Pneumatic transport pipes
Introduction
Pneumatic tubes (or capsule tubes and Lamson tubes) are systems in which cylindrical containers "Cylinder (geometry)") are propelled through a network of tubes by means of compressed air "Compressor (machine)") or by means of vacuum. They are used to transport solid objects, unlike common pipes, which transport gases or fluids.
Pneumatic tube networks gained great prominence at the end of the century and beginning of the century in businesses or administrations that needed to transport small but urgent packages (such as mail or money) over relatively short distances (within a building or, at most, a city). Some of these systems grew to great complexity, but were replaced by more modern methods of communication and messaging transportation, and are now much rarer than before.
A small number of pneumatic transport systems were built for large loads, to compete with railway and subway systems.
For public transport
Pneumatic Transportation generally refers to the transportation of people inside pneumatic tubes. In 1812, George Medhurst) first proposed, but never implemented, the idea of "blowing" passenger vehicles through a tunnel.
"Atmospheric trains", in which a tube was placed between the rails, with a piston running in suspension of the train through a sealing slot in the top of the tube, were operated as follows:[4].
In 1861, the Pneumatic Despatch Company built a system large enough to move a person, although it was intended to be created for packages. On 10 October 1865, the opening of the new Holborn station was marked by the Duke of Buckingham, the chairman, and some of the company's directors, being driven through the tube to Euston") (a five-minute journey).
The Crystal Palace pneumatic train with 550 meters of track was exhibited at The Crystal Palace in 1864. It was a prototype for a pneumatic railway project in Whitehall that would have passed under the River Thames linking Waterloo and Charing Cross. Excavation began in 1865, but was suspended in 1868 due to financial problems.
In 1867 at the American Institute Fair in New York, Alfred Ely Beach exhibited a pipe 32.6 meters long and 1.8 meters in diameter that was capable of moving 12 passengers along with a driver. In 1869, the Beach Pneumatic Transit Company of New York secretly built an underground pneumatic line 95 meters long and 2.7 meters in diameter under Broadway. The line operated for a few months, being closed after Beach did not obtain permission to extend it.