Planning of urban landscapes
Introduction
We call ordered landscape that which reflects the meditated, concentrated and continuous action of a society on the environment. It is, therefore, the product of a community with a type of economy and legal and technical means, which carries out the transformation together, over time and with future perspectives. This is a choice between natural and technical conditions.
In the ordered environment, the fight against the elements of nature has reached the extreme of creating a large artificial environment where human life develops, with the limitations imposed by its own biology, but largely independent of environmental conditions. However, this artificial environment is not independent of nature since it needs it to provide itself with the natural elements that are necessary for subsistence, although they can be used even if they are in very distant places. The human being cannot escape his condition as a natural being.
The ordered landscape is a space organized by an industrial society with sufficient technical capacity to modify the environment drastically. This has only happened after the triumph of the industrial revolution. The communications network is very dense and allows exchanges at high speeds. The resources it uses do not depend on the ecological conditions of the immediate environment, since network flows allow international exchanges between distant and different ecological areas. The network has a hierarchy based on the importance of the exchanges, and a series of nodes, the cities, in which the products are distributed. This way of organizing space can come into conflict with the environment and with the other two ways of organizing space, preventing its functioning. This is what happens in underdeveloped countries, that the ordered space prevents the functioning of the modified space. All the relationships established in the organized space are interspersed with each other, so that they form a system and some affect the others.
The ordered space is generally divided into: rural space and urban space; each of which has a different and even opposite morphology and functions. Although in modern developed societies it is increasingly difficult to establish limits. Urban ways and forms of life invade the countryside and are assumed by the rural population. Few things differentiate rural from urban, although some are radical, such as population density, the presence of agricultural and land activities, extractive activities, industrial activities with space needs, waste areas, etc. Many of these activities, especially agricultural ones, still depend to a high degree on the ecological conditions in which they are developed.