Transformable buildings
La segunda categoría trata sobre la escala del edificio. En este encontraríamos salas o edificios adaptables para alojar distintas. El espacio transformable contempla: proyección de futuro, adaptabilidad, flexibilidad y funcionalidad. Para llevar a cabo esta acción es necesario diseñar espacios de planta libre, e introducir en este el diseño modular. Además, se considera necesario plantear circulaciones claras y tener estipulado la alternabilidad de los espacios. Es recomendable que los espacios adaptables se construyan a base de elementos móviles para que puedan adaptarse a los nuevos cambios del usuario. Estos elementos pueden ser muros, pavimentos y techos.
POP-UP architecture
Within the transformable rooms or buildings we would find POP-UP architecture, such as the examples of POP UP retail, an ephemeral retail space located in emblematic places in your city. These are transportable and transformable container modules that can be built very easily and in a short time.[4].
Cocobello is a transportable and transformable container module that can be built very easily and in a short time. It can be used as an office, exhibition pavilion, etc. It was designed by architect Peter Haimerl between 2003 and 2008.
The upper volume is transparent on two sides and is equipped with LED lighting. At night it takes on the image of a light box. It is possible to vary the color of the pavilion depending on the client's needs.[4].
Foldable architecture
"Folding architectures"), are characterized by being the result of a composition based on flat shapes that together join together and form a three-dimensional structure. The flat shapes can be triangles, rhombuses, trapezoids, etc. They join each other at their edges forming dihedral angles that allow their stability.
Currently, different folds can be generated not only on the basis of experimentation on paper or cardboard, but also through computer design programs, which allow more complex structures to be modeled, where their variations or movements can be simulated if forces are applied to them in one direction or another.
cardboard architecture
Architecture of various scales built from cardboard, by executing folds in the cardboard, assembling parts or constructing from cylindrical cardboard tubes. Although it is not a material with massive use in construction, it can be very appropriate, especially in the case of ephemeral architectures, due to its reduced cost, weight, ease of transport, acceptable thermal behavior and ease of recycling.[5].
In the field of ephemeral architecture, Guy Rottier") creates an architecture based on the reuse of materials and argues that in the case of temporary or ephemeral constructions it is not profitable to make investments comparable to those of more conventional architecture. He works especially in the field of emergency architecture and temporary housing.[6].
This is a project for the construction of a temporary holiday villa built using cardboard as the main material. The different homes that would make up the complex would have a useful life of three months and at the end of their life they would be burned after the end of the holidays.
The design of the housing cells is based on a continuous cardboard plane that forms the enclosure of the façade and, when curved, generates the different interior spaces of the façade without the need for doors and windows. The design of the roof is the responsibility of the users (forming an active part of the design of the home) and it is supported by an aerial structure of cables, supported by compact cardboard tubular supports.[5].
Modular architecture
Modular architecture is a type of ephemeral architecture that is formalized by adding or subtracting various modules that fit together, allowing the generation of larger or smaller spaces. This allows the functions and character of the interior space to vary, while adapting to the needs of a given moment.
An example of modular architecture would be the “Zip-Up House” designed by Richard Rogers in 1969. The name “Zip-up” derives from the use of a system of mass-produced roof panels and walls, which allows rapid assembly in “rings” using neoprene closures and offers open structural spans of up to 9 meters. Lacking fixed internal divisions, the layout of the basic container can be altered at will by the user and the house can be expanded by incorporating an additional section.