Introduction to powders for 3D printing

3D printer powders are fine granulated materials used in additive manufacturing technologies based on sintering, fusion or agglomeration of particles. These powders allow three-dimensional objects to be built layer by layer by selectively bonding particles in a powder bed.

This type of material is essential in processes such as selective laser sintering (SLS), selective laser melting (SLM) and binder jetting. The quality, granulometry and composition of the powder directly influence the mechanical properties and dimensional precision of the final pieces.

Particle size and distribution

The size of powder particles for 3D printing typically ranges between 10 and 100 micrometers, depending on the specific process and material used. Proper size distribution is crucial to ensure good powder fluidity and proper compaction during printing.

A granulometry that is too fine can cause problems with agglomeration and low permeability, while particles that are too large can affect the resolution and detail of the printed object. Therefore, manufacturers tend to optimize the distribution to balance fluidity and density.

Furthermore, a uniform distribution contributes to homogeneity in the densification of the material during sintering or fusion, avoiding internal defects and improving the mechanical properties of the final product.

Chemical composition and types of materials

3D printing powders can be composed of a wide variety of materials, including metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. Selection depends on the final application and printing process.

In the case of metals, alloys of stainless steel, titanium, aluminum, cobalt-chromium, among others, are used. These alloys offer high mechanical and thermal resistance, suitable for functional and medical parts.