PDCA cycle
Introduction
The PHVA cycle, Deming cycle or Shewhart cycle consists of iterative designs and management methods developed to initiate continuous improvement processes in different companies producing goods and services.[1][2] The PHVA cycle consists of four steps: Plan, Do, Check and Act; although it is also known as PHRA cycle (Plan, Do, Review and Act) or PDCA cycle: Plan, Do, Check and Act.[2][3]
Deming emphasized the PDSA (Plan–Do–Study–Act) cycle instead of PDCA to emphasize learning after verification of results.
A notable aspect of the PHVA cycle is its flexibility to adapt to different industries and contexts. For example, in the educational field, this cycle is applied to improve teaching and learning processes through the evaluation and continuous adjustment of pedagogical methodologies. Likewise, in the public sector, it is used to optimize policies and services aimed at citizens, promoting transparency and efficiency in administrative management.
In addition to its relationship with ISO standards, the PHVA cycle has been a key tool in the development of integrated management systems (quality, environment and occupational safety). This ensures not only the quality of the product or service, but also compliance with legal regulations and the sustainability of operations.
Origin
The Shewhart cycle was developed in 1939 by the American physicist, engineer and statistician Walter A. Shewhart when applying the scientific method to mass production processes.[4] Based on a small modification of the Shewhart cycle, William Edwards Deming presented the Deming cycle in 1951 in Japan where it was later known as the PHVA cycle.[4][5].
Deming's 14 points
Deming has 14 points based on Shewhart's theories, the fourteen points do not offer an exotic theory of behavior. There is no mention of theories X, Y or Z. The fourteen points are pragmatic; They are based on observation of what happens in industrial and service companies.[4][6]
Deming's fourteen points are: