Postindustrial urbanism
Introduction
The transformations in terms of the architecture and urban planning of Bilbao have been important from the end of the century to the beginning of the century, converting a post-industrial city into a city of services[1] with a marked cultural component, and with architectural works of international significance, such as the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao by Frank Gehry, located on the left bank of the Nervión River, the Bilbao Metro, designed by Norman Foster, the Iberdrola Tower of César Pelli or Zubizuri, the pedestrian bridge over the river, by Santiago Calatrava.
The Expansion Plan of 1876 was carried out on the left bank of the Bilbao estuary, and was developed as a checkerboard[2] around an elliptical plaza "Plaza Elíptica (Bilbao)") from which eight radial streets radiated. The growth of the city made this expansion, of 158 hectares, insufficient in a few decades.[3].
Architectural styles
Eclecticism (1876-1900)
Eclecticism is divided into two periods: the Elizabethan period, from 1850 to 1868, and the Alfonso era, from 1868 to 1899.[4] Among the architects who applied Eclecticism in their works in Bilbao is Severino Achúcarro.
Modernism (1900-1915)
Among the architects who apply modernism in their works in Bilbao are Ricardo de Bastida, Mario Camiña, Severino Achúcarro, Pedro Guimón, Leonardo Rucabado and Ismael Gorostiza").
Regionalism (1900-1930)
Clearly influenced by the mountain regionalism developed by Leonardo Rucabado,[4] other architects who applied it in the city are Ricardo de Bastida, José María de Basterra, Tomás Bilbao and Manuel María de Smith.
Art Deco (1925-1930)
Among the architects who projected this style in the city were Pedro Ispizua, Ricardo de Bastida and Tomás Bilbao.[4].