Programming control
Introduction
A control system is defined as a set of components that can regulate its own behavior or that of another system in order to achieve a predetermined operation.
In a control system 4 parts can be identified: Measurement, Action, Control, and Reference.
Every control system measures and does something, the process is carried out by the controller that uses programs and references (Set-point). The references or parameters are the adjustable part of the Software; they are intangible, they cannot be touched, and they need a physical support to be memorized; and Measurements, Drives and Controllers are the Hardware that can be seen and touched.
Due to our human nature, it is useful to mention manual control and automatic control:.
• - In manual control, the controller is a conscious brain. The measurements are the senses "Sense (perception)"), the actions are muscular, and what we call the mind is the software with its references.
• - In automatic control, the controller is an artificial device (e.g. mechanical, electronic, chemical, etc.). The measurements are by sensors, the actions are by actuators, and it was programmed to perform a task according to previous references.
There are two common classes of control systems: Open-loop systems and closed-loop systems. In open loop control systems, the output does not intervene in the control action; while in closed loop systems, it is required to know the output to exercise control of the system. A closed loop system is also called a feedback control system.
Industrial control systems are generally used for industrial production processes to control equipment or machines.[1].
Goals
Control systems must:
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- Be stable and robust against disturbances and errors in the models.
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- Be efficient according to pre-established criteria, avoiding abrupt and unrealistic behavior.