porcelain tile or porcelain stoneware is a ceramic product declared by the ISO 13006/NBR13818 standard as a specification and is usually used as a coating for floors and walls. Basically, it is a mass composed of several components to which, once cooked, a polishing procedure is carried out until the desired shine is reached. The different porcelain designs are achieved in the process of mixing the materials, since the mass that will be obtained from this process will be the design that will be achieved after the polishing process. In the case of glazed porcelain tiles, the design will depend on what you want to make using the same glaze.

Due to its very low water absorption, it is resistant to frost and also has very good resistance to abrasion and high tensile strength. This makes it ideal for high-use areas, such as hallways and industrial plants. It is ecological and does not pollute even if it burns in a fire. Due to its absorption, which is close to zero, it is necessary to use special mortars (glues) in its setting, unlike the traditional setting masses used for ceramics, stones and granites. It should also be noted that, due to its hardness, it is necessary to use cutting discs or cutting devices with a diamond cutting edge.

Glazed porcelain tile, having three layers and generating deformations when melted at more than 1200 °C, has the characteristic of slight positive curves, in the direction of its support.

It is a pressed material with water absorption less than or equal to 0.5%. A porcelain mass is composed of a finely atomized mixture of clays, feldspars, feldspathic sands and sometimes kaolins, phyllites and coloring additives, when necessary. Atomization is carried out until a homogeneous size of powder particles, suitable for pressing, is reached. Firing is carried out at a temperature of around 1150-1250 °C in long ovens of up to 140 m. The raw material is gradually brought to the maximum temperature, holding it for about 25-30 minutes, and always gradually cooled to room temperature.