A pneumatic tool, air-powered tool or pneumatically powered tool is a type of tool actuated by non-human power, powered by compressed air provided by an air compressor. Pneumatic tools can also be powered by compressed carbon dioxide (CO2) stored in small cylinders that facilitate portability.[1]​.

Most pneumatic tools convert compressed air pressure in their operation using a pneumatic motor. Compared to equivalent electric actuated tools, pneumatic tools are safer to operate and maintain, with no risk of sparks, short circuits or electrocution, and have a higher power-to-weight ratio, allowing them to be lighter to perform the same task as an equivalent electric tool. Additionally, they are less likely to self-destruct if the tool becomes jammed or receives excessive power.[2]​.

General type pneumatic tools with a short estimated life are generally inexpensive and are considered “disposable tools”, while industrial type pneumatic tools with a long estimated life are more expensive. Pneumatic tools are generally cheaper than their electric counterparts. However, frequent lubrication is still required.[3]​.

Most pneumatic tools operate with a compressed air supply with a pressure between 4 to 6 bar "Bar (unit)").[4]​.

Pneumatic tools have several advantages that have contributed to their popularity. The advantages of using tools powered by compressed air are:.

The main disadvantage of pneumatic tools is the dependence on having an assured air supply provided by an air compressor, which can be expensive. Pneumatic tools also require proper maintenance and oiling regularly. Lack of maintenance can lead to deterioration, due to the accumulation of bad oil and water.[5]​.

Pneumatic tools are characterized by several quantities: Free speed (rpm), Air pressure (psi/bar), Air consumption (cfm/scfm or m/min), Power "Power (physical)") (kWatt), and shaft size. Each tool has its own specific requirements which determine its compatibility with compressed air supply systems.