Productive capacity
Introduction
Capacity utilization is the degree to which a company or country uses its installed productive capacity (the maximum production it could achieve, or maximum production volume). It is the relationship between what actually is produced with the installed equipment and what could be produced.[1].
Normally, capacity utilization refers to a period of time (for example, a calendar year), because it varies (in one period it may be high, and in the next, lower).[2] It is calculated by dividing the actual production in that period by the total capacity, expressing the result as a percentage. It is also expressed as "use of installed capacity".[3].
Economic and engineering measures
Contenido
Una de las definiciones más utilizadas de "tasa de utilización de la capacidad" es la relación (en la acepción 9 de la RAEː «resultado de comparar dos cantidades expresadas en números»)[4] entre la producción real y la producción potencial. Debe tenerse en cuenta que la producción potencial puede definirse de al menos 2 maneras diferentes.
Definition of engineering
One is the "engineering" or "technical" definition, according to which potential production represents the maximum amount of production in the short term with the existing capital stock. Thus, a standard definition of capacity utilization is, in the period considered, the (weighted) average of the relationships between the real production of companies and the maximum they could produce, with existing factories and equipment (see Johanson, 1968). Production can be measured in physical units or in market value (monetary units of each country), the latter being more common.
However, as production increased, and long before the absolute technical limit of production was reached, most companies could experience an increase in the average cost of production. For example, higher average costs may arise due to the need to operate additional shifts, perform additional plant maintenance, etc. It should also be considered that, in a normal economic situation, there are companies that operate at full capacity (because their products are in high demand).[5].