Fascist architecture or fascist-rationalist architecture is the architecture developed during fascist Italy since the late 1920s. It is not a uniform architectural style, since several styles coexisted at the same time. It distinguished two branches, one in favor of the innovations of modern architecture (Giuseppe Terragni) and another more conservative (Marcello Piacentini and the group *La Burbera"). Castagnola") and Adalberto Libera.

This double nature of fascist architecture allowed it to develop, on the one hand, a close relationship with the architectural rationalism typical of the so-called modern architecture (modern movement or international style "International Style (architecture)"), such as that of the German Bauhaus School and Le Corbusier's workshop in France; while on the other hand, it was clearly comparable to the so-called architecture of totalitarianism" or architecture of dictators") (Nazi architecture, Stalinist architecture, architecture of autarky), more linked to neoclassicism and historicism.

The construction project of the Esposizione Universale Roma (EUR), planned for 1942 and which was never held, allowed since 1938 the planned development of a complete urban area with monumental pretensions, in which the not always coincident aesthetics of the architects most related to the Mussolini regime (Marcello Piacentini, with more neoclassical criteria and the more avant-garde Giuseppe Pagano) were combined.

Fascist architecture became known during Benito Mussolini's rule from 1922 to 1943. During this period of time he transformed Italy's form of government into a dictatorship. He used all means including architecture to form a fascist state. Mussolini did not mandate a uniform style of fascist architecture, and some of the architects relied on those of imperial Rome to bring pride to the people now under fascist domination.[1]​[2]​[3]​ Others chose a style typical of the Modern Movement, such as that used in the new city of Sabaudia.

Likewise, when Hitler came to power in 1933 and turned the German chancellery into a dictatorship, he used fascist architecture as well as other tools to unify and nationalize Germany under his rule. Hitler had plans to rebuild Berlin after the Axis powers won World War II and rename it Germania, or Welthauptstadt Germania. Hitler had his favorite architect, Albert Speer, designed this city using Nazi architecture.[4]​.

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