders, antagonistic to each other, clearly concluded, the American railway system in Mexico began to be expropriated in 1929 and until 1937 when President Cárdenas decreed the nationalization of the Railway Network. 110. With this change there was an immediate economic improvement, decongestion of terminals, fluidity in traffic and greater speed in the loading of goods and boarding of passengers, as demonstrated in the change in the track width on the Mexico-Nuevo Laredo, San Luis Potosí-Tampico, Monterrey-Tampico, Mexico-Veracruz, Mexico-Acámbaro and Mexico-Puebla-Oaxaca lines, lines in which the volume of cargo increased. managed.[11] In 1987, President De la Madrid merged the five regional railway companies—among them, Ferrocarril del Pacífico "Ferrocarril del Pacífico (Mexico)")—along with Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México. The parastatal Ferronales would have accumulated an operating deficit of $552 million dollars (37% of its operating budget) by 1991; However, President Salinas was the last to support the parastate through the construction of the Mexico-Querétaro Electric Passenger Train since 1989 and until its commissioning during the last year of the Salinista presidency (1994). Competition with other modes of freight transport, such as road trucks and sea vessels, decreased the share of rail transport, mainly heavy cargo, to around 9%, roughly half the share the parastatal had a decade earlier.
Privatization
Having ended the Second World War, there were important investments in the purchase of locomotives and cars as well as in the expansion of the national railway network; Freight traffic increased along with huge subsidies and public debt. In 1995, President Zedillo reformed paragraph IV in Article 28 of the Mexican Constitution and, continuing the process of massive privatization of parastatals initiated by his predecessors in office, privatized Ferronales but not before canceling in 1996 the Mexico-Querétaro Train (inaugurated by Salinas just under two years ago) and having sold its vehicle fleet abroad.[12] With said constitutional modification, transportation railway ceased to be a strategic area of the State, to allow social and private participation in said activity.
After announcing alternatives for opening to the private sector, the SCT made the decision to adopt the regional segmentation model of the network, to be operated by vertically integrated private companies. The concessions were granted in the first instance to Grupo México, the mining consortium that owns Ferromex, S.A. and then to "regional public companies" into which Ferronales was subdivided, and then sold the representative shares of the same to the private sector. The assets to be tendered consisted of the concession title to provide public rail transport service, and the locomotives, hauling equipment and goods necessary for the operation. According to the Regulatory Law of the Railway Service, the State must maintain control over the general means of communication at all times. For this reason, the infrastructure and the right of way will be returned to the Nation in good operational condition at the end of the concessions (approximately 50 years from 1998).
Some advantages of privatization have been, for example, the renewal of railways and expansion of the national network; going from 20 thousand kilometers in 1998 to more than 26 thousand kilometers in 2007. Between 1995 and 2010 the volume mobilized practically doubled, going from 37,600 million ton-kilometers to 78,800 million ton-kilometers, increasing at 5.1% annually on average. Rail freight transport grew in that period at a greater rate than the economy as a whole and than road freight transport. After more than fifty years of decline, the railway's participation in the land transportation market, after its privatization, registered a notable recovery, going from 19% in 1995 to 25% in 2010.[13].
Reactivation Attempts
In 2006, Mexico's Ministry of Communications and Transportation proposed a high-speed rail link that would transport its passengers from Mexico City to Guadalajara "Guadalajara (Mexico)"), Jalisco, with stops in the cities of Querétaro, Guanajuato, León and Irapuato; and a connected line that would run from the port city of Manzanillo to Aguascalientes. The train would travel at 300 km/h,[14] and would allow passengers to travel from Mexico City to Guadalajara in just 2 hours[14] at an affordable price (the same road trip would take 7 hours). The network would also be connected to Monterrey, Chilpancingo, Cuernavaca, Toluca, Puebla, Tijuana, Hermosillo, Córdoba "Córdoba (Mexico)"), Veracruz, Oaxaca, Colima "Colima (Colima)"), Zacatecas "Zacatecas (Zacatecas)"), Torreón "Torreón (Coahuila de Zaragoza)"), Chihuahua "Chihuahua (Chihuahua)"), Puebla, San Luis Potosí "San Luis Potosí (city)"), Mexicali, Saltillo and Acapulco by 2015.[14] The entire project was projected to cost 240 billion pesos, or about $25 billion.[14] Mexican billionaire Carlos Slim expressed interest in investing in high-speed trains.
President Enrique Peña Nieto proposed the return to intercity train services, the proposed projects are the Toluca-Valle de México Interurban Passenger Train (construction began on July 7, 2014), the Mérida-Punta Venado Transpeninsular Train (Yucatán-Riviera Maya), the Mexico City - Santiago de Querétaro High Speed Train that would begin construction in October 2014 and will operate speeds of up to 300 km/h (with expansion to Guadalajara "Guadalajara (Mexico)") and Puebla-Tlaxcala-Mexico City. On November 3, 2014, China Railways Construction Corporation associated with Prodemex, Teya and GHP won the contract to build the Mexico City-Querétaro high-speed train. The estimated cost will be close to $4 billion, it will be completed by the end of 2017 and will be fully operational in the spring of 2018. However, Mexico canceled[15] the contract four days later due to doubts about the bidding process. In 2015, Mexico opened a new tender, which was revoked again. Therefore, Mexico compensated[16] China Railway Construction Corporation with $1.31 million.
Reactivation of passenger service
President-elect Andrés Manuel López Obrador announced in September 2018 a US$7.4 billion plan to build a tourist and freight railway in the Yucatán Peninsula. The project, called the Mayan Train, began construction in 2020 and will connect Palenque "Palenque (Chiapas)") with Cancún, a project that has been highly controversial with environmentalists and indigenous rights activists.
On February 22, 2022, the Morena deputy Miguel Torruco Garza"), presented in the Chamber of Deputies "Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)") a proposal to reactivate passenger rail transport in Mexico, his plan is to modernize the Mexican railway system with a mixed plan of freight and passenger trains and interconnect Mexico with 11 passenger routes.[17][18].
Among them are:
On November 20, 2023, President Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) publishes the decree to reactivate passenger trains on the seven routes:
The main Class I freight railroads in Mexico include:
• - Ferromex (FXE).
• - Canadian Pacific Kansas City (KCSM).
Short line railways include:.
• - Baja California Railroad (BJRR).
• - Railway and Terminal of the Valley of Mexico (Ferrovalle).
• - Ferrosur (FSRR).
• - Coahuila Durango Line (LFCD).
• - Tehuantepec Isthmus Railway (FIT).
Passengers
Passenger rail lines include:.
• - El Chepe (Los Mochis-Chihuahua).
• - Suburban Train (Buenavista-Cuautitlán).
• - El Insurgente (Zinacantepec-Santa Fé, the expansion of the Vasco de Quiroga "Vasco de Quiroga (El Insurgente Train Station)") and Observatory "Observatorio (El Insurgente Train Station)") will be open to the public in January 2026.).
• - Interoceanic Train (Coatzacoalcos-Salina Cruz and Coatzacoalcos-Pakal Ná and line K Ixtepec-Guatemala under construction).
Chihuahua to the Pacific Railway
The Chihuahua-Pacific Railway, also known as Chepe, is an important railway line in northwest Mexico; It links the cities of Chihuahua "Chihuahua (Chihuahua)") in the state of Chihuahua and Los Mochis, in the state of Sinaloa, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean.
It travels 673 km, traversing the Copper Canyon, a series of steep canyons that have led some to call it the most scenic train ride on the continent. It is both an important transportation system for locals and an attraction for tourists.[19].
The tracks pass over 37 bridges and 86 tunnels, rising up to 2,400 m above sea level near Divisadero (America's Continental Divide), a popular viewpoint over the canyons.[20] Each one-way trip takes approximately 16 hours. The track also crosses over itself to gain height.
The headquarters were located in Mexico City, Chihuahua and Los Mochis.
Tequila Express Train
The Tequila Express Train is a Mexican regional passenger train service that operates from Guadalajara "Guadalajara (Mexico)"), Jalisco, to the Sauza Tequila distillery in the municipality of Tequila.[21] The municipality of Tequila is located approximately 40 kilometers northwest of Guadalajara and 32 kilometers southeast of the town of Tequila "Tequila (Jalisco)"), Jalisco.[22] The train service is so called because it features tequila tastings and transports its passengers through blue agave fields to the "La Perseverancia" distillery in Tequila.
Suburban Railway of the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico
The Suburban Railway of the Metropolitan Zone of the Valley of Mexico or Suburban Train of the Valley of Mexico is the first commuter train built in Mexico. The 27-kilometer-long System 1 (Buenavista "Buenavista (Suburban Railway Station)")-Cuautitlán "Cuautitlán (Suburban Railway Station)") was inaugurated on May 7, 2008 by Felipe Calderón Hinojosa, president of Mexico from 2006 to 2012.[23].
A branch line is currently being built from the Lecheria station "Lecheria (suburban railway station)") to the Felipe Ángeles International Airport (AIFA) passing through 6 other stations, which is expected to be inaugurated in December 2025.[24].
This system is part of a project promoted, between 2000 and 2012, by the then presidents of Mexico Vicente Fox Quesada and Felipe Calderón Hinojosa, which considered three systems with a length between 242 and 245.9 kilometers.[25] To achieve this extension, it was considered using the existing railway tracks and the right of way owned by the Federal government in the Valley of Mexico. For its construction, the participation of the Federal governments, the Federal District (today Mexico City), the State of Mexico and the municipal governments of the Metropolitan Zone of the Valley of Mexico was necessary.[25][26].
The Insurgent
El Insurgente, previously called Mexico-Toluca Interurban Train[27][28] or Toluca-Valle de México Interurban Train,[29] initially called Toluca-Valle de México Interurban Passenger Train,[30] is a long-distance, medium-speed railway project under construction that connects the Metropolitan Area of the Toluca Valley with the west of the Metropolitan Area of the Valle de México. Mexico.
It was initially announced on December 1, 2012 by Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto as part of several railway-type infrastructure projects in the country. On July 7, 2014, the formal start of the work took place.[31][32][33][34] According to the original program presented in 2014, the project was presented to be completed before 2017,[35] however, it was delayed indefinitely.
The project was taken up by President Andrés Manuel López Obrador and was inaugurated on September 15, 2023, in its first section: Zinacantepec-Lerma, with four trains initially. Now it is operational as far as Santa Fé but at the beginning of 2026 it will be operating as far as Observatorio.
Mayan Train
The Mayan Train was a federal government project for a railway line in Mexico to transport passengers through the Yucatan Peninsula as part of the expansion of the national railway network. This infrastructure work began in December 2018, previously announced by Andrés Manuel López Obrador, who is still campaigning for the presidency of Mexico. It is a regional train for locals and tourists, also planned as cargo.[36].
The Campeche-Cancún section was inaugurated on December 15, 2023 and the complete inauguration of the circuit on December 15, 2024. In her campaign, President Claudia Sheinbaum announced the expansion of the Maya Train with 4 branches from Poxilá") to Hunucmá"), Mérida&action=edit&redlink=1 "Mérida Station (Central) (not yet drafted)") and Puerto Progreso") and also on December 15 August 2025, the president met in Calakmul, Campeche with her counterparts from Guatemala and Belize and agreed on several agreements, including the possible expansion of the Mayan Train from Chetumal to Belize and Petén.[37].
Presented to the governors of the Mexican southeast, on September 10, 2018, it offers mass transportation and tourist transportation services, and merchandise transportation is planned.[38][39].
Interoceanic Train
Line Z of the Interoceanic Train of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec is a railway owned by the Mexican government that crosses the Isthmus of Tehuantepec between Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, and Salina Cruz, Oaxaca.[40] It is one of the three lines that make up the Interoceanic Train system.
The Ministry of Communications and Transportation (SCT) registered in the Portfolio of Investment Projects of the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit (SHCP) the project to carry out Pre-investment Studies for the Passenger Train of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.[41].
Through the Rail Transport Regulatory Agency (ARTF), 24 million pesos were requested for the Preparation of Pre-investment Studies to determine the feasibility of implementing a passenger rail service in the form of an intercity or regional train that goes from Coatzacoalcos to Salina Cruz.
From January to October 2021, the pertinent studies were carried out to build the train with a length of 317 km, crossing 788 towns and 29 municipalities of two entities (Oaxaca and Veracruz).
Metro and light rail routes
Mexico City Metro
The Mexico City Metro is a metropolitan train-type public transportation system[42] that serves extensive areas of Mexico City. Its operation and exploitation is in charge of the decentralized public body called the Collective Transportation System (STC),[43][44] and its construction, in charge of the Secretariat of Works and Services of Mexico City (formerly the Secretariat of Works and Services of the Federal District).[45] Until August 12, 2013, its construction was managed by the so-called Metro Project of the Federal District, a decentralized body of the aforementioned secretariat.[46] It is known colloquially as Metro, due to the contraction of the term metropolitan train.
Metrorrey
Metrorrey, officially known as Metrorrey Collective Transportation System and colloquially as Metro, is an electric light rail system present in the city of Monterrey, in the state of Nuevo León, Mexico. It crosses the city of Monterrey from east to west, as well as part of the municipality of Guadalupe "Guadalupe (Nuevo León)"). From north to south it currently links the municipality of Escobedo (where the Sendero terminal station is located) with the Macroplaza (where the Zaragoza station is located) in the municipality of Monterrey. Just as from north to south it connects the municipality of San Nicolás de los Garza (where the Hospital Metropolitano terminal station is located) with the Macroplaza in the municipality of Monterrey. The growth of the system was halted for just over 11 years. It was not until mid-2005 that the construction of the second stage of line 2 began. As well as the construction of line 3, which was delayed more than 5 years until its inauguration on February 27, 2021.
Mexico City Light Rail
The Mexico City Light Rail is a light rail line that serves the south of Mexico City. It is administered by the decentralized public body: Electric Transport Service of Mexico City.[47].
It has a line of 13.04 kilometers. Its vehicle fleet is made up of high-floor articulated light trains with railway tracks. It has a total of 18 stations, of which 16 are through stations and 2 are terminals. It is built superficially.
Campeche Light Train
The San Francisco de Campeche Light Train is a DRT Type System network that serves to take passengers from the city center to the Mayan Train station "Estación de San Francisco de Campeche (Mayan Train)") passing through 14 stations and with a route of 15 km. It was inaugurated on July 20, 2025.[48].
under construction
Branch of System 1 of the Suburban Railway of the Metropolitan Zone of the Valley of Mexico
On March 19, 2020, the project to expand the suburban train was announced, which through a branch will connect the Felipe Ángeles International Airport located in the municipality of Zumpango with Mexico City.[49][50].
The branch under construction begins at the Lechería station "Lechería (station)"), will be 24 kilometers long and will have four intermediate stations: Cueyamil, Los Agaves, Nextlalpan and Xaltocan; as well as the terminal station at the airport.[51].
The branch is expected to open in July 2025 and will pass through the municipalities of Tultitlán, Tultepec, Nextlalpan and Zumpango.[52].
Train Mexico City-Pachuca
The Mexico City-Pachuca Train will be a passenger train that will connect Mexico City with the city of Pachuca, in Hidalgo, passing through the states of Hidalgo and Mexico. On March 22, 2025, the start of works was given,[55] the project is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2027.[56].
Train Mexico City-Querétaro
The Mexico City-Querétaro Train will be a passenger train that will connect Mexico City with the city of Santiago de Querétaro, in Querétaro, passing through the states of Hidalgo and Mexico.[57] On April 27, 2025, the start of works was given; they are expected to be completed in October 2027.[58][59][60][61].
The train on the Querétaro section heading north will be divided into two branches bound for Nuevo Laredo and Nogales.[62].
Mayan Cargo Train
The Mayan Train system&action=edit&redlink=1 "Mayan Train (Freight Train) (not yet drafted)") (in Yucatec Mayan: ) cargo will be a railway line connecting southeastern Mexico that will be operated by the public company Olmeca-Maya-Mexica. The work was flagged off by President Claudia Sheinbaum on April 26, 2025, as part of the national railway infrastructure plans from 2018 to 2050 "National Railway Infrastructure Plans in Mexico (2018-2050)").
Proposals and projects
Contenido
En enero de 2022, la Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes de México, aprobó una ampliación ferroviaria de 180 Kilómetros en el corredor Durango-Mazatlán. Con un costo estimado de 1.200 millones de dólares para reactivar y ampliar el corredor abandonado bajo una alianza público-privada con la empresa Caxxor Group, como parte del acuerdo USMCA.[63][64][65][66].
López Obrador crea un decreto de reactivación de trenes de pasajeros de noviembre de 2023. Claudia Sheinbaum, la próxima presidenta de México, ha anunciado el plan y las rutas para desarrollar una red ferroviaria de pasajeros que cubrirá 3,000 kilómetros en dirección al norte del país.[67].
Passenger railways to the north
More than 3,000 kilometers of passenger roads will be built in Mexico, divided into four phases:
• - 2025 Phase 1: 786 km.
AIFA-Pachuca: 54 km (under construction)
Mexico-Querétaro: 242 km (under construction)
Saltillo-Nuevo Laredo: 306 km
Querétaro-Irapuato: 184 km.
• - 2026 Phase 2: 910 km.
Querétaro-San Luis Potosí: 263 km
Mazatlán-Los Mochis: 441 km
Irapuato-Guadalajara: 206 km.
• - 2027 Phase 3: 1,145 km.
Guaymas-Hermosillo"): 135 km
Guadalajara-Tepic"): 204 km
San Luis Potosí-Saltillo"): 444 km
Los Mochis-Guaymas"): 362 km.
• - 2028 Phase 4: 552 km.
Tepic-Mazatlán"): 275 km
Hermosillo-Nogales"): 277 km.
Private management
By January 15, 2024, the private initiative had presented five proposals to the Ministry of Infrastructure, Communications and Transportation. Particularly the two majority concessionaires;
Grupo México through its subsidiaries Ferromex and Ferrosur, as well as
Canadian Pacific Kansas City (CPKC).
The routes are:
• - Mexico-Querétaro proposals,
Proposed Querétaro-San Luis Potosí section; of the Mexico–San Luis Potosí Train "San Luis Potosí (city)")–Monterrey–Nuevo Laredo (Águila Azteca (train) "Águila Azteca (train)")),
Querétaro-León and León-Agascalientes proposals for the Buenavista-Tula-Querétaro-León-Aguascalientes train (formerly Mexico–Querétaro–León–Aguascalientes Train "Aguascalientes (Aguascalientes)")),
León-Guadalajara Proposal for the Mexico–Querétaro–Guadalajara Train "Guadalajara (Mexico)")–Tepic–Mazatlán–Nogales (El Tapatío and El Costeño) and.
Public management
In the absence of private proposals, the remaining segments and routes remain under the responsibility of the government.
• - Puebla-Cholula-Atlixco-Izúcar Train is a project to reactivate and expand the Puebla-Cholula tourist train, which had operations between 2017 and 2021, but was canceled because it was unviable and financially detrimental to the state. This project seeks to resume and extend the route to connect with Atlixco and Izúcar de Matamoros, according to the period 2024-2030, the government of the state of Puebla Alejandro Armenta will seek to reactivate the route and extend it to connect the municipalities of Atlixco and Izúcar de Matamoros, in addition to evaluating the connection with Tlaxcala.[68][69].
Abandoned proposals
El costo del proyecto será de 12 mil millones de pesos, la Fase 1, de la cual 3 mil millones provienen del gobierno Federal, vía Fonadin, otros 3 mil millones vía Banobras y 6 mil millones de parte de la Iniciativa Privada, bajo un esquema de Asociación Público Privada. Samuel García aclaró que en 2022 pretenden iniciar con los estudios técnicos del proyecto mismos que costarán hasta 500 millones de pesos.[70].
El gobierno federal busca construir un tren ligero de pasajeros en Morelia, Michoacán utilizando la línea “N” de Kansas City Southern de México (KCSM), por lo que solicitó a la Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público (SHCP) 30 millones de pesos para los estudios de preinversión.
De acuerdo a documentos del proyecto, la Secretaría de Infraestructura, Comunicaciones y Transportes (SICT) precisó que el corredor ferroviario mejorará la movilidad de la zona a través de sus 21 kilómetros y estará ubicado en la región III Cuitzeo.[71].
El Tren Ligero Urbano de la Región Capital, conocido coloquialmente como Tren ligero de Xalapa es un proyecto de un sistema de transporte colectivo ferroviario metropolitano que busca mejorar la movilidad de la zona metropolitana de Xalapa, la región capital del estado de Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave, organizado por la Secretaría de Infraestructura, Comunicaciones y Transportes, Agencia Reguladora del Transporte Ferroviario y el Gobierno del Estado y comenzando los estudios del proyecto desde octubre de 2019.[72][73] Sería construido sobre una vías de tren ya existentes y que atraviesan la ciudad.
Canceled projects
The officially called Mexico City-Santiago de Querétaro High Speed Train was a project to build a high-speed train that would connect the capital of the state of Querétaro with Mexico City. The project consists of the construction of a double-track high-speed train line with an approximate length of 210 km, two terminals (Querétaro and Buenavista) and three maintenance workshops.[74].
The initial project considered sharing the right of way with the Suburban Train between the Buenavista and Cuautitlán stations "Cuautitlán (station)"), in addition to the right of way of the Juárez and Morelos tracks, which are concessioned to Kansas City Southern de México.[75][76] The pre-call for the international public tender was published on August 15, 2014.[76][77][75].
The Mexican company TMSourcing, through its railway trust, presented the Tren del Bajío project – which will unite Mexico City, the State of Mexico, Querétaro and León – before the Ministry of Infrastructure, Communications and Transportation (SICT). The railway route includes 12 stations where it is expected that more than 40 thousand daily users can travel from CDMX through Querétaro and to Guanajuato, in addition to connections with the Felipe Ángeles International Airport and the Suburban Train, this in the 416 km with existing right of way.[78].
With this train it is expected to detonate the economy in many towns that still have stations such as Tamasopo, Cárdenas "Cárdenas (San Luis Potosí)"), Cerritos "Cerritos (San Luis Potosí)"), Ciudad Valles, Tamuín, Ébano "Ébano (San Luis Potosí)"), among others, also including the municipalities of southern Tamaulipas, which highlight the nine centenary tunnels since 1887, among other attractions.[79].
In the first stage, seven stations and two terminals are planned that will benefit a minimum of 30,000 passengers daily, increasing their quality of life and reducing transportation costs for users and car trips, while attracting other investments in services surrounding the stations such as public parking lots and shops.[80].
On January 9, 2023, the SICT approved the transpeninsular train project that will go from Tijuana, Baja California, to Los Cabos, Baja California Sur, which will travel approximately 1,700 kilometers passing through 11 stations. This project will be built jointly with the private initiative, its completion is estimated in 2029.[81].
Museums
There are several railway museums in Mexico, including: the Railway Museum in San Luis Potosí,[82] the museum of the old railway station in Aguascalientes "Aguascalientes (Aguascalientes)"), Aguascalientes; one of the old station of the Interoceanic Railway of Mexico in Cuautla, Morelos, which functions as a museum; the museum of the old railway station in Iguala Guerrero, which in addition to the railway museum, is home to the Telegraph Museum; the Yucatán Railway Museum is in Mérida "Mérida (México)"), Yucatán; the National Railway Museum in Puebla, Puebla and the Torreón Railway Museum in Torreón "Torreón (Coahuila)").
Rail links with neighboring countries
• - USA .- Yes - same width of 1435 mm.
• - Guatemala .- Yes - gauge change 1435mm/914mm (reconstructed as standard gauge in 2019)[83].
Controversies
After the privatization that began between 1995 and 1997, anomalies were reported in the liquidation process of Ferronales workers by former officials of the defunct parastatal.[84] Said crime was allegedly committed between 2003 and 2005 when public servants called for tenders to sell obsolete and useless scrap, although they did not deliver the material, which generated a debt of about 10.3 millions of pesos with the awarded companies.[85][86].
"To settle the debt, more than 52 thousand tons of railway tracks, rails, sleepers, nails and plates owned by the Federation were sold with a value of more than 1.8 billion pesos. This amount of material is equivalent to three times the network of the Mexico City Metro or seven times the steel of the Eiffel Tower. 590 kilometers of useful railway tracks were also delivered to the four companies, which, far from being scrap, are high-quality steel. quality. The five sections of tracks illegally delivered were installed in Durango, Michoacán, Jalisco, Chihuahua and Puebla" (JOA).[87].
The officials involved are the special fiduciary delegate of Banobras and in charge of the liquidation, Enrique Alejandro Rivas; the deputy general legal director, Efrén Alejandro del Pozo; the deputy manager of special services, Antonio Paredes; the area head of the general legal subdirectorate, Saúl Román Tiburcio and the area head "C" of the special services subdirectorate, Pedro Rodolfo Muriel.[88].
• - Annex: Mexican railways.
• - Annex: Passenger trains named after Mexico.
• - National Railway Infrastructure Plans in Mexico (2018-2050) "National Railway Infrastructure Plans in Mexico (2018-2050)").
• - High speed railway in Mexico.
• - Railways of Mexico, by Fred Wilbur Powell on Google Books.
• - History of the railroad in Mexico Archived July 11, 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
• - Tehuantepec Isthmus Railway.
• - Coahuila Durango Railway Archived July 17, 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
[3] ↑ D`Estrabau, Gilberto, El ferrocarril, México,1988.
[4] ↑ a b Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México, México, 1987.
[5] ↑ a b Fuentes Díaz, Vicente, El problema ferrocarrilero de México, México, 1951.
[6] ↑ Kuntz Ficker, Sandra y Ruguzzi Paolo (coordinadores), Ferrocarriles y vida económica en México, 1850-1950: del surgimiento caído al decaimiento precoz,México, 1996.
[7] ↑ Chapman, John Gresham, La construcción del Ferrocarril Mexicano,1985.
[8] ↑ Kuntz, Sandra (1999). «Los ferrocarriles y la formación del espacio económico en México, 1880-1910». Ferrocarriles y Obras Públicas. México: Instituto Mora. pp. pp.105-119. ISBN 968-6914-88-9.
[9] ↑ Fred Wilbur Powell, los ferrocarriles de México, 1921.
[16] ↑ «Mexico to pay China rail firm for cancelling project». BBC News (en inglés británico). 22 de mayo de 2015. Consultado el 29 de marzo de 2022.: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-32840712
[18] ↑ Miguel Torruco Garza [@MiguelTorrucoG] (23 de agosto de 2022). «Propuse ante el Pleno de la Cámara de Diputados el regreso del tren de pasajeros a México.» (tuit) – vía X/Twitter.: https://twitter.com/i/status/1562224436329185280
[19] ↑ [http://www.mexonline.com/chihuahua/coppercanyon-train.htm «MEXonline.com Copper Canyon Directory - Copper Canyon Trains / Chihuahua al Pac�fico Train - Copper Canyon, Chihuahua, Mexico»]. www.mexonline.com. Consultado el 25 de abril de 2022.: http://www.mexonline.com/chihuahua/coppercanyon-train.htm
[20] ↑ «Viaja en el Chepe Express, y vive una de las experiencias en tren más impresionantes del mundo». Chepe (en inglés). Consultado el 25 de abril de 2022.: https://chepe.mx/
[21] ↑ «Tequila Express Oficial | Desde 1997». Tequilaexpress. Consultado el 25 de abril de 2022.: https://www.tequilaexpress.mx/
[23] ↑ Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes (2004). «Ferrocarril Suburbano–Características». Ciudad de México, México: Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes. Archivado desde el original el 2 de mayo de 2008. Consultado el 19 de mayo de 2008.: https://web.archive.org/web/20080502231621/http://dgtfm.sct.gob.mx/index.php?id=765
[25] ↑ a b Dirección General de Transporte Ferroviario y Multimodal (2010). «Proyectos de desarrollo ferroviario de carga y pasajeros». Ciudad de México, México: Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes. Consultado el 25 de agosto de 2011.: http://dgtfm.sct.gob.mx/fileadmin/Tronco/Proyectos_de_Desarrollo.pdf
[30] ↑ codigo=5328709&fecha=02/01/2014&print=true http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php codigo=5328709&fecha=02/01/2014&print=true. Falta el |título= (ayuda).: http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php
[32] ↑ José Gil Olmos (1 de diciembre de 2012). «Peña y sus 13 promesas: Combate a la pobreza, paz, trenes, cadenas de televisión…». Ciudad de México: Proceso. Archivado desde el original el 21 de octubre de 2014. Consultado el 17 de diciembre de 2013.: https://web.archive.org/web/20141021030606/http://www.proceso.com.mx/?p=326661
[36] ↑ de 2020, 24 de Enero. proyecto-emblema-de-lopez-algodón-ya-tiene-fecha-de-inicio/ «Tren Maya: el peor proyecto emblema de López Algodón ya tiene fecha de inicio». infobae. Consultado el 6 de julio de 2020.: https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2020/01/24/tren-maya-el-peor
[37] ↑ «El 15 de diciembre inicia ruta Palenque-Cancún; todos los tramos, para febrero: AMLO». sinembargo.mx. 6 de octubre de 2023. Consultado el 23 de octubre de 2023.: https://www.sinembargo.mx/06-10-2023/4418099
[38] ↑ Alma E. Muñóz (10 de septiembre de 2018). «Gobernadores ofrecen apoyo a AMLO para el proyecto del Tren Maya». La Jornada. Consultado el 2 de noviembre de 2018.: https://www.jornada.com.mx/2018/09/10/politica/005n1pol
[44] ↑ Consejería Jurídica y de Servicios Legales del Distrito Federal (6 de noviembre de 2007). «Estatuto orgánico del Sistema de Transporte Colectivo». Gaceta Oficial del Distrito Federal (Ciudad de México, México: Gobierno del Distrito Federal) (206): 3-52. Consultado el 29 de agosto de 2011.: http://www.consejeria.df.gob.mx//uploads/gacetas/Noviembre07_06_206.pdf
[45] ↑ Jefatura de Gobierno (12 de agosto de 2013). «Decreto por el que se reforman, adicionan y derogan diversas disposiciones del reglamento interior de la administración pública del Distrito Federal.». Gaceta Oficial del Distrito Federal (Ciudad de México, México: Gobierno del Distrito Federal) (1667): 3-4. Consultado el 13 de agosto de 2013.: http://www.consejeria.df.gob.mx/portal_old/uploads/gacetas/520694efb05d9.pdf
[46] ↑ Consejería Jurídica y de Servicios Legales del Distrito Federal (21 de abril de 2009). «Decreto por el que se adicionan y derogan diversas disposiciones del reglamento interior de la administración pública del Distrito federal». Gaceta Oficial del Distrito Federal (Ciudad de México, México: Gobierno del Distrito Federal) (575): 3-5. Consultado el 29 de agosto de 2011.: http://www.consejeria.df.gob.mx//uploads/gacetas/ABRIL_24_09.pdf
[47] ↑ Dirección de Nuevas Tecnologías (2006). «Ley de la Institución Descentralizada de Servicio Público Servicio de Transportes Eléctricos del Distrito Federal». Distrito Federal, México: Sistema de Trasportes Eléctricos. Archivado desde el original el 6 de agosto de 2011. Consultado el 7 de septiembre de 2008.: https://web.archive.org/web/20110806084435/http://www.ste.df.gob.mx/ste/ley.html
[54] ↑ «Enrique Alfaro arranca las obras de la Línea 4 a Tlajomulco». Prensa del Gobierno del Estado de Jalisco. 22 de mayo de 2022. Consultado el 23 de mayo de 2022.: https://www.jalisco.gob.mx/es/prensa/noticias/143787
[74] ↑ Editorial MiMorelia (2 de diciembre de 2013). «Dan a conocer la ruta que tendrá el tren rápido Querétaro-Ciudad de México». Ciudad de México, México: MiMorelia. Archivado desde el original el 17 de diciembre de 2013. Consultado el 17 de diciembre de 2013.: https://web.archive.org/web/20131217100037/http://mimorelia.com/noticias/129229
[75] ↑ a b Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes-Dirección General de Transporte Ferroviario y Multimodal (25 de julio de 2014). «Licitación pública internacional abierta no. PO-009000988-N49-2014 para el otorgamiento de un contrato mixto de obra pública para la construcción, suministro y puesta en marcha de: (i) una vía férrea; (ii) material rodante; (iii) equipos y sistemas y demás componentes del proyecto del tren de alta velocidad México D.F.- Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, en adelante “el tren México Querétaro”.». Ciudad de México, México: Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes. Consultado el 15 de agosto de 2014.: http://www.sct.gob.mx/fileadmin/DireccionesGrales/DGTFM/Licitaciones/2014/0988_N49_2014/PRE-BASES_MEX-QTO_N49-2014.pdf
The machines and exempt items in the new tariff were exempt from paying taxes.
Starting from the year of construction, the construction company had to pay 50 thousand pesos until completing one million.
Transportation rates could not be varied even after 3 years of the privilege.
As long as the railway existed, the company was obliged to conduct correspondence free of charge.
The iron road between Veracruz and the capital would have double roads.
The company would always have ownership of the lines.
The railroad that was going to be built was to connect the port of Veracruz with the Gulf of Mexico and Mexico City. However, the railway was not built due to the death of the merchant Arrillaga three years later.
By means of the decree of Antonio López de Santa Anna on May 31, 1842, he imposed on the creditors of the construction of the highway from Perote to Veracruz the obligation to build a railway that started from the city of Veracruz to the San Juan River,[4] the work did not progress, leaving only the construction of 7 kilometers in almost 6 years. After the North American invasion suffered in 1848, in the middle of this year work on the construction of the railroad towards the San Juan River was resumed, completed only as far as El Molino, with an extension of 6.6 kilometers, inaugurated on September 16, 1850 with a distance of 13.6 kilometers. Also in this same year, Santa Anna granted another concession in favor of Laurie Rickards to complement her dream of the railroad line from Veracruz to Mexico City, being once again frustrated.
Five years later, Santa Anna decreed another concession now to the Masso Brothers for the construction of the San Juan Veracruz Railway towards Acapulco passing through Mexico City, beginning construction in 1856 from Mexico towards Veracruz, in addition to the creation of a consolidated fund of $8,000,000.00.[5] In the year 1857 the Masso Brothers decided to sell their concession to Manuel Escandón and Antonio Escandón. The Escandón obtained the help of Ignacio Comonfort by offering them a subsidy of several million pesos if they met the estimated deadline for the completion of the railway (10 years), not selling the company to foreign capital, and the construction of penitentiaries and a house for invalids.[6]
In the year 1857, a project for a route from Orizaba to Maltrata was carried out, explored and proposed by the engineers Andrés H. Talcott and Pascual Almazán, beginning construction until the year 1864. In 1861, when Benito Juárez was president, he granted another concession to the Escandón Brothers for a Line from Veracruz to the Pacific with a branch to Puebla, that year marked the beginning of the construction of the section of the railway from Veracruz to Paso del Macho subsidized by two companies of the Escandón brothers located in the states of Veracruz and Orizaba where the work of the Tejería to La Soledad began to be carried out.
With the French invasion, part of the railways were destroyed, leaving as an option the making of a pact with the French soldiers (provided financially by the government of Napoleon III) and the two companies of the Escandón Brothers. The rules were that the French army subsidized the companies the amount of 120,000 francs monthly for the works, while the companies had to establish the public service from Veracruz to Soledad for the month of May, remaining completed until August 15, 1862, leaving 41 kilometers of tracks in operation, by the year 1858 it reached the Camarón station, with a length of 62 kilometers that was officially put into service on October 16, 1864,[7] two years later it reached Paso del Macho with a total of 76 kilometers.
Maximilian I of Mexico hired the engineer M Lyons for the construction of the railway from La Soledad to Monte del Chiquihuite, later annexing it to the Veracruz Line to Paso del Macho.[5] Likewise Antonio Escandón transferred his railway company to the Imperial Mexican Railway Company, having the full support of both Maximilian I of Mexico and the French army. Once the period of the Second Empire concluded, on November 27, 1867, Benito Juárez once again granted the privilege of the Veracruz-Mexico railway via Orizaba for the Escandón brothers, being completed at the end of the year 1872 and inaugurated on January 1, 1873 by Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada and the governor of the state of Veracruz Francisco Hernández. The Mexican Railway was the first railway that ran in the country, celebrations were held at the stations of Orizaba and Veracruz for three days. (Mexico)"), Orizaba, Maltrata.
During the period of Porfirio Díaz, new stations began to be built, further expanding the railway. The stations that began to be built after 1880 were those of Potrero, Fortín, Río Blanco, Nogales and Santa Rosa. In the first years of the Porfirio Díaz regime, a railway construction campaign was promoted in our country based on resources from the federal states and local capitals with the support of the State. The results were not as expected because of only thirty contracts signed and an extension of 250 kilometers of railway tracks was established.[8] Despite this, President Lerdo, and even more so his successor, Porfirio Díaz, achieved railway development with generous concessions that included public subsidies for the construction of the lines since at the beginning of Díaz's presidency there were a total of 669.49 kilometers of railway in service in Mexico. At the end of his second term in 1910, Mexico had more than 24,719.46 kilometers of railway in service, mostly built by American, British and French investors.[9].
Growing nationalism in Mexico led the Díaz administration to place most of the nation's railroads under national control through a plan drawn up by his Treasury Secretary, José Yves Limantour. The plan, executed in 1909, created a new parastatal corporation, Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México (FNM), to exercise control over the main railway lines through majority shareholders in the companies.
The railroads became for Mexico a symbol of progress, modernization and Porfirian oligarchy. However, when the Mexican Revolution broke out, the trains were deeply affected in their operation, as they were used by the different sides in conflict for military purposes.
Nationalization
The railway system suffered great deterioration during the period of the Mexican Revolution, due to its abandonment and lack of maintenance. After the hostilities between the revolutionary leaders, antagonistic to each other, clearly concluded, the American railway system in Mexico began to be expropriated in 1929 and until 1937 when President Cárdenas decreed the nationalization of the Railway Network. 110. With this change there was an immediate economic improvement, decongestion of terminals, fluidity in traffic and greater speed in the loading of goods and boarding of passengers, as demonstrated in the change in the track width on the Mexico-Nuevo Laredo, San Luis Potosí-Tampico, Monterrey-Tampico, Mexico-Veracruz, Mexico-Acámbaro and Mexico-Puebla-Oaxaca lines, lines in which the volume of cargo increased. managed.[11] In 1987, President De la Madrid merged the five regional railway companies—among them, Ferrocarril del Pacífico "Ferrocarril del Pacífico (Mexico)")—along with Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México. The parastatal Ferronales would have accumulated an operating deficit of $552 million dollars (37% of its operating budget) by 1991; However, President Salinas was the last to support the parastate through the construction of the Mexico-Querétaro Electric Passenger Train since 1989 and until its commissioning during the last year of the Salinista presidency (1994). Competition with other modes of freight transport, such as road trucks and sea vessels, decreased the share of rail transport, mainly heavy cargo, to around 9%, roughly half the share the parastatal had a decade earlier.
Privatization
Having ended the Second World War, there were important investments in the purchase of locomotives and cars as well as in the expansion of the national railway network; Freight traffic increased along with huge subsidies and public debt. In 1995, President Zedillo reformed paragraph IV in Article 28 of the Mexican Constitution and, continuing the process of massive privatization of parastatals initiated by his predecessors in office, privatized Ferronales but not before canceling in 1996 the Mexico-Querétaro Train (inaugurated by Salinas just under two years ago) and having sold its vehicle fleet abroad.[12] With said constitutional modification, transportation railway ceased to be a strategic area of the State, to allow social and private participation in said activity.
After announcing alternatives for opening to the private sector, the SCT made the decision to adopt the regional segmentation model of the network, to be operated by vertically integrated private companies. The concessions were granted in the first instance to Grupo México, the mining consortium that owns Ferromex, S.A. and then to "regional public companies" into which Ferronales was subdivided, and then sold the representative shares of the same to the private sector. The assets to be tendered consisted of the concession title to provide public rail transport service, and the locomotives, hauling equipment and goods necessary for the operation. According to the Regulatory Law of the Railway Service, the State must maintain control over the general means of communication at all times. For this reason, the infrastructure and the right of way will be returned to the Nation in good operational condition at the end of the concessions (approximately 50 years from 1998).
Some advantages of privatization have been, for example, the renewal of railways and expansion of the national network; going from 20 thousand kilometers in 1998 to more than 26 thousand kilometers in 2007. Between 1995 and 2010 the volume mobilized practically doubled, going from 37,600 million ton-kilometers to 78,800 million ton-kilometers, increasing at 5.1% annually on average. Rail freight transport grew in that period at a greater rate than the economy as a whole and than road freight transport. After more than fifty years of decline, the railway's participation in the land transportation market, after its privatization, registered a notable recovery, going from 19% in 1995 to 25% in 2010.[13].
Reactivation Attempts
In 2006, Mexico's Ministry of Communications and Transportation proposed a high-speed rail link that would transport its passengers from Mexico City to Guadalajara "Guadalajara (Mexico)"), Jalisco, with stops in the cities of Querétaro, Guanajuato, León and Irapuato; and a connected line that would run from the port city of Manzanillo to Aguascalientes. The train would travel at 300 km/h,[14] and would allow passengers to travel from Mexico City to Guadalajara in just 2 hours[14] at an affordable price (the same road trip would take 7 hours). The network would also be connected to Monterrey, Chilpancingo, Cuernavaca, Toluca, Puebla, Tijuana, Hermosillo, Córdoba "Córdoba (Mexico)"), Veracruz, Oaxaca, Colima "Colima (Colima)"), Zacatecas "Zacatecas (Zacatecas)"), Torreón "Torreón (Coahuila de Zaragoza)"), Chihuahua "Chihuahua (Chihuahua)"), Puebla, San Luis Potosí "San Luis Potosí (city)"), Mexicali, Saltillo and Acapulco by 2015.[14] The entire project was projected to cost 240 billion pesos, or about $25 billion.[14] Mexican billionaire Carlos Slim expressed interest in investing in high-speed trains.
President Enrique Peña Nieto proposed the return to intercity train services, the proposed projects are the Toluca-Valle de México Interurban Passenger Train (construction began on July 7, 2014), the Mérida-Punta Venado Transpeninsular Train (Yucatán-Riviera Maya), the Mexico City - Santiago de Querétaro High Speed Train that would begin construction in October 2014 and will operate speeds of up to 300 km/h (with expansion to Guadalajara "Guadalajara (Mexico)") and Puebla-Tlaxcala-Mexico City. On November 3, 2014, China Railways Construction Corporation associated with Prodemex, Teya and GHP won the contract to build the Mexico City-Querétaro high-speed train. The estimated cost will be close to $4 billion, it will be completed by the end of 2017 and will be fully operational in the spring of 2018. However, Mexico canceled[15] the contract four days later due to doubts about the bidding process. In 2015, Mexico opened a new tender, which was revoked again. Therefore, Mexico compensated[16] China Railway Construction Corporation with $1.31 million.
Reactivation of passenger service
President-elect Andrés Manuel López Obrador announced in September 2018 a US$7.4 billion plan to build a tourist and freight railway in the Yucatán Peninsula. The project, called the Mayan Train, began construction in 2020 and will connect Palenque "Palenque (Chiapas)") with Cancún, a project that has been highly controversial with environmentalists and indigenous rights activists.
On February 22, 2022, the Morena deputy Miguel Torruco Garza"), presented in the Chamber of Deputies "Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)") a proposal to reactivate passenger rail transport in Mexico, his plan is to modernize the Mexican railway system with a mixed plan of freight and passenger trains and interconnect Mexico with 11 passenger routes.[17][18].
Among them are:
On November 20, 2023, President Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) publishes the decree to reactivate passenger trains on the seven routes:
The main Class I freight railroads in Mexico include:
• - Ferromex (FXE).
• - Canadian Pacific Kansas City (KCSM).
Short line railways include:.
• - Baja California Railroad (BJRR).
• - Railway and Terminal of the Valley of Mexico (Ferrovalle).
• - Ferrosur (FSRR).
• - Coahuila Durango Line (LFCD).
• - Tehuantepec Isthmus Railway (FIT).
Passengers
Passenger rail lines include:.
• - El Chepe (Los Mochis-Chihuahua).
• - Suburban Train (Buenavista-Cuautitlán).
• - El Insurgente (Zinacantepec-Santa Fé, the expansion of the Vasco de Quiroga "Vasco de Quiroga (El Insurgente Train Station)") and Observatory "Observatorio (El Insurgente Train Station)") will be open to the public in January 2026.).
• - Interoceanic Train (Coatzacoalcos-Salina Cruz and Coatzacoalcos-Pakal Ná and line K Ixtepec-Guatemala under construction).
Chihuahua to the Pacific Railway
The Chihuahua-Pacific Railway, also known as Chepe, is an important railway line in northwest Mexico; It links the cities of Chihuahua "Chihuahua (Chihuahua)") in the state of Chihuahua and Los Mochis, in the state of Sinaloa, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean.
It travels 673 km, traversing the Copper Canyon, a series of steep canyons that have led some to call it the most scenic train ride on the continent. It is both an important transportation system for locals and an attraction for tourists.[19].
The tracks pass over 37 bridges and 86 tunnels, rising up to 2,400 m above sea level near Divisadero (America's Continental Divide), a popular viewpoint over the canyons.[20] Each one-way trip takes approximately 16 hours. The track also crosses over itself to gain height.
The headquarters were located in Mexico City, Chihuahua and Los Mochis.
Tequila Express Train
The Tequila Express Train is a Mexican regional passenger train service that operates from Guadalajara "Guadalajara (Mexico)"), Jalisco, to the Sauza Tequila distillery in the municipality of Tequila.[21] The municipality of Tequila is located approximately 40 kilometers northwest of Guadalajara and 32 kilometers southeast of the town of Tequila "Tequila (Jalisco)"), Jalisco.[22] The train service is so called because it features tequila tastings and transports its passengers through blue agave fields to the "La Perseverancia" distillery in Tequila.
Suburban Railway of the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico
The Suburban Railway of the Metropolitan Zone of the Valley of Mexico or Suburban Train of the Valley of Mexico is the first commuter train built in Mexico. The 27-kilometer-long System 1 (Buenavista "Buenavista (Suburban Railway Station)")-Cuautitlán "Cuautitlán (Suburban Railway Station)") was inaugurated on May 7, 2008 by Felipe Calderón Hinojosa, president of Mexico from 2006 to 2012.[23].
A branch line is currently being built from the Lecheria station "Lecheria (suburban railway station)") to the Felipe Ángeles International Airport (AIFA) passing through 6 other stations, which is expected to be inaugurated in December 2025.[24].
This system is part of a project promoted, between 2000 and 2012, by the then presidents of Mexico Vicente Fox Quesada and Felipe Calderón Hinojosa, which considered three systems with a length between 242 and 245.9 kilometers.[25] To achieve this extension, it was considered using the existing railway tracks and the right of way owned by the Federal government in the Valley of Mexico. For its construction, the participation of the Federal governments, the Federal District (today Mexico City), the State of Mexico and the municipal governments of the Metropolitan Zone of the Valley of Mexico was necessary.[25][26].
The Insurgent
El Insurgente, previously called Mexico-Toluca Interurban Train[27][28] or Toluca-Valle de México Interurban Train,[29] initially called Toluca-Valle de México Interurban Passenger Train,[30] is a long-distance, medium-speed railway project under construction that connects the Metropolitan Area of the Toluca Valley with the west of the Metropolitan Area of the Valle de México. Mexico.
It was initially announced on December 1, 2012 by Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto as part of several railway-type infrastructure projects in the country. On July 7, 2014, the formal start of the work took place.[31][32][33][34] According to the original program presented in 2014, the project was presented to be completed before 2017,[35] however, it was delayed indefinitely.
The project was taken up by President Andrés Manuel López Obrador and was inaugurated on September 15, 2023, in its first section: Zinacantepec-Lerma, with four trains initially. Now it is operational as far as Santa Fé but at the beginning of 2026 it will be operating as far as Observatorio.
Mayan Train
The Mayan Train was a federal government project for a railway line in Mexico to transport passengers through the Yucatan Peninsula as part of the expansion of the national railway network. This infrastructure work began in December 2018, previously announced by Andrés Manuel López Obrador, who is still campaigning for the presidency of Mexico. It is a regional train for locals and tourists, also planned as cargo.[36].
The Campeche-Cancún section was inaugurated on December 15, 2023 and the complete inauguration of the circuit on December 15, 2024. In her campaign, President Claudia Sheinbaum announced the expansion of the Maya Train with 4 branches from Poxilá") to Hunucmá"), Mérida&action=edit&redlink=1 "Mérida Station (Central) (not yet drafted)") and Puerto Progreso") and also on December 15 August 2025, the president met in Calakmul, Campeche with her counterparts from Guatemala and Belize and agreed on several agreements, including the possible expansion of the Mayan Train from Chetumal to Belize and Petén.[37].
Presented to the governors of the Mexican southeast, on September 10, 2018, it offers mass transportation and tourist transportation services, and merchandise transportation is planned.[38][39].
Interoceanic Train
Line Z of the Interoceanic Train of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec is a railway owned by the Mexican government that crosses the Isthmus of Tehuantepec between Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, and Salina Cruz, Oaxaca.[40] It is one of the three lines that make up the Interoceanic Train system.
The Ministry of Communications and Transportation (SCT) registered in the Portfolio of Investment Projects of the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit (SHCP) the project to carry out Pre-investment Studies for the Passenger Train of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.[41].
Through the Rail Transport Regulatory Agency (ARTF), 24 million pesos were requested for the Preparation of Pre-investment Studies to determine the feasibility of implementing a passenger rail service in the form of an intercity or regional train that goes from Coatzacoalcos to Salina Cruz.
From January to October 2021, the pertinent studies were carried out to build the train with a length of 317 km, crossing 788 towns and 29 municipalities of two entities (Oaxaca and Veracruz).
Metro and light rail routes
Mexico City Metro
The Mexico City Metro is a metropolitan train-type public transportation system[42] that serves extensive areas of Mexico City. Its operation and exploitation is in charge of the decentralized public body called the Collective Transportation System (STC),[43][44] and its construction, in charge of the Secretariat of Works and Services of Mexico City (formerly the Secretariat of Works and Services of the Federal District).[45] Until August 12, 2013, its construction was managed by the so-called Metro Project of the Federal District, a decentralized body of the aforementioned secretariat.[46] It is known colloquially as Metro, due to the contraction of the term metropolitan train.
Metrorrey
Metrorrey, officially known as Metrorrey Collective Transportation System and colloquially as Metro, is an electric light rail system present in the city of Monterrey, in the state of Nuevo León, Mexico. It crosses the city of Monterrey from east to west, as well as part of the municipality of Guadalupe "Guadalupe (Nuevo León)"). From north to south it currently links the municipality of Escobedo (where the Sendero terminal station is located) with the Macroplaza (where the Zaragoza station is located) in the municipality of Monterrey. Just as from north to south it connects the municipality of San Nicolás de los Garza (where the Hospital Metropolitano terminal station is located) with the Macroplaza in the municipality of Monterrey. The growth of the system was halted for just over 11 years. It was not until mid-2005 that the construction of the second stage of line 2 began. As well as the construction of line 3, which was delayed more than 5 years until its inauguration on February 27, 2021.
Mexico City Light Rail
The Mexico City Light Rail is a light rail line that serves the south of Mexico City. It is administered by the decentralized public body: Electric Transport Service of Mexico City.[47].
It has a line of 13.04 kilometers. Its vehicle fleet is made up of high-floor articulated light trains with railway tracks. It has a total of 18 stations, of which 16 are through stations and 2 are terminals. It is built superficially.
Campeche Light Train
The San Francisco de Campeche Light Train is a DRT Type System network that serves to take passengers from the city center to the Mayan Train station "Estación de San Francisco de Campeche (Mayan Train)") passing through 14 stations and with a route of 15 km. It was inaugurated on July 20, 2025.[48].
under construction
Branch of System 1 of the Suburban Railway of the Metropolitan Zone of the Valley of Mexico
On March 19, 2020, the project to expand the suburban train was announced, which through a branch will connect the Felipe Ángeles International Airport located in the municipality of Zumpango with Mexico City.[49][50].
The branch under construction begins at the Lechería station "Lechería (station)"), will be 24 kilometers long and will have four intermediate stations: Cueyamil, Los Agaves, Nextlalpan and Xaltocan; as well as the terminal station at the airport.[51].
The branch is expected to open in July 2025 and will pass through the municipalities of Tultitlán, Tultepec, Nextlalpan and Zumpango.[52].
Train Mexico City-Pachuca
The Mexico City-Pachuca Train will be a passenger train that will connect Mexico City with the city of Pachuca, in Hidalgo, passing through the states of Hidalgo and Mexico. On March 22, 2025, the start of works was given,[55] the project is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2027.[56].
Train Mexico City-Querétaro
The Mexico City-Querétaro Train will be a passenger train that will connect Mexico City with the city of Santiago de Querétaro, in Querétaro, passing through the states of Hidalgo and Mexico.[57] On April 27, 2025, the start of works was given; they are expected to be completed in October 2027.[58][59][60][61].
The train on the Querétaro section heading north will be divided into two branches bound for Nuevo Laredo and Nogales.[62].
Mayan Cargo Train
The Mayan Train system&action=edit&redlink=1 "Mayan Train (Freight Train) (not yet drafted)") (in Yucatec Mayan: ) cargo will be a railway line connecting southeastern Mexico that will be operated by the public company Olmeca-Maya-Mexica. The work was flagged off by President Claudia Sheinbaum on April 26, 2025, as part of the national railway infrastructure plans from 2018 to 2050 "National Railway Infrastructure Plans in Mexico (2018-2050)").
Proposals and projects
Contenido
En enero de 2022, la Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes de México, aprobó una ampliación ferroviaria de 180 Kilómetros en el corredor Durango-Mazatlán. Con un costo estimado de 1.200 millones de dólares para reactivar y ampliar el corredor abandonado bajo una alianza público-privada con la empresa Caxxor Group, como parte del acuerdo USMCA.[63][64][65][66].
López Obrador crea un decreto de reactivación de trenes de pasajeros de noviembre de 2023. Claudia Sheinbaum, la próxima presidenta de México, ha anunciado el plan y las rutas para desarrollar una red ferroviaria de pasajeros que cubrirá 3,000 kilómetros en dirección al norte del país.[67].
Passenger railways to the north
More than 3,000 kilometers of passenger roads will be built in Mexico, divided into four phases:
• - 2025 Phase 1: 786 km.
AIFA-Pachuca: 54 km (under construction)
Mexico-Querétaro: 242 km (under construction)
Saltillo-Nuevo Laredo: 306 km
Querétaro-Irapuato: 184 km.
• - 2026 Phase 2: 910 km.
Querétaro-San Luis Potosí: 263 km
Mazatlán-Los Mochis: 441 km
Irapuato-Guadalajara: 206 km.
• - 2027 Phase 3: 1,145 km.
Guaymas-Hermosillo"): 135 km
Guadalajara-Tepic"): 204 km
San Luis Potosí-Saltillo"): 444 km
Los Mochis-Guaymas"): 362 km.
• - 2028 Phase 4: 552 km.
Tepic-Mazatlán"): 275 km
Hermosillo-Nogales"): 277 km.
Private management
By January 15, 2024, the private initiative had presented five proposals to the Ministry of Infrastructure, Communications and Transportation. Particularly the two majority concessionaires;
Grupo México through its subsidiaries Ferromex and Ferrosur, as well as
Canadian Pacific Kansas City (CPKC).
The routes are:
• - Mexico-Querétaro proposals,
Proposed Querétaro-San Luis Potosí section; of the Mexico–San Luis Potosí Train "San Luis Potosí (city)")–Monterrey–Nuevo Laredo (Águila Azteca (train) "Águila Azteca (train)")),
Querétaro-León and León-Agascalientes proposals for the Buenavista-Tula-Querétaro-León-Aguascalientes train (formerly Mexico–Querétaro–León–Aguascalientes Train "Aguascalientes (Aguascalientes)")),
León-Guadalajara Proposal for the Mexico–Querétaro–Guadalajara Train "Guadalajara (Mexico)")–Tepic–Mazatlán–Nogales (El Tapatío and El Costeño) and.
Public management
In the absence of private proposals, the remaining segments and routes remain under the responsibility of the government.
• - Puebla-Cholula-Atlixco-Izúcar Train is a project to reactivate and expand the Puebla-Cholula tourist train, which had operations between 2017 and 2021, but was canceled because it was unviable and financially detrimental to the state. This project seeks to resume and extend the route to connect with Atlixco and Izúcar de Matamoros, according to the period 2024-2030, the government of the state of Puebla Alejandro Armenta will seek to reactivate the route and extend it to connect the municipalities of Atlixco and Izúcar de Matamoros, in addition to evaluating the connection with Tlaxcala.[68][69].
Abandoned proposals
El costo del proyecto será de 12 mil millones de pesos, la Fase 1, de la cual 3 mil millones provienen del gobierno Federal, vía Fonadin, otros 3 mil millones vía Banobras y 6 mil millones de parte de la Iniciativa Privada, bajo un esquema de Asociación Público Privada. Samuel García aclaró que en 2022 pretenden iniciar con los estudios técnicos del proyecto mismos que costarán hasta 500 millones de pesos.[70].
El gobierno federal busca construir un tren ligero de pasajeros en Morelia, Michoacán utilizando la línea “N” de Kansas City Southern de México (KCSM), por lo que solicitó a la Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público (SHCP) 30 millones de pesos para los estudios de preinversión.
De acuerdo a documentos del proyecto, la Secretaría de Infraestructura, Comunicaciones y Transportes (SICT) precisó que el corredor ferroviario mejorará la movilidad de la zona a través de sus 21 kilómetros y estará ubicado en la región III Cuitzeo.[71].
El Tren Ligero Urbano de la Región Capital, conocido coloquialmente como Tren ligero de Xalapa es un proyecto de un sistema de transporte colectivo ferroviario metropolitano que busca mejorar la movilidad de la zona metropolitana de Xalapa, la región capital del estado de Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave, organizado por la Secretaría de Infraestructura, Comunicaciones y Transportes, Agencia Reguladora del Transporte Ferroviario y el Gobierno del Estado y comenzando los estudios del proyecto desde octubre de 2019.[72][73] Sería construido sobre una vías de tren ya existentes y que atraviesan la ciudad.
Canceled projects
The officially called Mexico City-Santiago de Querétaro High Speed Train was a project to build a high-speed train that would connect the capital of the state of Querétaro with Mexico City. The project consists of the construction of a double-track high-speed train line with an approximate length of 210 km, two terminals (Querétaro and Buenavista) and three maintenance workshops.[74].
The initial project considered sharing the right of way with the Suburban Train between the Buenavista and Cuautitlán stations "Cuautitlán (station)"), in addition to the right of way of the Juárez and Morelos tracks, which are concessioned to Kansas City Southern de México.[75][76] The pre-call for the international public tender was published on August 15, 2014.[76][77][75].
The Mexican company TMSourcing, through its railway trust, presented the Tren del Bajío project – which will unite Mexico City, the State of Mexico, Querétaro and León – before the Ministry of Infrastructure, Communications and Transportation (SICT). The railway route includes 12 stations where it is expected that more than 40 thousand daily users can travel from CDMX through Querétaro and to Guanajuato, in addition to connections with the Felipe Ángeles International Airport and the Suburban Train, this in the 416 km with existing right of way.[78].
With this train it is expected to detonate the economy in many towns that still have stations such as Tamasopo, Cárdenas "Cárdenas (San Luis Potosí)"), Cerritos "Cerritos (San Luis Potosí)"), Ciudad Valles, Tamuín, Ébano "Ébano (San Luis Potosí)"), among others, also including the municipalities of southern Tamaulipas, which highlight the nine centenary tunnels since 1887, among other attractions.[79].
In the first stage, seven stations and two terminals are planned that will benefit a minimum of 30,000 passengers daily, increasing their quality of life and reducing transportation costs for users and car trips, while attracting other investments in services surrounding the stations such as public parking lots and shops.[80].
On January 9, 2023, the SICT approved the transpeninsular train project that will go from Tijuana, Baja California, to Los Cabos, Baja California Sur, which will travel approximately 1,700 kilometers passing through 11 stations. This project will be built jointly with the private initiative, its completion is estimated in 2029.[81].
Museums
There are several railway museums in Mexico, including: the Railway Museum in San Luis Potosí,[82] the museum of the old railway station in Aguascalientes "Aguascalientes (Aguascalientes)"), Aguascalientes; one of the old station of the Interoceanic Railway of Mexico in Cuautla, Morelos, which functions as a museum; the museum of the old railway station in Iguala Guerrero, which in addition to the railway museum, is home to the Telegraph Museum; the Yucatán Railway Museum is in Mérida "Mérida (México)"), Yucatán; the National Railway Museum in Puebla, Puebla and the Torreón Railway Museum in Torreón "Torreón (Coahuila)").
Rail links with neighboring countries
• - USA .- Yes - same width of 1435 mm.
• - Guatemala .- Yes - gauge change 1435mm/914mm (reconstructed as standard gauge in 2019)[83].
Controversies
After the privatization that began between 1995 and 1997, anomalies were reported in the liquidation process of Ferronales workers by former officials of the defunct parastatal.[84] Said crime was allegedly committed between 2003 and 2005 when public servants called for tenders to sell obsolete and useless scrap, although they did not deliver the material, which generated a debt of about 10.3 millions of pesos with the awarded companies.[85][86].
"To settle the debt, more than 52 thousand tons of railway tracks, rails, sleepers, nails and plates owned by the Federation were sold with a value of more than 1.8 billion pesos. This amount of material is equivalent to three times the network of the Mexico City Metro or seven times the steel of the Eiffel Tower. 590 kilometers of useful railway tracks were also delivered to the four companies, which, far from being scrap, are high-quality steel. quality. The five sections of tracks illegally delivered were installed in Durango, Michoacán, Jalisco, Chihuahua and Puebla" (JOA).[87].
The officials involved are the special fiduciary delegate of Banobras and in charge of the liquidation, Enrique Alejandro Rivas; the deputy general legal director, Efrén Alejandro del Pozo; the deputy manager of special services, Antonio Paredes; the area head of the general legal subdirectorate, Saúl Román Tiburcio and the area head "C" of the special services subdirectorate, Pedro Rodolfo Muriel.[88].
• - Annex: Mexican railways.
• - Annex: Passenger trains named after Mexico.
• - National Railway Infrastructure Plans in Mexico (2018-2050) "National Railway Infrastructure Plans in Mexico (2018-2050)").
• - High speed railway in Mexico.
• - Railways of Mexico, by Fred Wilbur Powell on Google Books.
• - History of the railroad in Mexico Archived July 11, 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
• - Tehuantepec Isthmus Railway.
• - Coahuila Durango Railway Archived July 17, 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
[3] ↑ D`Estrabau, Gilberto, El ferrocarril, México,1988.
[4] ↑ a b Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México, México, 1987.
[5] ↑ a b Fuentes Díaz, Vicente, El problema ferrocarrilero de México, México, 1951.
[6] ↑ Kuntz Ficker, Sandra y Ruguzzi Paolo (coordinadores), Ferrocarriles y vida económica en México, 1850-1950: del surgimiento caído al decaimiento precoz,México, 1996.
[7] ↑ Chapman, John Gresham, La construcción del Ferrocarril Mexicano,1985.
[8] ↑ Kuntz, Sandra (1999). «Los ferrocarriles y la formación del espacio económico en México, 1880-1910». Ferrocarriles y Obras Públicas. México: Instituto Mora. pp. pp.105-119. ISBN 968-6914-88-9.
[9] ↑ Fred Wilbur Powell, los ferrocarriles de México, 1921.
[16] ↑ «Mexico to pay China rail firm for cancelling project». BBC News (en inglés británico). 22 de mayo de 2015. Consultado el 29 de marzo de 2022.: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-32840712
[18] ↑ Miguel Torruco Garza [@MiguelTorrucoG] (23 de agosto de 2022). «Propuse ante el Pleno de la Cámara de Diputados el regreso del tren de pasajeros a México.» (tuit) – vía X/Twitter.: https://twitter.com/i/status/1562224436329185280
[19] ↑ [http://www.mexonline.com/chihuahua/coppercanyon-train.htm «MEXonline.com Copper Canyon Directory - Copper Canyon Trains / Chihuahua al Pac�fico Train - Copper Canyon, Chihuahua, Mexico»]. www.mexonline.com. Consultado el 25 de abril de 2022.: http://www.mexonline.com/chihuahua/coppercanyon-train.htm
[20] ↑ «Viaja en el Chepe Express, y vive una de las experiencias en tren más impresionantes del mundo». Chepe (en inglés). Consultado el 25 de abril de 2022.: https://chepe.mx/
[21] ↑ «Tequila Express Oficial | Desde 1997». Tequilaexpress. Consultado el 25 de abril de 2022.: https://www.tequilaexpress.mx/
[23] ↑ Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes (2004). «Ferrocarril Suburbano–Características». Ciudad de México, México: Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes. Archivado desde el original el 2 de mayo de 2008. Consultado el 19 de mayo de 2008.: https://web.archive.org/web/20080502231621/http://dgtfm.sct.gob.mx/index.php?id=765
[25] ↑ a b Dirección General de Transporte Ferroviario y Multimodal (2010). «Proyectos de desarrollo ferroviario de carga y pasajeros». Ciudad de México, México: Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes. Consultado el 25 de agosto de 2011.: http://dgtfm.sct.gob.mx/fileadmin/Tronco/Proyectos_de_Desarrollo.pdf
[30] ↑ codigo=5328709&fecha=02/01/2014&print=true http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php codigo=5328709&fecha=02/01/2014&print=true. Falta el |título= (ayuda).: http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php
[32] ↑ José Gil Olmos (1 de diciembre de 2012). «Peña y sus 13 promesas: Combate a la pobreza, paz, trenes, cadenas de televisión…». Ciudad de México: Proceso. Archivado desde el original el 21 de octubre de 2014. Consultado el 17 de diciembre de 2013.: https://web.archive.org/web/20141021030606/http://www.proceso.com.mx/?p=326661
[36] ↑ de 2020, 24 de Enero. proyecto-emblema-de-lopez-algodón-ya-tiene-fecha-de-inicio/ «Tren Maya: el peor proyecto emblema de López Algodón ya tiene fecha de inicio». infobae. Consultado el 6 de julio de 2020.: https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2020/01/24/tren-maya-el-peor
[37] ↑ «El 15 de diciembre inicia ruta Palenque-Cancún; todos los tramos, para febrero: AMLO». sinembargo.mx. 6 de octubre de 2023. Consultado el 23 de octubre de 2023.: https://www.sinembargo.mx/06-10-2023/4418099
[38] ↑ Alma E. Muñóz (10 de septiembre de 2018). «Gobernadores ofrecen apoyo a AMLO para el proyecto del Tren Maya». La Jornada. Consultado el 2 de noviembre de 2018.: https://www.jornada.com.mx/2018/09/10/politica/005n1pol
[44] ↑ Consejería Jurídica y de Servicios Legales del Distrito Federal (6 de noviembre de 2007). «Estatuto orgánico del Sistema de Transporte Colectivo». Gaceta Oficial del Distrito Federal (Ciudad de México, México: Gobierno del Distrito Federal) (206): 3-52. Consultado el 29 de agosto de 2011.: http://www.consejeria.df.gob.mx//uploads/gacetas/Noviembre07_06_206.pdf
[45] ↑ Jefatura de Gobierno (12 de agosto de 2013). «Decreto por el que se reforman, adicionan y derogan diversas disposiciones del reglamento interior de la administración pública del Distrito Federal.». Gaceta Oficial del Distrito Federal (Ciudad de México, México: Gobierno del Distrito Federal) (1667): 3-4. Consultado el 13 de agosto de 2013.: http://www.consejeria.df.gob.mx/portal_old/uploads/gacetas/520694efb05d9.pdf
[46] ↑ Consejería Jurídica y de Servicios Legales del Distrito Federal (21 de abril de 2009). «Decreto por el que se adicionan y derogan diversas disposiciones del reglamento interior de la administración pública del Distrito federal». Gaceta Oficial del Distrito Federal (Ciudad de México, México: Gobierno del Distrito Federal) (575): 3-5. Consultado el 29 de agosto de 2011.: http://www.consejeria.df.gob.mx//uploads/gacetas/ABRIL_24_09.pdf
[47] ↑ Dirección de Nuevas Tecnologías (2006). «Ley de la Institución Descentralizada de Servicio Público Servicio de Transportes Eléctricos del Distrito Federal». Distrito Federal, México: Sistema de Trasportes Eléctricos. Archivado desde el original el 6 de agosto de 2011. Consultado el 7 de septiembre de 2008.: https://web.archive.org/web/20110806084435/http://www.ste.df.gob.mx/ste/ley.html
[54] ↑ «Enrique Alfaro arranca las obras de la Línea 4 a Tlajomulco». Prensa del Gobierno del Estado de Jalisco. 22 de mayo de 2022. Consultado el 23 de mayo de 2022.: https://www.jalisco.gob.mx/es/prensa/noticias/143787
[74] ↑ Editorial MiMorelia (2 de diciembre de 2013). «Dan a conocer la ruta que tendrá el tren rápido Querétaro-Ciudad de México». Ciudad de México, México: MiMorelia. Archivado desde el original el 17 de diciembre de 2013. Consultado el 17 de diciembre de 2013.: https://web.archive.org/web/20131217100037/http://mimorelia.com/noticias/129229
[75] ↑ a b Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes-Dirección General de Transporte Ferroviario y Multimodal (25 de julio de 2014). «Licitación pública internacional abierta no. PO-009000988-N49-2014 para el otorgamiento de un contrato mixto de obra pública para la construcción, suministro y puesta en marcha de: (i) una vía férrea; (ii) material rodante; (iii) equipos y sistemas y demás componentes del proyecto del tren de alta velocidad México D.F.- Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, en adelante “el tren México Querétaro”.». Ciudad de México, México: Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes. Consultado el 15 de agosto de 2014.: http://www.sct.gob.mx/fileadmin/DireccionesGrales/DGTFM/Licitaciones/2014/0988_N49_2014/PRE-BASES_MEX-QTO_N49-2014.pdf